RESINS IN DENTISTRY

BHAVYA
DEPARTMENT OF CNSERVATIVE DENTISTRY
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
CLASSIFICATION
PROPERTIES OF DENTAL POLYMERS
POLYMERISATION REACTION
STAGES OF POLYMERIZATION
DENTAL RESINS
APPLICATION OF DENTAL RESINS
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
-Resins are compositions of either monomers or macromolecules blended with other
components to provide a material with a useful set of properties.
-Monomer resins are useful in dentistry because they can be shaped and moldedand then
transformed to a solid to take on a permanent shape when they polymerize.
HISTORY
Prior to 1900 -“plastic” materials were developed from natural resins or exudates and
tissues from plants, animals, and insects.
-Shellac
-Guttapercha-Dr William Montomeriefirst introduced gutta-percha
-Natural Rubber (1735)-natural resin exuded from specific trees & has a repetitive
polyisoprenestructure.
-1853-first denture base was constructed from
Vulcanite.
From vulcanite to vinyl, a history of resins in restorative dentistry, Journal of Prosthetic
dentistry, 2001
1910-1950-
-Vernonite (1936)-polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), heat-processed material
-Sevitron (1950)-LD Caulk produced first tooth-colored, direct filling for anterior teeth using
the sulfinic acid system.

1950 –Present-
-Bis-GMA or Bowen’s resin-Dr Rafael Bowen introduced high-molecular-weight,
difunctionalmonomer bis-GMA.
-Composite-contain inorganic fillers. The first uses of composite in paste/liquid form were
developed by
Robert Chang in 1969 and Henry Lee in 1970 commercialised as Adaptic.
CLASSIFICATION
BASED ON ORIGIN-
-Natural resin-Cotton, Wool, Rubber
-Synthetic resin-Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, Nylon
-Semisynthetic-Cellulose, Rayon, Cellophane, Leather

BASED ON THERMAL RESPONSE-

-Thermoplastic-Macromolecule material made of linear and/or branched chains that softens
when heated above the glass-transition temperature (Tg). Thermoplastics can be heated above
the Tg, molded to a new shape, and then cooled below the Tgto retain the new configuration.
Eg-Polystyrene, PMMA, Polyethylene
-Thermosetting-Polymeric material that becomes permanently hard when heated above the
temperature at which polymerization occurs and that does not soften again on reheating to the
same temperature.
(E.g., polyethylene, silicones, cis-polyisoprene, bisphenol a diacrylates, and cross-linked
PMMA)

BASED ON CONTENT OF MAIN CHAIN / BACKBONE-

-Organic-The backbone consists of carbon atoms
-Inorganic-Non-carbon containing backbone. Eg.-Glass, Silicone, Rubber

BASED ON USAGE-
-Plastic
-Elastomers
-FiberEg.-Nylon
-Liquid-Epoxy Resins ( Eg. Adhesives, Sealants)

BASED ON TYPE OF MONOMER-

-Homopolymer-Polymer made of the same type of monomer
1. Linear-A polymer made of the same type of monomer in a chain.
2. Branched-Sequence of the same merunits attached as a graft onto the backbone of a similar
type of merunit.
-Copolymer-Polymer made of the more than one type of monomer (Eg. Acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene)
1. Linear random-Two merunits randomly distributed in the linear chain.
2. Block-Identical monomer units occur in relatively long sequence along the main polymer
chain.
3. Branched or Graft-Sequence of one type of merunit attached as a graft onto the backbone
of a second type of merunit.
4. Cross linked/ Networked-homopolymerwith a cross-linking agent.

BASED ON STRUCTURAL UNITS-

-Vinyl Resins
-Polystyrene
-Acrylic Resins
-Epoxy Resins
REQUISITES FOR DENTAL RESINS
Methacrylate polymers have earned great popularity in dentistry because -
Can be processed easily using relatively simple techniques
Esthetic
Economical

Phillip’s Science of Dental Materials, 12 Edition

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR DENTAL RESINS
MECHANICAL & PHYSICAL PROPERTIES-
Should have sufficient strength and resilience to resist the forces developed by biting,
chewing, and impact and sufficient toughness as well as fracture and fatigue resistance to
maintain form and function
MANIPULATION PROPERTIES-
•should not produce toxic fumes or dust during handling and manipulation.
•easy to mix, insert, shape, and cure, and it must have a relatively short setting time.

