1. How long have you been studying abroad/How long did you spend studying abroad?

1 6 years

2 1 year

3 7th year

4 9 years

5 About 6 years

6 4 years

7 5 years

8 Almost 4 years

9 5 years

10 Almost 6 years

11 4.5 years

12 US: 4 years (China, HK 1 year)

13 2 years

14 2 years

15 1 year

16 A half year

17 I have not been studying abroad (global campus)

18 1 year

19 One year

20 10 months

2. Where are you or did you study abroad?

1 Tucson, AZ

2 The UK

3 USA

4 USA

5 Australia

6 USA, then Singapore

7 USA

8 USA

9 USA

10 Tucson, AZ

11 AZ & DC, USA

12 USA

13 Used to be in USA, currently studying in Canada

14 Los Angeles, US

15 England

16 The United Kingdom

17 Leeds

18 Leeds

19 In England
 20 Leeds, UK

3. What were your initial thoughts/opinions toward code-mixing between Chinese and English
before you studying/studied abroad?

1 It seemed very stupid

2 Sounds uncomfortable

3 People just want to show off their English level

4 People finish their studies and come back, still need time to
change the channel.

5 That's literally a common and normal phenomenon

happening everyday. Because we are bilingual. Chinese is
our own language which has a natural tone and is more
familiar with that. Even though it is easier to understand
Mandarin, some words or phrases in English cannot be
translated into Chinese properly. That’s the time that
code-mixing happened, and I think that is a different but good
way for people who have foreign work/study experience to
catch the points pretty better.

6 I felt the code-mixing style was weird and interrupted my

understanding before I studied abroad.

7 It can happen, but it's better to avoid it.

8 I feel like it’s weird when you speak under a code-mixing

model

9 It’s more of a show off instead of the person really did not
know how to say it in Chinese

10 It is normal for people like us studying abroad. Sometimes I

can’t remember how to say the word in Chinese but I know
the English name. However, I do not speak English to my
Chinese friend only if the situation mentioned before
happens.

11 Code-mixing was not in my life before, but I could understand

why international students use it

12 Something multi language speaker should prevent

13 I thought that very few people would use "Code-mixing"

14 Not good, should using one language in a specific situation

15 good and convenient for me

 16 Sometimes it’s more convenient to express ourselves

17 It will be the different experience for me

18 it depends on the habitat (not sure if this person means habit

or context)

19 If someone needs a specific way to express it is OK, but I

don't think it is a way to upgrade his or her expression.

20 "A little bit show-off, not genuine

4. Have your thoughts/opinions toward code-mixing between Chinese and English changed
after studying/studied abroad? Why or Why not?

1 Yes, after I came to the US I realized that it’s a very normal

thing for international students to communicate with each
other. Certain terms can just use English to express

2 Have changed. Because there are some words that my first

reaction will be English rather than Chinese.

3 I can understand why people do that because they speak

English more often and there are some words which in the
English speaking case

4 No. People need time to adapt to the new language

environment.

5 Actually, not much. Like I said before, that’s a more

convenient way to get some information. The difference is the
content. People tend to say some adj. , adv. ,but not that
much, and some usual things and professional words in
English. And that’s literally what I’m experiencing.

6 It's normal among international students. Sometimes we can't

find a proper word for what we want to express. The
code-mixing style helped us to converse, but we can only use
this style when we talk to someone who speaks both Chinese
and English.

7 I think sometimes it is inevitable to mix Chinese and English,

because in some expressions, it is easier to understand
directly using English words.

8 I feel like it's fine in some contexts when you speak under a
code-mixing mode. For example, let's say you're gonna make
a presentation. In Chinese, you feel like you can’t find a word
to describe the word “presentation”. In this situation, you
have to use that pattern to speak and I feel it is totally
 acceptable.

9 NO. Since I had a bad feeling mixing them I try to avoid

mixing

10 Well, when I was in China, my English level cannot support

me.. I know a lot of words when I come aboard. So initially, I
did not have any thoughts about code-mixing before I came
aboard.

11 It didn't change, and I become a part of them. Different

language environment gives me new expression about things
nearby me. Each language has some words that are more
precise in conversation.

12 Not change. There’s still a lot of people have stereotype to

code-mixing speakers for different reasons / a log of people
can not read the language I speak. Language is the tool to
communicate, not barrier. I think it’s fine to use code-mixing
with same background friends, but if I am with some one I
don’t familiar, I won’t use it even we have same education
background since I don’t know his(or her) attitude to
code-mixing.

13 I think it didn’t change my point of view,after my study in

Canada. I think Chinese and English code-mixing is a very
common phenomenon. There are many students from
different countries around me, they often use code-mixing to
prepare speeches

14 Nope. In different language environment, using the proper

language to express. May be difficult but need to try

15 No since you can hardly ever use Chinese when

communicating with other people in a foreign country

16 No. Cuz language habits has been formed.

17 Sometimes we do not know how to express ourselves

18 I think that’s OK

19 It has changed to some extent because we need to describe

many things which are originally occuring in English speaking
countries and need to express it to Chinese friends.

20 Yes. I find myself can’t help to use two languages together

because sometimes I forget how to speak Chinese..

