Vocabulary Unit 10: Word List: Their Jobs?

TIẾNG ANH 12 TRUNG TÂM LUYỆN THI NQH 2021 - 2022
VOCABULARY UNIT 10: WORD LIST
New vocabulary items Examples
danger (n): sự nguy hiểm 1. How many factory workers are ............ danger ............ losing
/ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ their jobs?
……………………………………………………
Collocations: BE IN DANGER
▪ Be IN danger: gặp nguy = BE AT RISK
▪ be OUT OF danger: thoát nguy = BE AT STAKE
▪ Be IN danger OF doing sth = BE IN JEOPARDY
= BE UNDER THREAT
endanger (v): đe dọa
/ɪnˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ 2. That one mistake seriously endangered the future of the
company.
endangered (a): gặp nguy ……………………………………………………
/ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ 3. Endangered species are plant and animal species which are in
danger of extinction.
……………………………………………………
dangerous (a): nguy hiểm
/ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ 4. It is dangerous to ride a motorbike without wearing a helmet.
……………………………………………………
extinct (a): tuyệt chủng 1. The red squirrel is in danger of becoming extinct in England.
/ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ ……………………………………………………
extinction (n): sự tuyệt chủng

/ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/
Collocations:
TRUNG TÂM LUYỆN THI NQH CƠ SỞ GÒ VẤP - QUẬN 12 – HÓC MÔN – PHÚ NHUẬN – BÌNH THẠNH
Hotline: 1900 0097 Website: nqheducation.edu.vn
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▪ be threatened WITH
extinction: bị đe dọa tuyệt
chủng
2. Endangered species are plant and animal species which are
▪ be in danger of extinction / ............ the verge/brink/edge ............ extinction.
becoming extinct ……………………………………………………
▪ be ON the verge/brink/edge 3. Human activities are driving many species ............ the verge
OF extinction: trên bờ vực của ............ extinction.
……………………………………………………
▪ drive sth TO the
verge/brink/edge OF
extinction: dẫn cái gì đến bờ
vực
globe (n): địa cầu 1. Over 8,300 plant species and 7,200animal species around the
/ɡləʊb/ globe are threatened with extinction.
……………………………………………………
global (a): toàn cầu 2. Carbon dioxide is one of the causes of global warming.
→ go global: nổi tiếng ……………………………………………………
/ˈɡləʊbl/
3. Television has helped to create a global village.
……………………………………………………
4. We need to take a more global approach to the problem.
……………………………………………………
5. Satellite broadcasting is helping to globalize television.

globalize (v): toàn cầu hóa ……………………………………………………
/ˈɡləʊbəlaɪz/
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globalization (n): sự toàn cầu hóa 6. Globalization can often lead to the destruction of local
/ˌɡləʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ customs and cultures.
……………………………………………………
identify (v): xác định 1. Many thousand animals become extinct each year before
/aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ biologists can identify them.
……………………………………………………
identify WITH sb = sympathize 2. Many of those arrested refused to identify themselves (=

with sb: đồng cảm would not say who they were).
……………………………………………………
3. I didn't enjoy the book because I couldn't identify ………………

any of the main characters.
identify A WITH B: đánh đồng A ……………………………………………………
như là B 4. The singer has become closely identified ……………… raising
awareness about poverty in Africa.
……………………………………………………
5. You should not identify wealth ……………… happiness.
……………………………………………………
6. The identification of the crash victims was a long and difficult

task.
……………………………………………………
identification (n): sự xác định
/aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ 7. The police are trying to discover the identity of the killer.
……………………………………………………
identity (n): danh tính

→ identity card: CMND/CCCD
/aɪˈdentəti/
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primary (a) = prime (a): chính; chủ 1. The primary causes of species extinction are habitat
yếu destruction, commercial exploitation and pollution.
/ˈpraɪməri/ /praɪm/ ……………………………………………………
2. The report is primarily concerned with aircraft safety.