•Clinical complications—such as oxygen inhibition, saliva contamination, and blood

contamination—should have little or no effect on the outcome of any handling procedure.
•final product should be easy to polish.
ESTHETIC PROPERTIES-
•exhibit sufficient translucency or transparency so that it can be made to match the
appearance of the oral tissues it replaces.
•should be colorless and capable of being tinted or pigmented.

Phillip’s Science of Dental Materials, 12 Edition

CHEMICAL STABILITY-
Should be chemically stable & inert.
BIOLOGICAL COMPATIBILTY-
Should be tasteless, odourless, nontoxic, nonirritating, and otherwise not harmful to the oral
tissues.
ECONOMICAL COSIDERATION-
Cost of the resin and its processing method should be relatively low, and processing should
not require complex and expensive equipment.

PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES-DEFORMATION & RECOVERY
Forces produce stresses within polymers that cause materials to deform (i.e., undergo strain).-
•Plasticstrain is irreversibledeformation that can’t be recovered &results in a new, permanent
shape.
•Elasticstrain is reversibledeformation & will be quickly & completely recovered when the
stress is eliminated.
•Viscoelasticstrain is a combination of both elastic and plastic deformation, but only
RHEOMETRIC PROPERTIES-
Involves a combination of elastic and plastic deformation followed by elastic recovery after
the stresses are eliminated.
•Plastic flow: Irreversible strain behaviour that occurs when polymer chains slide over one
another& become relocated within the material, resulting in permanent deformation.
•Elastic recovery: Reversible strain behaviour that occurs in the amorphous regions of
polymers when the randomly coiled chains straighten & then recoil.

Elastic recovery: spring like behaviour (rapid and reversible). Chains uncoil, but they
do not slip past one another because of crystalline regions, entanglements, or crosslinks.
Thus, they recoil completely when unloaded.

SOLVATION & DISSOLUTION PROPERTIES-

•The longer the chains, the more slowly a polymer dissolves.

• Polymers tend to absorba solvent, swell, and soften rather than dissolve.
• Crosslinking prevents complete chain separation and retards dissolution.
• Elastomers swell more than plastics.
• Absorbed molecules (e.g., water) spread polymer chains apart and facilitate slippage
between chains. This lubricating effect is called plasticization.
THERMOPLASTIC
Soften on heating & harden on cooling.
No chemical change.
Soluble in organic solvents.
. Linear or branched chains
Eg: Acrylic resin
Impression comp.
THERMAL PROPERTIES-
Higher the temperature, softer & weaker the polymer.
THERMOSET
Final product cannot softened by reheating.
Set by chemical reaction.
Insoluble in organic solvents. Cross-linked.
Eg: resin based composites.
Phillip’s Science of Dental Materials, 12 Edition

The process of converting the monomer to polymer is called polymerization reaction.

Polymerization is defined as a series of reactions by which a macromolecule or “polymer”
is formed from the building blocks of “monomer” molecules.
exothermicin nature.
Polymerization is of two types—
-addition and
-condensation reactions
Polymerization reaction
Phillip’s Science of Dental Materials, 12 Edition

Also known as chain reaction.

Involves joining together of two molecules to form a larger third molecule.
The chain grows from an active centerand builds up indefinitely till the supply of building
blocks (monomers) is exhausted.
No byproductsare formed.
The chain carrier may be an ion or a reactive substance with one unpaired electron called
free radical.
Addition polymerization
Phillip’s Science of Dental Materials, 12 Edition

Polymers with two or more different merunits are called copolymers. The process of the
formation of copolymers is called copolymerization.
Result in formation of polymers with improved mechanical and physical properties.
They show improved impact strength and can modify the adhesive properties of resins as
well as their surface characteristics.
Copolymerization
Phillip’s Science of Dental Materials, 12 Edition

Polymerization occurs in four stages—

Induction,
Propagation,
Chain transfer, and
Termination.

STAGES OF polymerization
Phillip’s Science of Dental Materials, 12 Edition
INDUCTION
Two processes control the induction stage, namely, activation and initiation.
For a polymerization reaction to take place, a source of free radical is required.
Process of activation of free radicals which in turn initiate polymerization.
An initiator is a free radical–forming chemical used to start the polymerization reaction.
An energy source called activator is required to activate the initiator to produce free
radicals.

HEAT ACTIVATION-
-Application of heat (thermal energy) may dissociate the initiator benzoyl peroxide to release
the free radical.
-Between 50°C and 100°C.
CHEMICAL ACTIVATION-
-Two reactants which when mixed together undergo a chemical reaction to generate free
radicals.
-tertiary amine (activator) and benzoyl peroxide (initiator) when mixed together initiate the
polymerization.

