EFFECTIVENESS OF BARANGAY PEACEKEEPING AND SECURITY OFFICER IN

CRIME PREVENTION IN LAPAZ, LEYTE

A Thesis
Proposal Presented to
College of Criminal Justice Education
Visayas State University
Tolosa, Leyte

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Criminology

by
Mark Levi D. Songalia
Raffy S. Amador
Kevin Vergara

March 2022
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Upon the Spaniards' arrival in the late 16th century, they discovered a well-

organized settlement of native Filipinos called "barangays"—the name barangay

which derived from balangay, a Malay word "sailboat" is relatively a small community

of around 50 to 100 families, each is under a Datu leadership or a chieftain. The datu

also serves as the Executive, Legislator, and Chief Justice of the community. It is

also the commander in chief of the armed forces on the battlefield and enables

treatise and truce in foreign affairs (Manarang, 2011).

In modern era, barangay as the Philippine's smallest unit of government, is

under the administration and supervision of cities and municipalities which are

collectively known as Local Government Unit (LGU). It is led by Punong Barangay

which enforces all laws and ordinances; maintains public order; ensures the delivery

of essential services; enforces laws and regulations relating to pollution control

and protection of the environment; adopts measures to prevent and control the

proliferation of squatters; and adopts measures to prevent and eradicate drug

abuse, child abuse, and juvenile delinquency (Punongbayan, 2018).

In every Barangay there is a Barangay Peacekeeping and Security Officers,

traditionally known as Barangay Tanods. It is an unarmed watchmen who fulfills

policing functions within the barangay and plays an important role on the

development and progress of the barangay. They help in maintaining peace and

order in the neighborhoods throughout the Philippines. With the help of the BPSO,
which is considered one of the Barangay Peace and Order Committee (BPOC), they

ensure peace and order to prevail in the barangay (Panelo, 2013).

According to the Local Government Code of 1991, Republic Act No. 7160, the

role of the Barangay Peacekeeping and Security Officers is to assure the peace and

order in the barangay level. Pursuant to DILG Memorandum Circular 2003-042,

professionalizing the BPSO unit to ensure that peace and order and public reference

to public safety. As the basic political unit, the creation of the Barangay Police

Peacekeeping and Security Officers/BPSOs, otherwise commonly known as

“Barangay Tanods,”security are sustained as the key factor in Barangay's growth.

Provided in the DILG's trainers guidebook, the barangay tanod's duties and

responsibilities include: assisting barangay officials in crime prevention and

promoting public safety through patrolling/"ronda", reporting to the offices concerned

of any disruptions or unjust events, tracking the presence and actions of criminals

and illegal elements; assisting police and “lupongtagapamayapa” in the execution of

warrants and other judicial proceedings; and assisting barangay officials in the

enforcement of national and local laws; and other means deemed appropriate in the

prevention of crime. Peace and order is indeed an essential ingredient in maintaining

economic development, social order and political stability.

Thus, in community oriented policing system (COPS), the barangay is the heart

of the policing system. The precincts are located within the community where

policemen and people interact as partners in promoting crime prevention and the

maintenance of peace and order (Kraft, 2010). Based on this concept, the Barangay

Peacekeeping and Security Officers (BPSO) has been created to provide better

police services to the community. The BPSO is then the implementor of Barangay

Peacekeeping Operations (BPO) of the PNP. The BPSO is a national program of the
PNP to encourage people empowerment from the community to address the real-

time response in case a need arises, be it peace and order, security and rescue

related matters (Rochon, 2014).

Moreover, the concept of BPSO basically calls for PNP members to lead in the

fight against all forms of criminality distinct to their areas of responsibility, utilizing the

active participation of the community (Hart, 2013). The community leaders are then

expected to take a unified stand against crimes, violence, and disregard for laws and

commit to crime prevention and control programs (San Juan, 2013).

Barangay, being the basic unit of the local government plays an important role in

the development of our nation. The status of peace and order in a barangay

illuminate that a peaceful barangay is a peaceful country. Peace and order helps to

maintain economic development, social order and political stability (Rodriguez,

2013). However, even if the barangay peacekeeping and security officer or "tanod"

works on voluntary basis, and never hesitate to risk their lives just to ensure safety

and security of the people in their respective barangay, a revamped barangay level

patrol is likely to have decreased effectiveness because maintenace problems had

emerged and/or criminals may find ways to bypass the patrol programs.