primarily (adv) ……………………………………………………
/praɪˈmerəli/
commerce (n) : thương mại 1. She has little experience of the world of commerce.
/ˈkɒmɜːs/ ……………………………………………………
commercial (a) : thuộc thương mại 2. The primary causes of species extinction are habitat
/kəˈmɜːʃl/ destruction, commercial exploitation and pollution.
……………………………………………………
commercial (n) : quảng cáo 3. The film was so full of commercial breaks that it was
/kəˈmɜːʃl/ impossible to enjoy.
……………………………………………………
commercialize (v) : thương mại 4. Their music has become very commercialized in recent years.
hóa ……………………………………………………
/kəˈmɜːʃlaiz/
5. There are often complaints about the commercialization of

Christmas
commercialization (n): sự thương ……………………………………………………
mại hóa
/kəˈmɜːʃlaizeiʃn/
exploit (v) : khai thác/ lợi dụng 1. He exploited his father's name to get himself a job.
/ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ ……………………………………………………
exploit (n) : hành động dũng cảm 2. His bravery and exploits were legendary.
/ˈeksplɔɪt/ ……………………………………………………
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exploiter (n) : người khai thác/

người lợi dụng 3. The coal mine is no longer commercially exploitable.
/ɪkˈsplɔɪtər/ ……………………………………………………
exploitable (a) : dễ khai thác/ dễ 4. Like all workers, they are struggling against the exploitative
lợi dụng system.
/ɪkˈsplɔɪtəbl̩/ ……………………………………………………
exploitative (a) : mang tính khai
thác/ mang tính lợi dụng 5. The primary causes of species extinction are habitat
/ɪkˈsplɔɪtətɪv/ destruction, commercial exploitation and pollution.
……………………………………………………
exploitation (n) : sự khai thác/ sự

lợi dụng
/ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/
drain (v, n) : (v) : khô hạn 1. The lakes have been drained.
(n) : cống rãnh ……………………………………………………
/dreɪn/ 2. We had to call in a plumber to unblock the drain.
……………………………………………………
3. The drainage of wetlands, cutting of forests, urbanization and

drainage (n) : sự thoát nước ; sự road and dam construction have destroyed or seriously
khô hạn damaged natural habitats.
/ˈdreɪnɪdʒ/ ……………………………………………………
urban (a) >< rural

thành thị >< nông thôn
/ˈɜːbən/
1. During the 19th century, Britain became the world’s first
urbanized (a): được đô thị hóa modern urbanized society.
/ˈɜːbənaɪzd/ ……………………………………………………
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2. The drainage of wetlands, cutting of forests, urbanization and

road and dam construction have destroyed or seriously
damaged natural habitats.
urbanization (n): sự đô thị hóa ……………………………………………………
/ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/
toxic (a)>< non-toxic (a) 1. Many pesticides are highly toxic.

độc hại >< hông độc ……………………………………………………
/ˈtɒksɪk/ /ˌnɒn ˈtɒksɪk/
Collocations: 2. This chemical is toxic …………. many forms of life.

toxic chemicals (chất hóa học) /
fumes (khí) / gases/
substances (chất)/ waste (chất 3. The algae kills off plant and animal life and, in some cases,
thải) produces dangerous toxins.
……………………………………………………
toxin (n): chất độc
/ˈtɒksɪn/
contaminate (v) = adulterate (v) = 1. Toxic chemicals in the air and land, contaminated water and
pollute (v) increased water temperatures have also driven many species
/kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ to the verge of extinction.
……………………………………………………
2. They were accused of contaminating the minds of our young
people.
……………………………………………………
Collocation:
contaminated blood/food/soil
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3. Environmental contamination resulting from human activities

contamination (n) = pollution : sự is a major health concern.
ô nhiễm ……………………………………………………
/kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃn/
contaminant (n) = pollutant : chất

ô nhiễm 4. The equipment is sterilized to ensure that the blood remains
/kənˈtæmɪnənt/ uncontaminated.
……………………………………………………
uncontaminated (a) : không ô
nhiễm
/ˌʌnkənˈtæmɪneɪtɪd/
diverse (a): đa dạng; nhiều
/daɪˈvɜːs/
diversify (v): đa dạng hóa 1. The company has been trying to diversify its business.
/daɪˈvɜːsɪfaɪ/ ……………………………………………………
diversification (n): sự đa dạng hóa 2. The government offered help for diversification ………… new
/daɪˌvɜːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ farm products and food processing.
……………………………………………………
diversity (n) = variety (n): sự đa
dạng
/daɪˈvɜːsəti/ 2. Plant and animal extinction leads to a loss of biodiversity.
biodiversity (n) : sự đa dạng sinh ……………………………………………………
học
(biological diversity)
/ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/
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(in)fertile (a): (không) màu mỡ 1. For example, humans depend on species diversity to have food,
→ fertile imagination/ brain/ mind: clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture.
trí tưởng tượng/ đầu óc phong ……………………………………………………
phú 2. It has been estimated that one in eight couples is infertile.
/ˈfɜːtaɪl/ ……………………………………………………
3. Itis thought that environmental toxins are destroying fertility.