LIGHT ACTIVATION-
-Photons from a light source activate the initiator to release free radicals which in turn initiate
the polymerization process.
-UV light in conjunction with a benzoic methyl ether.
Visible light with camphorquinoneand an organic amine.

The free radicals will react with a monomer such as ethylene and initiate the polymerization
process.
When this occurs, the remaining unpaired electron makes the new molecule & a free
radical.
INITIATION
Phillip’s Science of Dental Materials, 12 Edition
PROPAGATION
The free radicals are transferred to the monomer which in turn reacts with other monomer.
Repeating this process again and again generates the polymer chain until the growing
chains collide or all the free radicals have reacted.
Phillip’s Science of Dental
Materials, 12 Edition

CHAIN TRANSFER
The active free radical of a growing chain is transferred to another molecule (monomer or
inactivated
polymer chain) and a
new active free radical
for further growth is
created, resulting in a
new nucleus for
growth.
CHAIN TERMINATION
The chain reactions can be terminated by:

1. Direct coupling of two free radical chain ends or by

2. Exchange of a hydrogen atom from one growing chain to another.
3. Collision of a growing chain with inhibitor.

INHIBITION OF POLYMERIZATION
due to the presence of impurities or presence of oxygen.
IMPURITIES/ RETARDERS-
Prevent the action of the activated initiator or retard the growth of the polymer chain.
Example-Hydroquinone and organic oils (such as Vaseline) react with the activated initiator
(benzoyl peroxide) or activated growing chain and prevent further growth.
OXYGEN-
Reacts rapidly with free radicals and its presence retards polymerization reaction.
Acrylic dental resins
ACRYLIC RESINS-
derivatives of ethylene and contain a vinyl (–C=C–) group in their structural formula:
H2C=CHR
2 acrylic resin series of dental interest.

One series is derived from acrylic acid, CH2=CHCOOH, and the other from methacrylicacid,
CH2=C (CH3) COOH. Both polymerize by addition.
METHYLMETHACRYLATE
The liquid monomer methylmethacrylateis mixed with the polymer, which is supplied in the
powdered form.
Used in making dentures and various removable appliances.
transparent liquidat room temperature.
polymerization of methylmethacrylatecan be initiated by visible light, ultraviolet light, or
heat, most dental products are initiated chemically.
POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE (PMMA)
Transparent resin of water-like clarity that is transparent to light in the visible and
ultraviolet range.
above 125 °C, PMMA begins to depolymerize and forms methylmethacrylatemonomer,
MMA, and at approximately 450 °C, 90% of the polymer will have depolymerized.
tendency to absorb water by imbibition & possesses a high internal energy.
Linear polymer.
MULTIFUNCTIONAL METHACRYLATE & ACRYLATE RESIN
Methacrylate groups are always found at the ends of the chain and at the ends of branching
chains.
Bis-GMA or Bowen’s resin is one of the first multifunctional methacrylate used in
dentistry.
Bis-GMA resin is an aromatic ester of a dimethacrylate, synthesized from an epoxy resin
(ethylene glycol of bis-phenol A) and methylmethacrylate.
Extremely viscous.
URETHANE DIMETHACRYLATE

Main monomer ingredient in composite resin.

Lowers the viscosity and improves the handling properties, reduces the curing shrinkage
and/or residual stress, increases the conversion, and improves the esthetics.

1974-Foster and Walker introduced UDMA

Disadvantage: more brittle more polymerization shrinkage (5-9%)
The incorporation of UDMA produced a higher degree of monomer conversion compared
with BisGMAmonomers.
Dipentaerythiolpenta- acrylate
monophosphate (PENTA-P)

Contains a phosphate group (–O–PO–

[OH] 2) & 5
polymerizableacrylate (CH2=CH–
COO–) groups.
The phosphate group can etch enamel &
dentin surfaces & promote adhesion,
whereas the 5 acrylate groups increase
polymerization reactivity & crosslinking
ability.
Polyacrylic acid (PAA)

 Multifunctional resin to which

hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) has been
grafted.
 Carboxyl groups can etch dentin and enamel by
giving up their hydrogen ions, the molecule becomes
negatively charged & forms bonds with positive
ions present at the tooth surface, such as calcium.
 Polymerization reaction can be initiated by light,
which causes the methacrylate groups to react.