The researchers as students of criminology found it interesting to conduct this

study to verify and further strengthen the effectiveness of barangay peacekeeping

and security officer in the performance of crime prevention measures as provided

under the Memorandum Circular 2003-042.

Objectives of the study

In general, this study focuses on the level of effectiveness of Barangay

Peacekeeping and Security Officer in Crime Prevention in Lapaz Leyte.

Specifically, it sought to meet the following objectives:

1. To be able to identify the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of;

1.1. age

1.2. gender

1.3. civil status

1.4. educational attainment and;

1.5. number of year/s in service

2. To be able to determine the level of effectiveness of Barangay Peacekeeping

and Security Officer in crime prevention in terms of the following; as provided

under the DILG Memorandum Circular 2003-042.

2.1. conduct of daytime and nighttime patrol within the barangay.

2.2. conduct of surveillance on crime breeding areas within the barangay.

2.3. receiving and recording emergency call.

2.4. responding to the reported crime immediately.

2.5. securing the crime scene.

2.6. turning over the crime scene to the responding police officer

appropriately.

2.7. detection of any forms of violation that causes hazards in public safety.

2.8. monitoring the presence of suspicious persons within the barangay.

2.9. deployment of personnel in crowded places.

2.10. coordination closely with the barangay officials and the police in the

campaign against criminality.

 3. To be able to determine the significant relationship between the profile of the

respondents and the level of effectiveness of Barangay Peacekeeping and

Security Officer in crime prevention.

4. To be able to propose necessary remedial measures that could uplift the level

effectiveness of barangay peacekeeping and security officer in crime

prevention.

Scope and Delimitations

The focus of this study is to determine the level of effectiveness of the

Barangay Peacekeeping and Security Officer (BPSO) in the performance of crime

prevention measures as provided under the DILG Circular 2003-42. This study will

be conducted in the selected barangay of La Paz, Leyte such as Poblacion Dist. 1,

Buracan, and Sta. Ana. A total of thirty (30) BPSO will be the respondents of the

study with the use of rule of thumb. The researchers will use descriptive research

design. Survey questionnaire is the main tool of this study.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined either conceptually or operationally to give a

better understanding of the meaning as they are used in the study.

Barangay Peacekeeping and Security Officer (BPSO). Found at the lowest level
of law enforcement pillar that was organized to assist the government in the
maintenance of peace and order in the country.
Crime Prevention. This includes strategies and measures to intervene and reduce
the commission of crime that could potentially bring harm on individuals and society.

Department of Interior and Local Government Memorandum Circular 2003-042.

Guidelines on profesionalizing Barangay Peacekeeping and Security Officer.

Level of Effectiveness. Specific percentage of functionality that a particular method

or thing has achieved.

UN EDITED

Significance of the Study

This study would be beneficial to the following individuals:

BPSO’s. The result of this study will conclude what would be the need of the
Barangay Peacekeeping and Security Officers to develop and enhance for the
effectiveness of their performance in preventing crime.

Barangay Officials.

Law Enforcer.

The Community.

Future Researchers. The study would serve as a reference material for

those students who would like to conduct similar or related study. This may help as a
guideline to those who plan to conduct a research which is relevant to the study. This
may also give additional awareness that could be given to students. It will also be a
source for expansion of knowledge on this field so they may further studies and
ideas that could be applied. The outcome of the study will serve as guide for them in
making further investigations for the effectiveness of the BPSO in preventing crime
and promoting peace and order.
Theoretical Framework

The theories that support this study are Routine Activities Theory, Symbolic
Interaction Theory and Social Control Theory.

Based on the Routine Activity Theory of Cohen and Felson (1979), crime occurs
when the three elements converge: (1) a motivated offender (2) a suitable target (3)
the absence of a capable guardian." All three must come together in order for
criminal activity to be realized. Routine Activity Theory relies on the same rational
choice methodology as situational crime prevention technique.