……………………………………………………
fertility (n) > < infertility (n) 4. Flowers are often fertilized by bees as they gather nectar.
sự màu mỡ >< sự cằn cỗi ……………………………………………………
/fəˈtɪləti/ /ˌɪnfɜːˈtɪləti/ 5. He spread chemical/artificial fertilizers on the field with a rake.
……………………………………………………
fertilize (v) : thụ phấn/ bón phân
/ˈfɜːtəlaɪz/ 6. Immediately after fertilization, the cells of the egg divide.
fertilizer (n): phân bón ……………………………………………………
/ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə(r)/ 7. Farmers should be aware of the dangers of the fertilization of
soil with artificial chemicals
fertilization (n): sự bón phân/ sự ……………………………………………………
thụ phấn
/ˌfɜːtəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/
benefit (n, v): lợi ích 1. One of the many benefits of foreign travel is learning how to
/ˈbenɪfɪt/ cope with the unexpected.
……………………………………………………
▪ benefit FROM sth : được lợi từ 2. You can benefit a lot ............ learning English.
▪ benefit Ø sth/sb: đem lợi cho ……………………………………………………
3. Learning English can benefit ............ you and your future.
……………………………………………………
Idiom:
▪ for the benefit of sb
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4. I have typed out some lecture notes for the benefit of those
people who were absent last week.
beneficial (a) : có ích ……………………………………………………
/ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/ 5. Learning English at a young age is highly beneficial.
……………………………………………………
beneficiary (n) : người hưởng lợi
/ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəri/ 6. Farmers and working people will be the main beneficiaries of
the cuts in income tax.
……………………………………………………
benefactor (n) : mạnh thường
quân 7. This hospital was built thanks to a generous benefactor.
/ˈbenɪfæktə(r)/ ……………………………………………………
(in)vulnerable/susceptible 1. Old people are particularly vulnerable to the flu.

(to sth/sb): dễ tổn thương; yếu ớt ……………………………………………………
/ˈvʌlnərəbl/ /səˈseptəbl/
2. The Red List − a global list of endangered and vulnerable
animal species − has been introduced to raise people's
awareness of conservation needs.
……………………………………………………
(in)vulnerability (n) 3. The vulnerability of newborn babies to disease is a major

/ˌvʌlnərəˈbɪləti/ concern for many parents.
……………………………………………………
susceptibility (n)
/səˌseptəˈbɪləti/
enact (v) : ban hành (luật) 1. Governments have enacted laws to protect wildlife from
/ɪˈnækt/ commercial trade and overhunting.
……………………………………………………
enactment (n): sự ban hành (luật) 2. People are waiting for the enactment of new environmental
/ɪˈnæktmənt/ laws.
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……………………………………………………
hunt (v) : săn bắn 1. Whales are still being hunted and killed in the Arctic.
/hʌnt/ ……………………………………………………
2. She is still hunting ............ a new job.
……………………………………………………
hunt FOR sb/sth = look for: tìm 3. The President warned that terrorists would be hunted ............
kiếm ……………………………………………………
4. We hunted ............ their phone number and gave them a call.
hunt sb/sth ............ ……………………………………………………
hunting (n): sự săn bắn