5. How comfortable are you with USING code-mixing between Chinese and English in your
daily life in China when communicating with other Chinese English speakers who have study
abroad experience? (from scale level 1-5, 1 being least comfortable and 5 being most
comfortable)
Level → # of participants
1→1
2→1
3→2
4→9
5→7

6. How comfortable are you with USING code-mixing between Chinese and English in your
daily life in China when communicating with other Chinese speakers who DO NOT have study
abroad experience? (from scale level 1-5, 1 being least comfortable and 5 being most
comfortable)
Level → # of participants
1→6
2→7
3→5
4→1
5→1
7. How comfortable are you with HEARING code-mixing between Chinese and English in your
daily life in China when communicating with other Chinese English speakers who have study
abroad experience? (from scale level 1-5, 1 being least comfortable and 5 being most
comfortable)
Level → # of participants
1→1
2→1
3→2
4→7
5→9
8. How comfortable are you with HEARING code-mixing between Chinese and English in your
daily life in China when communicating with other Chinese speakers who DO NOT have study
abroad experience? (from scale level 1-5, 1 being least comfortable and 5 being most
comfortable)
Level → # of participants
1→2
2→5
3→9
4→1
5→3
9. From your daily experiences, how positive do you think is the mainstream opinion of
code-mixing in China? (from scale level 1-5, 1 being least positive and 5 being most positive)

Level → # of participants
1→1
2→5
3→9
4→5
5→0
*** Level 5 received 0 response ***

10. Briefly explain your reasoning for your selection in the previous question.

1 I would say the attitude is neutral because more people are

becoming okay with that but for people who hate such
behavior would say it’s a really bad habit.

2 Because the student who is studying abroad is still minority in

China, such behavior can only occur in certain
circumstances.

3 There’s not much foreigners like US does, the people have to

speak Chinese

4 Students accept knowledges by key terms and need some

time to translate the English to Chinese.

5 With the same or similar experience, it is not difficult or weird

that we use code-mixing way to communicate. However, it’s
not a good idea to use code-mixing frequently with people
without foreign experience. One is for respect, the other is
that they might not exactly understand what I said without that
experience, which might lead to misunderstanding. And that’s
embarrassed.
6 The code-mixing style may hurt language development.

7 Personally, I am not disgusted with the mixed expression of

Chinese and English, especially when this phenomenon
occurs to people who have studied abroad or have studied in
a full English environment. But I think it’s a little strange for
people who have never had a similar experience to use a
mixture of Chinese and English in their daily conversations.

8 I would say if you did have any experience with study abroad,
you may have the same opinion with me like what I answered
in question 4. That’s why I made the selection for the
previous questions.

9 There are different opinions for people with different

background

10 In Q9, I chose 1. From the social media, especially weibo and

small red book, all the posts I saw about code-mixing were
negative. But in their situation, people use code-mixing in
their daily, casual communication that it is unnecessary. And
people using this are purposing on showing off. I think that’s
the reason why mainstream opinion of code-mixing in China
is so negative. (At least, the posts I saw are negative

11 In many cases, using code-mixing with people who don't

have study abroad experience will be treated as impolite, so I
won't speak any English with "local people".

12 Since I can understand English, it’s fine for me if someone

use code-mixing. However, I will not use it if I am not with my
same education background friends. I still believe the aim for
language is to provide easier communication.

13 I think the probability of Chinese people using Code-mixing is

very high, because friends around me often use code-mixing
unconsciously. Actually, some of the student monitors or
some professors would also use it.

14 Each language has its own language logic.Using few English

words in Chinese is odd, and may misleading the wrong
meanings

15 The way how people with living experiences in foreign

countries use code-mixing is very different from the way how
people without living experience in foreign countries use
code-mixing.

16 t doesn't matter what you say in communication, the most

important thing is that the other person understands you.

17 I do not know how to say about that, but this kind of behavior
is not cool for us
 18 That’s depends on the experience and work conditions

19 If I use code-mixing to chat with friends who did not have

learning experience abroad, probably I need to explain what I
just said, because I don't have a tendency to use English
words in China unless proprietary terms, so I think it can be
used when needed.

20 I got this ‘mainstream opinion’ on media where many people

think so.

11. Are there any additional comments you would like to mention and share with me in terms
of code-mixing between Chinese and English in China?

1 Nope

2 no

3 no

4 Most people does not accept inappropriate code-mixing

5 Sometimes, I’m not using it by purpose. When the words or

phrases are too common use, I cannot even remember the
Chinese name for that items, and then I will use English
version.

6 People should not deteriorate their Chinese or English

expression skills when they use code-mixing between
Chinese and English in China.

7 NO

8 Overall, I feel its fine when you speak with code-mixing.

9 NA

10 I think the situation matters a lot. Like me, I avoid code-mixing

when I talk to my Chinese friends who do not have the
background of studying aboard. But when I talk to my friends
in UA, I use code-mixing and I feel everyone in UA accept
this.

11 None

12 I feel like we learn English hard for getting easier

communication when we study aboard. Money and time are
spent in this process. Not everyone in my home country have
this chance. And they are the majority of the society.

13 Sorry for that, I don’t have more idea about that

14 Nope

15 People who have no experience of living abroad will use a lot

of useless vocabulary when using English, which is more akin
to botched dazzling skills than communication.

16 No

17 No

18 If someone do not speak English you should care about their

feelings

19 Everything is fine out of necessity. There's no need to use

different language only to show that I'm better than others.

20 None