There are practitioners like barangay peacekeeping and security officer have applied
routine activities theory in applying some practices and preventive strategies in
conducting daytime and nighttime patrol/ronda. The presence of community based
patrol, which basically refer to BPSO, is held to deter individuals from offending.
These physical security measures help limit an offender’s access to suitable targets.
The essential aspect of routine activities theory is the interaction of motivation,
opportunity and targets. In this way, the presence of BPSO's will deter most
offenders, rendering even attractive targets off limits. Therefore, the presence of
opportunity coupled with a lack of guardianship increases criminal motivations and
the likelihood of an offence taking place

In the Social Control Theory, Durkeim states that "We are moral beings to the
extent that we are social beings” (Durkheim 2002, p. 64). In his view, crime serves
the function of identifying boundaries for behavior, which are recognized collectively
in communities and reinforced by negative societal reactions. Social order is thereby
maintained by the process of being socialized to avoid disapproval associated with
deviant acts. This process also is the means by which boundaries are altered and
social change occurs.

Social Control Theory relates on how the authorities can prevent a crime to
occur. It is an important matter to know the whole community and its people
including areas where crime is at peak so that they will think for the necessary and
efficient strategies within their communities. They should know to connect with the
people and establish an initial rapport with the people within the community in order
to build a positive and progressive relationship among them.
 Based from the Symbolic Interaction Theory of Mead (1934), self-arose through
social processes, or social experiences, which involved play, game and generalized
other. A person's self is generated when an individual takes the attitude of other
 Profile of the
peoplerespondents
in the group around him or her (whom Mead called the generalized other)
 Level of
and super imposes those attitudes upon behavioral patterns. A person will generally
effectiveness
of Barangay
behavePeacekeeping
in a manner that is consistent with the way in which that person believes
 Descriptive
and Security Correlation
others Officer
view on him
in
or her. Method using
crime questionnaire Proposed necessary
prevention as  Gathering of Data remedial measures
Therefore, this theory pertains to the interaction between self and society and that is
provided  Analysis of Data
how the BPSO'sthe
under and the people within the communityofinteract with each other. There
 Interpretation
DILG Data
must be a positive relationship among them but not to the extant that he/she will
Memorandum
Circular 2003-
tolerate042.
a bad behavior of his/her fellowmen. It is extremely important for everybody
to be treated justly in order to have a peaceful community.

Conceptual Framework

This framework shows the Effectiveness of Barangay Peacekeeping and

Security Officer in Crime Prevention Lapaz, Leyte as the core of the study using a

descriptive method using questionnaire.

INPUT PROCESS
OUTPUT
 Figure 1: Shows the research flow

This study employed the IPO model or Input-Process-Output model. It shows

the flow of the research. In the first box is the “Input” wherein it include the

demographic profile of the respondents, level of effectiveness of Barangay

Peacekeeping and Security Office in crime prevention as provided under the DILG

Memorandum Circular 2003-042. On the “Process,” it include the method and steps

used in the study. Lastly, the “Output” shows the recommendation or the proposed

necessary remedial measures.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Presented in this chapter are different literatures and studies gathered from
online resources used by the researchers for the effectiveness of this paper in order
to have a more accurate and sufficient study. Those that are included in this chapter
helps in familiarization information that are significant and similar to the present. This
study discussed some of the previous researcher or journals conducted in the past
and relate them to the present study about the "Effectiveness of Barangay
Peacekeeping and Security Officers in Crime Prevention in Selected Barangays of
La Paz, Leyte", this would help the researchers and the readers to obtain a better
understanding and perspective about the study.

Related Literature

Related Studies

In the study “Peace and Order Keeping for Security: Barangay Level” by
Estonio, (2014) Different operations, strategies and process under the peace and
order committee have been identified.  Also the capacity of the Barangay Peace and
Security Officer is described in terms of manpower and availability of
equipment/materials. There is a partnership with nongovernmental organization and
community organization which is a form of decentralization. Governance can also be
considered in this partnership since TODA which can be considered a part of the civil
society is involve in the management of the peace and order in the barangay. All
barangays have basic equipment such as radio for communication, vehicles (bike,
tricycle, multicab) for response/patrol, flashlights, handcuffs, teaser, batuta and
CCTV cameras.  All the Barangay studied use Radio as a way of communication for
cost effectiveness. The head of the peace and order committee of the UP Village
discussed that Radio is ideal compared to other means of communication such as
Cellular Phones. He explained that if the BPSO will use Cellular mobiles there will be
a need for loading which required spending every time the load is used up. This
patrol system show one of the processes and strategies of the BPSO in maintaining
the peace and security in the barangay. Patrol system can either be done by foot or
with Vehicle. Police Visibility and quick response are the main objectives of the
BPSO in performing patrols. 