APPLICATIONS OF RESINS IN DENTISTRY

UNFILLED RESINS
PMMA resins are commonly used as denture base materials. Various types are-
Conventional heat cured
Cold cured resin (Pour resin)
High impact acrylic
Injection moldedpolymer
Rapid heat -polymerized polymers
Microwave -polymerized polymers
Light-activated polymer-Consist paste of UDMA monomer with fillers
Fiber-reinforced polymer-Increases fracture resistance
DENTURE LINERS-
Resilient materials
Various types are-
Tissue conditioner
Temporary soft liner
Permanent soft liner
DIRECT FILLING RESIN
Also called Composites/ Composite resins.
A dental composite is defined as “a highly crosslinked polymeric material reinforced by
dispersion of amorphous silica, glass, crystalline or organic resin filler particles and short
fibers bonded to the matrix by a coupling agent”.
-Skinners
COMPOSITION
There are three structural components in dental resin-based composites
1. Continuous phase: Matrix-A plastic resin material
2. Dispersed phase: Filler-Reinforcing particles that are dispersed in the matrix
3. Coupling agent-Bonding agent that promotes adhesion between filler and resin matrix

•Resin matrix
-monomer
-Initiator/activator
-inhibitors
-pigments
•Inorganic filler
-quartz
-colloidal silica
-glass
•Coupling Agent
Activator-initiator system
MONOMERS-
bis-GMA (bisphenol A glycidylmethacrylate)
Urethane dimethacrylate(UDMA)
triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate(TEGDMA)
bisphenol A ethoxylateddimethacrylate(BisEMA)
TRIETHYELENGLYCOLDIMETHACRYLATE (TEGDMA)
di functional monomer which makes the matrix flexible and less brittle.
the reduction in viscosity is significant when TEGDMA is added to bis-GMA.
it is shorter than Bis-GMA so it shrinks more (15%)
Studies have shown that dilution of BisGMAincreases polymerization shrinkage
Bisphenol A ethoxylateddimethacrylate(BisEMA)
Formulations of a material that uses bis-EMA or oxybismethacrylate monomers can
influence handling properties and are said to have lower volumetric shrinkage.
Synthesis and evaluation of novel multifunctional oligomers for dentistry.StansburyJW. J
DENT REST...1992 Mar; 71(3):434-7.
AIM-Photo-cured composites containing either, BIS-GMA, or ethoxylatedbis-phenol A
dimethacrylate(EBPADM) as base resin and TEGDMA as diluent were compared.
RESULT: The resulting diametral tensile and transverse strengths did not differ
significantly, EBPADM-based formulations yielded composites with somewhat greater
toughness than that of the BIS-GMA material. This multifunctional oligomer offers
mechanical strength values that are comparable with those of existing base resin monomers
while providing an approximate 30% reduction in polymerization shrinkage.

INNOVATIONS IN DENTAL COMPOSITES BASED ON MONOMER SYSTEM

 Polycarbonate Dimethacrylate
The cured polymer is a polyester using carbonate (-O-CO-O-) links, to connect the
methacrylate ends to the central section of the monomer.

The formulated composite has been reported to be packable like amalgam, photocurablein
bulk segments, and readily curable without generating high residual shrinkage stress.
Example-“Alert”

High-Molecular-Weight Urethane with a Rigid Central Section and Flexible End

Groups
The cured polymer is a polyester using carbonate (-O-CO-O-) links, to connect the
methacrylate ends to the central section of the monomer.

Reduces curing shrinkage, while the flexible end groups promote reactivity and enhance
monomer-polymer conversion. Eg-Kalore

 Dimethacrylate with a Bulky, Space-Filling Central Group

 Resin product based on 4, 8-di (methacryloxy methylene) - tricyclodecane (TCDDMA), a
bulky, space-filling dimethacrylate monomer.
 Three-ring central group holds the monomers apart and thus slows the rate of
polymerization.
 Example- Venus diamond

 High-Molecular- Weight Phase-

Separating Dicarbamate with
Hydrophobic Side Chains
 A dimer dicarbamate
dimethacrylate (DDCDMA)
product that also contains a bulky
central group.

The chain length between reactive ends is very long (having a molecular weight of 843),
which provides double-bond dilution and hence reduced shrinkage;the bulky centersection
allows greater conversion during copolymerization as well as greater stress relaxation prior to
the gel point.

hydrophobic nature of the centergroup, restricts water absorption and solubility which
partially offsets the polymerization shrinkage.
Example-N Durance

“Silorane” Ring-Opening TetrafunctionalEpoxy Siloxane

Utilizes a combination of epoxy functionality (three-unit ring with two carbons and an
oxygen) combined with siloxane units (–O-Si-O–) that can be cured with low-shrinkage via a
cationic cross-linking mechanism by means of ring-opening polymerization.

