Physic Summary Notes

2.1 Linear Motion

Linear motion is the motion of an object in a straight line.

Displacement
⚫ The shortest path or distance travelled in a specific
direction
⚫ Can be refer as “position”
⚫ Vector quantity
⚫ SI unit: metre(m)

Distance
⚫ Total length of route covered by an object
⚫ Scalar quantity
⚫ SI unit: metre(m)

Velocity
⚫ The rate of change of displacement
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
= 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏
𝒔
𝒗=
𝒕
Speed
⚫ The rate of change of distance travelled
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
=
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏
𝒅
𝒗=
𝒕
Acceleration
⚫ The rate of change of velocity

𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 − 𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚

=
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚

𝒗−𝒖
𝒂=
𝒕

2.2 Linear Motion Graphs

Displacement-time graph
⚫ Gradient of the graph = velocity

Distance-time graph
⚫ Gradient if the graph = speed

Velocity-time graph
⚫ Gradient of the graph = acceleration
⚫ Area under the graph = displacement

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Linear motions equation

1. 𝒗 = 𝒖 + 𝒂𝒕
𝟏
2. 𝒔 = (𝒖 + 𝒗)𝒕
𝟐
𝟏
3. 𝒔 = 𝒖𝒕 + 𝟐 𝒂𝒕2

4. 𝒗2= 𝒖2+2as
5.

2.3 Free Fall Motion

An object experience free fall if the motion of the object is
affected only by gravitational force.
>Not affected by mass and shape of the object
>Assumes that air resistance is zero
>Gravitational acceleration, g = 9.81ms-2

Solving problems related to free failing objects

⚫ 𝒗 = 𝒖 + 𝒈𝒕
𝟏
⚫ 𝑺 = 𝒖𝒕 + 𝟐 𝒈𝒕2
⚫ 𝒗2= 𝒖2+𝟐𝒈𝒔

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2.4 Inertia
The tendency of an object to remain at rest or if moving, to
continue its motion in straight line at uniform velocity.

Newton’s First Law of Motion

⚫ An object which is at rest will remain stationary or a
moving object will move with constant velocity if there
are no external forces acting on it.
Relationship between mass and inertia
⚫ The mass of an object is the quantity of matter contained
in the object.
⚫ The larger the mass of an object, the greater its inertia.

2.5 Momentum
⚫ Product of the mass of an object and its velocity
⚫ Vector quantity
⚫ SI unit: kg m s-1

SI unit
P=mv
P=momentum
m=mass
v=velocity

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Collision and explosion
= 𝑴 𝟏 𝑽𝟏 = 𝑴𝟐 𝑽𝟐
Change of momentum
Mv-mu
Rate of change of momentum
Ma

2.6 Force
Force is push/pull that is exerted on an object to change its
momentum
𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 = resistance force

⚫ Vector quantity
⚫ SI unit: Newton(N)

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

⚫ 𝑭 = 𝒎𝒂
𝑭
⚫ 𝒂=𝒎

Elastic deformation
-The higher the force, the higher the acceleration
-The higher the mass, the lower the acceleration

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2.7 Impulse and Impulsive Force
Rate of change of momentum in collision or impact in a short
period of time

⚫ Impulse
𝑭𝒕 = 𝒎𝒗 − 𝒎𝒖
SI Unit: kg m 𝑠 −1

⚫ Impulsive force
𝒎𝒗 − 𝒎𝒖
𝑭=
𝒕
SI unit: kg m 𝑠 −2

2.8 Weight
Force of gravity acting on the object
⚫ Vector quantity
⚫ SI unit: Newton(N)
𝑾 = 𝒎𝒈
(m= mass, g= gravitational force)

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Weight and Gravitational field
Gravitational field strength is define as the gravitational force
which acts on a mass of 1 kilogram
𝑾
𝒈=
𝒎
(Unit: 𝑚 𝑠 −2 )

Value of g on Earth and Moon

1
The value of gravitational acceleration, g on the moon is 6 the
value of g on the Earth