In a study in the Municipality of Bontoc in Mountain Province, Vicente (2019)

entitled “Crime Prevention Program of an Upland Municipality in the Philippines”
focused on the domestic crime prevention programs, the implementation of police
and public officials' crime prevention efforts, and the extent of participation of the
residents of the same place. It revealed that indigenous crime prevention practices in
Bontoc include "pechen” system, “ator” system, “maipaila” system, and “fagfaga"
system. These practices were used as a means of crime prevention and indigenous
prosecution that is primarily grounded in their culture. With the involvement of the
community, crime prevention has become everybody's business. To further
strengthen the awareness and participation of the community on crime prevention, a
Presidential Proclamation No. 461 dated August 31, 1994, declared every first week
of September annually as a national crime prevention week. Everybody is advised to
be involved in implementing the programs and activities on crime prevention. During
one celebration of the crime prevention week with the theme “Sa Crime Prevention,
May Magagawa Ako” Benguet Gov. Nestor Fongwan capitalized on the importance
of peace and love, starting in the family, which eventually spread to the community
as an instrument in winning the fight against crime.

According to the study entitled “Performance of Barangay Police Security

Officer (BPSO) or Tanod in Maintaining Peace and Order” by of Cruz, (2020), the
performance of barangay police security officer of their duties and responsibilities as
enumerated in accordance under DILG MC No. 2003-042; Under the first duties and
responsibilities of barangay tanodwere being performed Always (A) as assessed by
the barangay constituents and barangay officials. Second, 4 out of 5 enumerated
sub items were described as being performed Always (A) and 1 out of 5 was
performed Most of the Time (MT). 5 out of 5 enumerated sub items were described
as being performed Most of the Time (MT). The #3 duties and responsibilities of
barangay tanod, assesses by the barangay constituents and barangay officials were
being performed Always (A). Under the fourth duties and responsibilities of barangay
tanod, barangay constituents answers implies that 4 out 5 enumerated sub items
were described as being performed Always (A) and 1 out of 5 was performed Most of
the Time (MT) while barangay officials answers implies that this item were being
performed Always (A). Number 5 duties and responsibilities of barangay tanod,
shows that 4 out 5 enumerated sub items were described as being performed
Always (A) and 1 out of 5 was performed Most of the Time (MT) while barangay
officials’ answers under this item had a verbal interpretation as being performed
Always (A). Under #6 duties and responsibilities of barangay tanod, wherein the
constituents’ answered that in 4 out of 5 enumerated sub items were being
performed Always (A) and 1 out of 5 which described as being performed Most of the
Time (M). Under the number 8 duties and responsibilities of barangay tanod,
barangay constituents answered on 2 out 5 enumerated sub items having a verbal
interpretation of being performed Always (A) and 3 out of 5 were being performed
Most of the Time (MT), while the barangay officials answered on 4 out 5 enumerated
sub items had a verbal interpretation as being performed Always (A) and 1 out 5
enumerated sub items were described being performed most of the Time (MT).
The#9 to #12 duties and responsibilities of barangay tanod were being performed
Always (A) as assessed by both the barangay officials and constituents.