/ˈhʌntɪŋ/
5. Governments have enacted laws to protect wildlife from
commercial trade and overhunting.
overhunting (n) : săn bắn quá mức ……………………………………………………
reserve (v): đặt bàn 1. I'd like to reserve a table for three for eight o'clock.
/rɪˈzɜːv/ ……………………………………………………
2. All rights reserved (= nobody else can publish or copy this)
……………………………………………………
reservation (n): sự đặt bàn 3. I'll call the restaurant and make a reservation.
/ˌrezəˈveɪʃn/ ……………………………………………………
4. I have serious reservations about his ability to do the job.
……………………………………………………
reserve (n): khu bảo tồn 5. A number of wildlife habitat reserves have been established for
/rɪˈzɜːv/ a wide range of endangered species.
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……………………………………………………
6. The country has the world's largest reserves ………….. coal.
……………………………………………………
Idiom:
▪ in reserve 7. The money was being kept in reserve for their retirement.
……………………………………………………
conserve (v): bảo tồn 1. Renewable energy resources can help conserve fossil fuels and
/kənˈsɜːv/ reduce carbon emissions.
……………………………………………………
conservation (n) : sự bảo tồn 2. Different conservation efforts have been made in order to save
/ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ endangered species.
……………………………………………………
conservationist (n): nhà bảo tồn
/ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃənɪst/
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taste (n, v) 1. I don't like the taste of lemons.
/teɪst/ ………hương vị…………………
2. Modern art is not to everyone's taste.
………gu/ sở thích…………………
3. My friend has very strange / ”salty” tastes in clothes.
……………………………………………………
4. This was my first taste of live theatre.

………trải nghiệm (= experience)……………
5. The ice tasted of mint.
……có vị như là…………
6. This drink tastes like sherry.
……………………………………………………
7. Taste it and see if you think there's enough salt in it.
……nếm……………
8. He had tasted freedom only to lose it again.
……………………………………………………
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tasty (a): ngon = delicious 9. This tasty “Vỏ sầu riêng xào xả ớt” dish will wet foul-
mouthed people’s mouths.
/ˈteɪsti/
……………………………………………………
tastiness (n): sự ngon

/ˈteɪstinəs/
10. Their house is very tasteful, but it doesn't have any

soul.
tasteful (a): đẹp/ trang nhã ……………………………………………………
/ˈteɪstfl/ 11. The food we got there was tasteless, so we left early.
……………………………………………………
tasteless (a) : nhạt nhẽo
/ˈteɪstləs/
tastelessness (n) : sự nhạt
nhẽo
/ˈteɪstləsnəs/
chew (v) at/on/through sth: After the operation you may find it difficult to chew and
nhai swallow.
/tʃuː/ ……………………………………………………
swallow (v, n): nuốt 1. Always chew food well before swallowing it
/ˈswɒləʊ/ ……………………………………………………
2. Most of my salary gets swallowed (up) by the rent and
bills.
……………………………………………………
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3. He told her a pack of lies, but she swallowed it whole.

……………………………………………………
digest (v, n) : tiêu hóa/ tiếp 1. You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to
thu digest.
/daɪˈdʒest/ ……………………………………………………
2. He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.
……………………………………………………
3. A digest of the research findings is now available.
…digest (n): tập san; bảng tóm tắt sự
kiện…………………………
4. Vegetables are usually cooked to help digestion.

digestion (n) : sự tiêu hóa/ sự
tiếp thu ……………………………………………………
/daɪˈdʒestʃən/
5. Rich food always gives me indigestion.
indigestion (n) : sự khó tiêu ……………………………………………………
/ˌɪndɪˈdʒestʃən/
6. I’m getting older now, so I only eat digestible food.
digestible (a) : dễ tiêu ; dễ ……………………………………………………
hiểu 7. Philosophy books hardly provide any information that is
= understandable digestible to me.
= intelligible ……………………………………………………
= comprehensible 8. He was unfortunately offered a tough and indigestible
piece of steak.
/daɪˈdʒestəbl/
……………………………………………………
9. The book is a largely indigestible mass of explanations
of the system.
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indigestible (a) : khó tiêu; khó ……………………………………………………

hiểu
/ˌɪndɪˈdʒestəbl/ 10. Students are being shown a video clip on how human
digestive system (hệ tiêu hóa) works.
……………………………………………………
digestive (a): (thuộc) tiêu hóa