 When the rings open, they lengthen and occupy more space leading to low polymerization
shrinkage.
COMPOMER
Contains the major ingredients of composites (resin component) &GiC (Polyalkenoateacid
& glass fillers component) except for water.
Also known as Polyacid Modified Composite Resins or PMCR’s.
Light cured, low fluoride releasing composite
An ion leachable glass embedded in a polymeric matrix.
Resin component-Bulky macro-monomers, such (bisGMA) or UDMA with viscosity-
reducing diluents, such as Triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA).

Strength-
-GiC–140 MPa,
-Composite-300 MPa,
-Compomer-200 –250 Mpa
Example-DYRACT, DYRACT AP,
COMPOGLASS, COMPOGLASS FLOW
Dyractshows fluoride release for more than 12 months and maintains the same rate of
diffusion.

GIOMER

GIOMER is basically a modified GLASS IONOMER.

It is a true hybrid of two compounds, Glass Ionomer and Composite.
Contains pre-reacted glass ionomer (PRG) particles-Fluoroaluminosilicateglass reacted
with polyalkenoicacid.
Silica filled Urethane resin
The properties of GIOMER include fluoride release and fluoride recharging of glass
ionomer and esthetics, ease of polishing, and strength of composite.
Light activated, bonding agent is required.

ORMOCER

Dr.Herbert Wolters from FraunhoferInstitute for Silicate Research introduced this class of

material in 1994.
Acronym of Organically Modified Ceramic
Described as 3-dimensionally cross-linked copolymers.
Composition:
Ceramic polysiloxaneto which polymerisableside chains are added in form of methacrylate
group to react during curing.
It is
synthesised
through a solution and gelation process from multifunctional urethane & thioether (meth)
acrylate alkoxysilanes.
Exhibit low shrinkage, high abrasion resistance, biocompatibility, and protection against
caries.
Its coefficient of thermal expansion is very similar to natural tooth structure.
CEROMER
Ceramic optimized polymer
composed of three-dimensional fine particle ceramic fillers of submicrometersize which are
densely packed (approximately 80% in weight) and embedded in an advanced organic matrix.
Composition-
-Barium glass
-Ytterbium trifluoride
-Silicon dioxide
-Monomer-Dimethacrylate{Bis-GMA & UDMA}
Setting reaction occurs due to polymerization of C=C of methacrylate.
Fluoride release is lower than conventional Glass Ionomer or Compomer.
RESINOUS DIE MATERIAL
The die is usually prepared from an impression and therefore must be able to reproduce the
fine detail that was recorded by the impression material.
RESIN-MODIFIED GYPSUM:
Resin-modified improved die material is a combination of a resin with gypsum.
ADVANTAGES
1. Surface resistance to carving/abrasion
2. Dimensional accuracy
EPOXY RESIN:
These are non-gypsum die materials, supplied as two components—an epoxy resin and a
hardener of amine catalyst.
ADVANTAGES-
Better abrasion resistance, stronger, and less brittle.
DISADVANTAGE-
Polymerization shrinkage (0.2% to 0.6%—linear): Undersize die, hence not as accurate as
stone dies.
Cannot be used with hydrocolloid impression materials as water inhibits the polymerization
reaction.
POLYVINYL SILOXANE DIE MATERIAL-
Flexible elastomeric die material with composition similar to that of polyvinyl siloxane
impression material.
ADVANTAGE-
Does not break and can be easily separated from the Impression.
DISADVANTAGE-
Require a separator to be used with polyvinyl siloxane impression material which may
contribute to inaccuracy and loss of surface details.
RESIN CEMENTS

Resin cements are polymers to which a filler has been added as well as fluoride.
One of the first resin cements was marketed by Dentsply/Caulk under the name Biomer,
around 1987.
COMPOSITION-
UNFILLED RESIN CEMENTS-based on methylmethacrylateand comonomers. Accelerator
and initiator are tertiary amines and peroxide. Setting reaction is accomplished by liberation
of heat and shrinkage of polymer.
FILLED RESIN CEMENTS-
POWDER:
Resin matrix –BIS-GMA, TEGDMA
Inorganic filler –colloidal silica, zirconia filler
Coupling agent –organosilane
LIQUID:
Adhesive monomer -HEMA, 4-META, MDP
Initiator-Benzoyl peroxide
Inorganic fillers-zirconia, silica
Chemical photoinitiators& activators (for improving rheology)