In a study of Aydinan (2021) entitled “Determinant Mapping on the Knowledge

of Barangay Police Safety Officers on Their Duties and Responsibilities in San
Roque, San Isidro, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Re-Engineering Action Programs
through Suc Intervention” Barangay enforcers are in the vanguard of the effort to
maintain peace and order in every barangay in the country. This paper was written to
explore the level of knowledge of barangay police safety officers in the performance
of their duties and responsibilities. Based on the data gathered, the respondents are
highly knowledgeable when it comes to their duties and responsibilities. The
respondents professed that they are highly knowledgeable about their role as first
responders. Allegedly, they are likewise highly knowledgeable in patrolling and
hazard identification duties. That being said, it is highly suggested that the proposed
training plan be funded and implemented to improve the barangay enforcers’
knowledge and skills in the areas highlighted as needing improvement.
 According to the study of Togado (2019) entitled “Training Needs Assessment
of Barangay Tanod: Basis for Criminology Extension Services” The findings revealed
that the training and seminar needs of Barangay Tanod are the following: how to
make spot report, trafficking in person, investigation, how to make blotter reports,
self-defense, first aid, security and safety, rescue and operation, search and rescue,
firefighting, and patrol. It was concluded that the Barangay Tanod needs the
following trainings based on the result and it was recommended that the College of
Criminal Justice Education would make a comprehensive project proposal and
budgetary requirements to propose and to conduct trainings based on the needs of
Barangay Tanod, and may extend their services in Barangay Tanod choosing them
as an adopted community of the College of Criminal Justice Education in their
extension services.

Director General Nicanor A. Bartolome, Chief of the Philippine National Police

(PNP), ordered all policemen were doing office work to go out and render at least
four hours of security patrols in their areas of jurisdiction. "They will now be
conducting patrol before they go to the office and before they go home," said
Bartolome. The target crime will be from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. inthe morning and
from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. in the afternoon.

According to Bartolome, the PNP objective is to make use of that crime on matters
that need the police concerns most, which is patrolling the streets". It was
implemented by Bartolome in Metro Manila while he was director of the National
Capital Region Police Office (NCRPO). After the assessment that it was effective,
Bartolome said he wants to implement it across thecountry because aside from
police officers doing office work, he said some policemen in otherunits would also be
required to conduct beat patrol.However, it clarified that only those assigned in areas
where the threat of big rebel groups like communist and Moro rebels will be tapped
for patrol. "Some of those assigned in internalsecurity operations will be used for
visibility because we all know that it is an essential component to prevent crime,"
said Bartolome.

Ralph, Barr, Theresa (2013), in a survey study of police officers in Alabama, this
paper assesseshow demographic factors of police officers, their reception of training
on cultural diversity, andthe awareness of their department's written policy on bias-
based policing are related to theirpercepon of bias-based policing practices in their
department. Officers with a younger agegroup, higher education, and longer work
experience in the department are more likely to saythat they have witnessed bias-
based policing practices as compared with their counterpartswith the older age
groups, lower education, and shorter work experience

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter present the discussion of the research design, research

respondents, research locale, research instrument, procedure in gathering data,
methods of scoring, and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

The descriptive method of research was used in this study because it involves
description, recording, analysis and interpretation of condition that really exists. It is
appropriate to use descriptive method in gathering information about the present
existing condition (Creswell, 2014). This research design is suitable to measure the
effectiveness of BPSOs in performing their duties to prevent crimes and promote
peace and order in the community.

Research Instrument

The main instrument of this study is Survey Questionnaire. A Survey

Questionnaire is a research tool used to conduct surveys. It is defined as the set of
questions that provides information from a sample of individuals through their
responses to questions (Check & Schutt, 2012). The question should always remain
as unbiased as possible (Amarsan, 2021). The survey questionnaire consists of four
(4) parts. The first part will be demographic profile of the respondents. These are the
following; age, gender, civil status, educational attainment, number of years in
service. The second part will be the list of questions regards with the duties and
responsibilities of BPSOs, the third part will be the set of questions regarding the
plans and strategical methods imposed by BPSOs in the prevention of crimes, and
the last part will be the set of questions regarding the coordination of BPSOs to
barangay officials and law enforcement officers in the conduct of duties and
responsibilities.

Adapted a four-point scale to quantify the respondent's responses in each item and
as follows.

NO. MEAN RANGE DESCRIPTIVE

SCALES

4 3.50-4.00 Very Effective

3 2.50-3.49 Capable and Effective

2 1.50-2.49 Somewhat Effective

1 1.00-1.49 Needs Development

Research Respondents

The respondents of this study will be the selected thirty (30) Barangay Tanods
from the selected barangay of La Paz, Leyte. This includes Barangay Poblacion
District 1, Sta. Ana, and Buracan. The researchers choose respondents from La Paz,
because of large number of barangay tanods which is helpful to gather enough
information for our study and that could suffice our target number of data. Thirty (30)
Barangay Tanods will be randomly selected by the researchers with the use of the
“rule of thumb”. Rule of the thumb is a heuristic guideline that provides simplified
advice or some basic rule set regarding a particular subject or course (Chen, 2021).
Typically, rule of thumb develops as a result of practice and experience rather than
scientific research or theoretical foundation.

