Pagel ALL PROOFS OF TRIGONOMETRY By SIR ZAIN +d Sllideny , "a G, R28 SEC 15Al BUFFER ZONE § 03122930884 3 fb.comisirzain.pkPage |2 ROO, OF TRIGONOMETR, Fundamental Law: Consider a unit circle with centre at O(0,0) as shown in figure. . . \ . ta 1) Let P(cosB, sin) and Q{coscr, sina) be an We have distance formula as: d=V(%2 — 4)? + O2— ni)? Here PQ = /(cosa — cos] Now rotate the axes. ina — sinB)™ ive direction of ses through the point P. o (cos(a — 8), sin(a — 8))Q fo this coordinate system, the coordinates of P and Q become (1,0) and (cos(« ~ f), sin(a ~ f)) $0,PQ =¥ | costa =f) — 1)" + [Gin(a@=B)— 0) | Comparing (1) and (2), we get (cosa = cosp)? + (sina —sinp®_ = (Toosta—A) — 1] + [sint@—A)— OF or (cosa — cosB)? + (sina —sinB)* = [cos(a—B)—1]* + [ (sin(a—g) — 0)]? or costa ~ 2coser.cosp + cosef + sin2« - 2sinazsing + sin2B = cos*(« — 8) - 2cos(a — B) + 1+ sin(a — B) or _ sin’a+ costa ~ 2cosa.cosf ~ 2sina.sinf + sin’B + cos*f = sin*(a — f)+ cos*(a — f) + 1 ~ 2costa — B) or 1~2cosacosB ~ 2sina.sinf + 1=1+1-2cos(a— B) or = 2cosa.cosf - 2sinazsing = - 2cos(a — B) Dividing by -2, we get or — cose.cosf + sina.sing = cos(« ~ B) (2)Page |3 Hence, fos(a =f) = cosa.cosp + sina.sing] Law _ of sin: Statement: Law of Sine states that in a triangle measure of the sides are proportional to sine of the angle opposite to theses i abe sides as sag "aay tay Proof: We place a ABC in x-, y- coordinate system such that C(0,0) is at the origin and B(2,0) on positive x-mas shown in the figure. As cos(180° 7) = Cos180°.cosy - sin180°siny == > cosy <= EL =bsin oy per sin(180®-y) = 2 sin80° cosy ~ cos180° siny == = siny == [at = siny So the coordinates of A are (b.cosy, b.siny) Now, If Bis taken at the origin So, similarly coordinates of A aredc.cosf, c.sinB) AL, same,Page |4 Law _of Cosine: ¢ +b? ~2abcosy Pree: we place a ABC in x-, y- coordinate system such that C(0,0) is at the origin and 8(a,0) on positive x-axis as shown in the figure. yy ata We have, cos(180° - y) hyp IE Cost80cosy + sint80%siny == = E b.cosy| And sin(180°- y) Sin180° cosy -cost80siny = =z siny bssin So, coordinates of Aare (b.cosy, b.siny) We have distance formula as: d= V(t = 1)? + O2 = 1)? Here AB = c= /(bcosy — a)? + (bsiny — 0% Squaring both sides Cap? =2 Prove that: A= /s(s— a)(s— b\(s—o) Proof: wehave a = tacsing a= t acsin(§) 2 acxzsicoe® [using stx=2simcose aPage |5 eraara 4, HD = (sts — al(s— bys — 0) = ys(s—a)(s ~ b)(s =) Gircom-cirele: circle circumscribing A is called the circum-circle OR the circle touching + vertices of Ais called circum-circle. Its centre is known as circum centre and radius is known as circum radius denoted by R. zac a» e« Prove that: R= 5rira = Zing = Hainy Proof: Let ‘0’ be the circum-centre of the circle of ABC. Join O and B and then produ! BO to D. Join C and D. Then BD = 2. Ifthe Ais acute then m B= Fn l2(s-al] a= Fnl2G-a)] m(s-a) ni(s-a) ‘2 Hence, ne Prove that: r= 5-5 Proofs consider 2 ABC in which the e-circle is oppo: B whose radius is r and cen} is I, Join LA, 138, |Page |7 Prove that Proof: C whose radius is rs and centre of circle is I. Join laA,laB, IC. s-e consider a ABC in which the e-circle is opposite to vertex Then, AABC = AI;CA+A1;BC-A1,AB a Stee Say tem * bts zan- yeh = dn(b+a-e) ——(1) dsvee Qs=atb+e 2s-2e=a+b+c-2c As-c)=arb-c (> A= Fm l2l(s-e)] A= Fn l2ls-c)] a= nls-c) A= 1,(s-c) ne Prove that: Proof: As Cosine law says, a! So, 2be.cosq using: 1—cosx = 2sin® 3] (arb Ola ~ (v= 6) 2be (axe -o(a+e-b) 2be Ys—2e=atb+e~2 Pis—c)= a+ b—- And 252b=a+bre~2 Bis-b)=a+c— ve. 2b x2 (> sink = MEBs? dx¢ be sin’Page |8 bint | vs=6 Hence, 7 Prove that: sin B= [0-8 2 be Proof: As Cosine law says, b’= a4 c?—2acx cos So, 2ac x cosf =a?+c?—b? cose = te Subtracting from both sides 1-cosp = 1-2 2sintf = Zero lusing: 1-cosx= 2sin? 2B. woabtacnet pent ee 2sintl 528 asin? (s-a)(s-b) ab As Cosine law says, ¢’ = a°+ b?~ 2abx cosy So, 2acx cosy = a7+b?— cosy 2ab ‘Subtracting from both sides oy Steet 1-cosy = 1- SH aba? bh 2 2sin’l [using: 1 - cosx = 2sin’ 3]Page |9 et (a 2ab +62) z Zab (an? 2sin?Z asin’ = © ab, + _ (era th vie~(a- 09) 2sintE canal in? = (eta-b)(etb-a) 2sintl = ne As g = Grbte dssarbic 2s—2b=a+b+c~2b pis—b)= arco] And 2s—2a=a+b+e—2a (s-a)= bee-q = 2Y _ 1b) x215-e) (> asin a sink = 29) *(3-b) Y, [aw Hence, ing = [ee sma Prove that: cos£= [S4). Be Proof: ‘As Cosine law says, a?= b?+@ eee So, 2be x cosa =b* +c? — 1+ cosx=2cos’ 5] 1) Prove that: cos Proof:Page |20 ‘As Cosine law says, b*= a? +c? 2ac x cos Bb So, 2acx cosB =a" +c” —b* oosp = Adding 1 both sides Trcosp= 1+ i _ 20ct ae cb? 20s pt 2B (ato lusing: 1 + cosx = 200s? 2 cos! 2b. at eras 2 2a —(1) And 2s—2b=a+b+c~2b pe-t=bec-d (> ace = Be. cont: #80 Hence, Prove that: cos£= {#2 ab Preef: ‘As Cosine law says, c= a+ b2=2 ab x cosy 2 ~e So, 2abx cg (using: 1+ cosn= 2008?) “(1) 25H zap sx(s7e} Dos a= st cos tence, fos