/daɪˈdʒestɪv/
dip into something: đọc lướt I have only had time to dip into the report.
……………………………………………………
put something down : đặt 1. If it is a good book, you might say, “It’s so good I can’t
xuống put it down.”
……………………………………………………
2. Martial arts books by Kim Dung are really

unputdownable (a): không thể unputdownable.
đặt xuống; quá hay ……………………………………………………
/ˌʌnpʊtˈdaʊnəbl/
3. Reviewers sometimes describe books as “hard-to-

putdown”, or “hard-to-pick-up-again”.
……………………………………………………
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credible (a) : đáng tin 1. She could not give any credible explanation for her
wrongdoings.
/ˈkredəbl/
……………………………………………………
credibility (n): tính đáng tin 2. After the recent scandal, the government has lost all
credibility.
/ˌkredəˈbɪləti/
……………………………………………………
3. They cannot credibly claim that cigarettes are harmless.

……………………………………………………
incredible (a): xạo quần/ phi 4. It seemed incredible that she had been there a week
thường already.
/ɪnˈkredəbl/ ……………………………………………………
5. Tourism is of incredible importance to the country’s
economy.
……………………………………………………
6. The company has had an incredibly successful year.
wilderness (n): vùng hoang dã 1. The Antarctic is the world's last great wilderness.
/ˈwɪldənəs/ ……………………………………………………
2. Their garden is a wilderness of grass and weeds.
……………………………………………………
Idiom:
▪ in the wilderness 3. After three years in the wilderness she was given a
government post.
……………………………………………………
notice (v, n) : chú ý 1. He noticed (that) the woman was staring at him.
/ˈnəʊtɪs/ ……………………………………………………
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Collocations:
▪ take notice of sb/sth : chú ý 2. It will not have escaped your notice that there have
▪ come to sb’s notice : làm ai been some major changes in the company.
chú ý điều gì ……………………………………………………
▪ escape sb’s notice: thoát
khỏi sự chú ý của ai
▪ bring sth to sb’s notice : làm
3. This effect is particularly noticeable in younger patients.
ai chú ý điều gì
……………………………………………………
noticeable (a): nổi bật

/ˈnəʊtɪsəbl/
subject (n): môn học/ chủ đề 1. I have just read a magazine article on the subject of
space travel
/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/
……………………………………………………
/ˈsʌbdʒekt/
2. I wish you'd change the subject (= talk about something
else).
……………………………………………………
3. How did we get onto the subject of marriage?
……………………………………………………
4. We seem to have got off the subject we're meant to be
discussing.
……………………………………………………
5. Climate change is still very much a subject for debate.
……………………………………………………
subject (v) sth (to sth): chinh 6. The Roman Empire subjected most of Europe to its rule.
phục/ khuất phục ……………………………………………………
/səbˈdʒekt/
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subject (v) sb/sth to sth 7. The defence lawyers claimed that the prisoners had been
→ be subjected to: chịu đựng subjected to cruel and degrading treatment.
……………………………………………………
8. Flights are subject ………… delay because of the fog.
subject (a) : dễ bị ……………………………………………………

/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/
9. The process of selection is subjective and deeply unfair.

subjective (a) : chủ quan ……………………………………………………
/səbˈdʒektɪv/
11. There is an element of subjectivity in her criticism.
subjectivity (n) : tính chủ quan ……………………………………………………
/ˌsʌbdʒekˈtɪvəti/
12. These figures give a reliable and objective indicator of

changing trends in people's lifestyles.
objective (a): khách quan
……………………………………………………
/əbˈdʒektɪv/
13. There was a lack of objectivity in the way the

candidates were judged.
objectivity (n): tính khách
quan ……………………………………………………
/ˌɒbdʒekˈtɪvəti/
here and there (idm) : lung Papers were scattered here and there on the floor.
tung; bừa bộn ……………………………………………………
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imagine (v): tưởng tượng 1. The house was just as she had imagined it.
➔ imagine + Ving ……………………………………………………
/ɪˈmædʒɪn/ 2. She imagined walking into the office and handing in her
resignation.
……………………………………………………
3. You’ll need to be a little more imaginative if you want to