The breakdown of respondents is as follows:

 Selected Number of
Barangay of Barangay
La Paz Tanod who will
be respondents

Pob.Dist.1 7

Sta. Ana 13

Buracan 10

Total: 30

Research Locale

This study will be conducted at the selected barangay of La Paz, Leyte,

namely Barangay Poblacion District 1, Barangay Sta. Ana, and Barangay Buracan.
The locale of the study was made clearer and more understandable through the
diagram shown in Figure A.
Legend: Poblacion District 1 Brgy. Santa Ana Brgy. Buracan

See in Figure A. The location of Municipality of La Paz, Leyte. Specifically, Brgy.

Poblacion District 1, Brgy. Bungtod, and Brgy. Sta. Ana.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will ask permission through a written letter to the three (3)
Barangay Chairman/Chairwoman for the conduct of the study and to administer the
survey questionnaire in their respective barangay. Another written letter of
permission will be given to the respondents. After obtaining permission, the
researcher will personally administer the survey questionnaire to the target
respondents. The researchers will inform the respondents the nature and the
purpose of the survey, and the data that is collected will be strictly treated and kept
with confidentiality. The researcher will also personally retrieve the entire survey
questionnaire and the data.
Methods of Scoring

To facilitate data analysis and to arrive at a definite interpretation of result, the

following mean ranges are assigned corresponding to the scales identified in the
questionnaire. This will be done using the following methods of scoring.

Establishing the respondent’s profile. The data will be gathered from the
BPSO in selected barangay of La Paz, Leyte, in order to arrive a definite
interpretation. The following mean ranges will be established.

Age: Classify based on age group

No. SCALE RANGE DESCRIPTION

1 1.00-1.49 26-30

2 1.50-2.49 31-35

3 2.50-3.49 36-40

4 3.50-4.49 41-45

5 4.50-5.49 46 -50

6 5.50-6.00 51 and above

Gender: dichotomized by male and female.

Civil Status: Dichotomized by single, married, widowed.

Educational Attainment: Dichotomized by elementary, high school, college,

undergraduate

Number of years in service: Classify based on duration of experience as

BPSO.

No. SCALE RANGE DESCRIPTION

1 1.00-1.49 1-3 years

2 1.50-2.49 4-6 years

 3 2.50-3.49 7-9 years

4 3.50-4.49 10-12 years

5 4.50-5.00 12 years and above

Questions tackling the basic functions and responsibilities of barangay

peacekeeping and security officers. The researchers will use a scale to interpret
the data.

No. SCALE RANGE DESCRIPTION

1 1.00-1.49 Very Effective

2 1.50-2.49 Capable and Effective

3 2.50-3.49 Somewhat Effective

4 3.50-4.00 Needs Development

Questions tackling the plans and strategical methods of BPSO in the

prevention of crimes. The researchers will use a scale to interpret the data.

No. SCALE RANGE DESCRIPTION

1 1.00-1.49 Very Effective

2 1.50-2.49 Capable and Effective

3 2.50-3.39 Somewhat Effective

4 3.50-4.00 Needs Development

Questions tackling the coordination in the conduct of duties and

responsibilities of BPSO. The researchers will use a scale to interpret the data.
 No. SCALE RANGE DESCRIPTION

1 1.00-1.49 Very Effective

2 1.50-2.49 Capable and Effective

3 2.50-3.49 Somewhat Effective

4 3.50-4.00 Needs Development

Statistical Treatment of Data

The responses of the respondents are tabulated according to the nature of

specific question asked. The demographic profile of the respondents is centered on
the age, gender, civil status, educational attainment, and number of years in service.
The duties and responsibilities of the BPSO, the plans and strategical methods in
preventing crimes and the coordination in the conduct of duties and responsibilities.