ADVANTAGES-
HYDROPHOBIC-resin cement has a very low (almost zero) water sorption, so it doesn’t
expand over time.
STRENGTH-
The formulation of resin cements makes them strong and long-lasting materials.
ESTHETICS-
Resin cements come in a wide range of shades too, affording doctors the best possible
outcomes.
The nomenclature of the shades can be VITA, which all dentists are familiar with, with
different levels of translucency.
HANDLING-
Resin cements provide that ease of handling while delivering the best conditions for a
restoration.
They also have good followability.
“Followability allows to achieve a low film thickness, which will not interfere in the proper
seating of the crown or restoration that is being cemented
The viscosity of resin cement makes it easy to both handle and place the final restoration.

RESIN MODIFIED GiC

It is a glass ionomer cement in which the acid base setting reaction has been supplemented
by a polymerization reaction of added resin.
Conventional GI chemistry combined with resin technology » creation of RMGI
They contain:
–Powder: Ion-leachable fluoroaluminosilicateglass
–Liquid: Monomers (HEMA), polymeric carboxylic acid, water
–Photoinitiator, Chomphorquinone
There are two forms:
1. Dual Cured: Contains a water-HEMA mixture.
Slow acid-base setting reaction occurs.
2. Tri Cured: Contains modified polyacids with methacrylate side chains which can be light
polymerized.
Chemically initiated reaction occurs.
No or little water is present
USES:
Luting agents
Cavity liner or base
Core build-up material
Direct restorative material
Pit and fissure sealant
Provisional restorative material
Retention of orthodontic brackets
Retrograde root filling material
Root canal sealers
METHACRYLATE RESIN SEALERS
Bondable root canal sealers create monoblock within the root canal space.
CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION-
First Generation-Hydron
-poly [HEMA] is major ingredient.
-injected into root canal and to be polymerized for root canal filling.
Second Generation-EndoREZ
-Non-etching & hydrophilic.
-Doesnotrequire the adjunctive use of dentin adhesive.
-flow into accessory canals & dentinal tubules to facilitate resin tag formationfor retention &
seal after smear layer removal.
Third Generation-FibreFillR.C.S, RealSeal, Epiphany, Smart.

-Used in combination with a self-cured, self-etching primer system.

Fourth Generation-MetaSEAL-dual-cured self-adhesive sealer
-contains acidic monomer 4-META
-bonds to thermoplastic root filling material as well as radicular dentin via hybrid layer.
EPOXY RESIN SEALERS
AH 26 & AH PLUS
OBTURATING RESIN
GUTTA-PERCHA
 Material with minimal toxicity, minimal tissue irritability and is least allergic when
retained within canal system. Therefore, Gutta-percha is the preferred choice as a solid, core

filling material for canal obturation.

RESILON

New synthetic resin based polycaprolactonepolymer which is a biodegradable aliphatic

polysterwith filler particles consisting of bioactive glass, bismuth oxychloride and barium
sulfate.
COMPOSITION-
-25-40% polycaprolactone(PCL) and
-3-10% dimethacrylates
nontoxic, nonmutagenicand biocompatible.
bonds to the sealer by polymerization.

Resin based fiber post

In case of severely mutilated teeth in order to retain the final restoration.
Posts having modulus of elasticity similar to that of dentin are chosen over others for
relatively uniform pattern of stress distribution, dropping the riskof root fracture.
Consists of fibers of carbon or silica bounded by a matrix of polymer resin.
Most of the fiber posts contain epoxy resin or Bis-GMA matrix along with some fillers.
EPOXY RESIN are thermosetting polymers also known as polyepoxide.
Formed by the reaction of an epoxide (base) with polyamine (reactor).
Widely used resin base for the dental fiber posts.
POLYIMIDES consisting of the cyclic imide and aromatic groups in the backbone chains.
Superior physical and mechanical properties through a wide range of temperature and high
resistance to radiation and semiconductor properties.
CONCLUSION
Polymers have a wide application in dentistry ranging from being an auxiliary material to
direct restorative material.
The number of monomers linked during the reaction influences the size, strength, stability,
and biocompatibility of the polymer.
The optimal estheticproperty of the material extends its use in restorative dentistry to
produce artificial substitutes for teeth and associated structures.