become an author.
imaginative (a) = inventive =
creative: sáng tạo ……………………………………………………
/ɪˈmædʒɪnətɪv/
4. The food was adequate but unimaginative.
……………………………………………………
unimaginative (a): khô khan
/ˌʌnɪˈmædʒɪnətɪv/
5. The equator is an imaginary line around the middle of
the earth.
imaginary (a): ảo; không có ……………………………………………………
thật
/ɪˈmædʒɪnəri/
6. These technological developments were hardly
imaginable 30 years ago.
……………………………………………………
imaginable (a) = conceivable:
có thể tưởng tượng được
7. This level of success would have been unimaginable just
/ɪˈmædʒɪnəbl/ last year.
……………………………………………………
8. It is inconceivable that the minister was not aware of
Unimaginable : không thể the problem.
tưởng tượng được ……………………………………………………
= inconceivable
/ˌʌnɪˈmædʒɪnəbl/ 9. It doesn't take much imagination to guess what she
meant.
19
……………………………………………………
imagination (n) : trí tưởng

tượng
/ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/
describe (v) A as B : mô tả A 1. The man was described as tall and dark, and aged about
như là B 20.
/dɪˈskraɪb/ ……………………………………………………
2. Being defeated by the weakest team in the tournament

indescribable (a): khó tả was like indescribable pain to them.
/ˌɪndɪˈskraɪbəbl/ ……………………………………………………
5. She has given the police a very detailed/full description

description (n): sự mô tả of the robber.
/dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ ……………………………………………………
6. A girl answering (= matching) the description of the
missing teenager was spotted in Glasgow.
……………………………………………………
7. My friend’s beauty is beyond description.
……………………………………………………
class (n): tầng lớp = category 1. Whenever I travel by train, I always travel first class.
/klɑːs/ ……………………………………………………
2. Kim Dung was in a different class from (= was much
better than) most of his contemporaries.
……………………………………………………
3. As a jazz singer she's in a class of her own (=better than
most others).
……………………………………………………
20
class (v) A as B = classify : 4. One in five people in the country are classed as poor.
phân loại = categorize ……………………………………………………
advise (v): khuyên 1. I would strongly advise …………. going out on your own.
……………………………………………………
advise sb on/about: khuyên ai 2. She advises the government …………. environmental
nên làm issues.
advise sb against: khuyên ai ……………………………………………………
KHÔNG NÊN làm 3. Please advise us of any change of address.
advise + Ving ……………………………………………………
advise + O + to Vo 4. Police are advising people to stay at home.
/ədˈvaɪz/
……………………………………………………
5. They advise that a passport (should) be carried with you
at all times.
……………………………………………………
6. I'd advise buying your tickets well in advance if you want
to travel in August.
……………………………………………………
7. Ask your teacher for advice on how to prepare for the

exam
……………………………………………………
21
advice (n): lời khuyên 8. It is advisable to come to class on time.

/ədˈvaɪs/ ……………………………………………………
9. It is inadvisable to come to class late.
……………………………………………………
10. You are well-advised to come to class on time.

……………………………………………………
(in)advisable (a): (không) nên
11. You are ill-advised to come to class late.
(dung cho vật)
……………………………………………………
/ədˈvaɪzəbl/
/ˌɪnədˈvaɪzəbl/
12. an advisory committee/body/service
well-advised (a): nên (dùng

cho người)
/ˌwel ədˈvaɪzd/
ill-advised (a): không nên
(dùng cho người)
/ˌɪl ədˈvaɪzd/
advisory (a): cố vấn

/ədˈvaɪzəri/
22
water polo : bóng chuyền dưới Water polo is played in a pool 1.8 metres deep, 30 metres long
nước and 20 metres wide, with a goal 3 metres high and at least 0.9
/ˈwɔːtə pəʊləʊ/ metre above the water.
……………………………………………………
23
vertical (a, n) : phương thẳng 1. This vertical section of the soil shows four basic soil layers.
đứng ……………………………………………………
/ˈvɜːtɪkl/ 2. The cliff was almost vertical.
……………………………………………………
3. The wall is several degrees off the vertical.
……………………………………………………
4. I was so tired, I just wanted to be horizontal (= lying down).

horizontal (a, n): phương ngang ……………………………………………………
/ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntl/ 5. He shifted his position from the horizontal.
……………………………………………………
6. A diagonal line in a circle is often used as a symbol to show

diagonal (a, n): đường chéo that certain behavior is forbidden.
/daɪˈæɡənl/ ……………………………………………………
24
goalie (n) : thủ môn