Frequency tally and the percentage are used to determine each variable.

The following formula is used:

f
P= x 100
N

Where:

P = Percentage of frequency

f = Frequency of items given

N = total number of respondents

Weighted mean for each item will be computed using the formula:
 ❑
∑ fx
x= ❑
N
Where:

N = total number of respondents

f = frequency

x = weighted mean

Chapter IV

Presentation and Interpretation of Data

This chapter contains the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data

based on the objectives of the study.

Profile of the Respondents

The profile of the respondents was determined to identify the age, gender,
civil status, highest educational attainment, umber of experience in service of the
BPSO.

Table 1: Age range of the BPSOs

Age Number of Respondents Percentage Rank

26-30 3 10% 5

31-35 6 20% 3

36-40 8 27% 1

41-45 7 23% 2

46-50 5 17% 4

51 and above 1 3% 6
 Based on Table 1 which is the age range of respondents, out of thirty (30)
BPSOs, three (3) of them has age range of 26-30 which is 10% of the total with rank
5 of 6, Six (6) of them has age range of 31-35 which is 20% of the total with rank 3 of
6, eight (8) of them has age range of 36-40 which is 27% of the total with rank 1 of 6,
seven (7) of them has age range of 41-50 which is 23% with rank 2 of 6, five (5) of
them has age range 46-50 which is 17% with rank 4 of 6, and lastly, one (1) out of
thirty (30) respondents has age range of 51 and above fifty three (53) to be exact
which is 3% with rank 6 of 6. This implies that majority age range of respondents
was 36-40 years old and 51 years old and above was the lowest.

Table 2: Gender of the BPSOs

Gender Number of Respondents Percentage

Male 28 93.33 % or 93%

Female 2 6.66% or 7%

Presented in table the gender of the respondents which are categorized by

male and female. Out of thirty (30) respondents which is 100%, twenty-eight
respondents was male which is 93%, and two (2) respondents was female which is
6.66% or 7% of the total respondents.

Table 2: Civil Status of the BPSOs

Civil Status Number of Respondents Percentage

Single 19 63.33% or 63%

Married 9 30%

Widowed 2 6.66% or 7%
 Table 3 shows the civil status of the respondents which are categorized by
single, married and widowed. Nineteen (19) of the respondents are single which is
63% out of 100%, nine (9) of them are married which is 30%, and two of them are
widowed which is 7%. This implies that the majority of the respondents are single.

Table 4: Educational Attainment of BPSOs

Education Level Number of Percentage Rank

Respondents

Elementary 8 26.66% or 27% 2

High School 16 53.33% or 53% 1

Undergraduate 6 20% 3

Table 4 shows the educational attainment of the respondents which are

categorized by elementary, high school and undergraduate. Eight (8) of the
respondents are elementary graduate which is 27% out of 100% rank as 2 of 3,
Sixteen (16) of them are high school graduate which is 53% rank as 1 of 3, and six
(6) of them are undergraduate which is 20% rank as 3. This implies that most of the
respondents are high school graduate and the least are the undergraduate.

Table 5: Number of Years in Service of the BPSOs

Number of years in Number of Percentage Rank

service respondents

1-3 years 12 40% 1

4-6 years 9 30% 3

7-9 years 4 13.33% or 13% 4

10-12 years 3 10% 5

12 years and 11 36.66% or 37% 2

above
 Table 5 shows the number of years in service of the respondents. Out
of thirty (30) respondents, twelve (12) of them which is 40% of 100% serve for
almost 1-3 years as BPSO and rank as 1 out of 5, nine (9) of them which is 30% of
100% serve for almost 4-6 years as BPSO and rank as 3 out of 5, four (4) of them
which is 130% of 100% serve for almost 7-9 years as BPSO and rank as 4 out of 5 ,
three (3) of them which is 10% of 100% serve for almost 10-12 years as BPSO and
rank as 5 out of 5, and lastly eleven (11) respondents which is 30% of 100% serve
for almost 12 years and above as BPSO and rank as 2 out of 5. This implies that
most of the respondents serve for almost 1-3 years as BPSOs in their respective
barangays and the least serve for almost 10-12 years as BPSOs.

Duties and Responsibilities of BPSOs

Basic functions and No. of Percentage Weighte

responsibilities of BPSO Respondent d mean
s

VE CE S N
E D

1. Conduct of daytime and 30 87 13 0 0

night time patrol/ronda in % % % %
the barangay.
2. Responding to an 30 90 10 0 0
emergency or crisis within % % % %
the area of responsibilities.
3. Detecting all forms of fire 30 60 40 0 0
hazards and other public % % % %
safety hazards/violations
and to institute corrective
measure with their
capability.
4. Conducting surveillance on 30 73 27 0 0
crime breeding areas within % % % %
the barangay/purok and
report their
observations/findings to the
proper authorities.
5. Receiving and recording an 30 30 70 0 0
emergency call. % % % %

6. Responding to the crime 30 80 20 0 0

scene immediately. % % % %
 7. Securing the crime scene. 30 40 60 0 0
% % % %

8. Managing the traffic in a 30 37 63 0 0

vehicular accident. % % % %

9. Calling the police 30 70 30 0 0

immediately. % % % %

10. Turning over the crime 30 77 23 0 0

scene to the responding % % % %
police officers.

Plans and Strategical Methods in the Prevention of Crimes

Plans and strategic Number of Percentage Weighted

methods imposed by unit respondents Mean
in preventing criminality
and maintaining peace and VE CE SE ND
order within community

1. Use 30 87% 13% 0% 0%

weapon/equipment
in times of
patrol/ronda
2. Monitoring the 30 87% 13% 0% 0%
presence of
suspicious persons
and places in the
community
3. Visits houses and 30 23% 63% 13% 0%
place of works.
4. Deployment of 30 60% 30% 10% 0%
personnel in
crowded places
5. Installation of CCTV 30 0% 13% 13% 73%
cameras in crime
zone areas
6. Detect all forms of 30 60% 40% 0% 0%
fire hazards and
other public safety
hazards / violations
and to institute
corrective measure
with their capability
7. Detect any forms of 30 73% 24% 3% 0%
 violation that causes
hazards in public
safety
8. Undergo training in 30 60% 40% 0% 0%
emergency
response.
9. Uses of two-way 30 50% 47% 3% 0%
radio, cellular phone
or telephones as a
means of
communication.
10. Have an available 30 70% 30% 0% 0%
two-way radio or
phones on their
pocket to be used
when confronted
with emergency.

Coordination in the Conduct of Duties and Responsibilities

In your drive against all Number of Percentage Weighted

forms of crimes, how do Respondents Mean
you coordinate with the
barangay officials and the
police to apprehend and VE CE SE ND
prevent these crimes to
happen in your area of
responsibility

1. Coordinate closely 30 63% 37% 0% 0%

with the barangay
officials and police / 
local authorities in
the drive against all
forms of crimes
such as terrorism,
smuggling,
carnapping, drug
trafficking, drug
pushing, illegal
gambling, child
abuse, crime
against women, all
forms of vices and
syndicated crimes
2. Coordinates with 30 73% 27% 0% 0%
the BFP in
 conducting program
regarding the Fire
Code of the
Philippines in the
barangay
3. Coordinate closely 30 63% 37% 0% 0%
with the barangay
officials and
police/local
authorities in
combatting any form
of crimes and
delinquency in the
community
4. Coordinate closely 30 53% 47% 0% 0%
with the barangay
officials and the
police in the
campaign against
crime
5. Assist the police 30 57% 43% 0% 0%
and the barangay
officials in the
execution of
warrants within the
barangay
6. Assist the police 30 37% 63% 0% 0%
and the lupong
tagapamayapa in
the execution of
warrants and other
judicial processes
such as tracking the
whereabouts of
missing persons, in
arresting escaped
prisoners and other
fugitives from
justice, and in the
recovery of stolen
properties
7. Assist in the 30 70% 30% 0% 0%
institutionalization of
PATROL “117”
Programs
8. Assist in the 30 77% 23% 0% 0%
implementation of
the Fire Code of the
Philippines
9. Assist in facilitating 30 63% 37% 0% 0%
smooth flow of
traffic
10. Assist the barangay 30 70% 30% 0% 0%
officials in the
prevention of crime
and the promotion
of public safety