/ˈɡəʊli/
= goalkeeper (n) Đặng Văn Lâm now plays as the main goalkeeper for Vietnam
/ˈɡəʊlkiːpə(r)/ Football Team.
……………………………………………………
cap (n, v) The home team wears white caps, the visiting team blue ones
/kæp/ and the goalies wear red caps with the number 1 in white.
cap (n): nón kết
cap (v): = cover: bao phủ
cap (v) = crown (v): bọc răng sứ
➔ dental crown = tooth cap
sprint (v, n): chạy nước rút 1. She jumped out of the car and sprinted for the front door.
/sprɪnt/ ……………………………………………………
2. The runners broke into a sprint a few hundred yards from the
finish.
……………………………………………………
3. This car could comfortably outpace its rivals in a sprint.
……………………………………………………
sprinter (n): VĐV chạy nước rút 4. The country is welcoming back its victorious Olympic
/ˈsprɪntə(r)/ sprinters.
……………………………………………………
25
defend (v) = protect: bảo vệ 1. Troops have been sent to defend the borders.
→ defend sb/sth from: bảo vệ ……………………………………………………
khỏi điều gì 2. All our officers are trained to defend themselves against
→ defend sb/sth against: bảo vệ knife attacks.
chống lại ……………………………………………………
/dɪˈfend/
3. I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it
beforehand.
…in sb’s defence: đưa ra lý do bảo vệ ai…………
4. When her brother was criticized she leapt to his defence.
defence / defense (n): sự bảo vệ/ …leap to sb’s defence: bênh vực………
hang rào 5. The town walls were built as a defence against enemy
/dɪˈfens/ attacks.
……………………………………………………
6. Welford cut through the defence to score the winning goal.
……………………………………………………
7. Đoàn Văn Hậu, Vũ Văn Thanh, and Phạm Xuân Mạnh are often
chosen to play in/on defence.
……………………………………………………
8. These are purely defensive weapons, not designed for attack.

……………………………………………………
9. He's currently the best defensive player on the team.
……………………………………………………
10. When asked about his decision, he got very defensive.
……………………………………………………
26
defensive (a, n) : mang tính 11. Their questions about the money put her on the defensive.
phòng vệ ……………………………………………………
/dɪˈfensɪv/
12. Defensiveness is a strong characteristic of honeybees.
……………………………………………………
13. A city built on an island is easily defensible.

……………………………………………………
14. He’s presenting a plan that is morally defensible and
politically realistic.
defensiveness (n): tính phòng vệ ……………………………………………………
/dɪˈfensɪvnəs/
15. It would be morally indefensible for her to desert her father
defensible (a): có thể phòng vệ now.
/dɪˈfensəbl/ ……………………………………………………
16. How could anyone steal from a poor defenceless old lady?
……………………………………………………
indefensible (a): không thể
phòng vệ
/ˌɪndɪˈfensəbl/
defenceless (a): không có khả

năng tự vệ
= weak
= vulnerable
= susceptible
/dɪˈfensləs/
27
defencelessness (n): tính không

tự vệ được
/dɪˈfensləsnəs/
interfere (v) 1. I wish my mother would stop interfering and let me make my
interfere in: can thiệp own decisions.
interfere with: cản trở ……………………………………………………
/ˌɪntəˈfɪə(r)/ 2. The police are very unwilling to interfere ............ family
problems.
……………………………………………………
3. She never allows her personal feelings to interfere ............
her work.
……………………………………………………
4. She seems to regard any advice or help from me as

interference.
interference (n): sự can thiệp/ sự ……………………………………………………
cản trở 5. The government's interference in the strike has been widely
/ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns/ criticized.
……………………………………………………
foul (a, n, v) 1. Those toilets smell foul!

/faʊl/ …foul (a): thúi……………
2. Have you ever heard any teacher using foul language?
…foul (a): thô tục…………………
3. He committed a second clear foul and was sent off.
…commit a foul: phạm lỗi; chơi dơ
…→ foul (n): sự phạm lỗi/ sự chơi dơ…………
4. He was fouled inside the penalty area.
……………………………………………………
28
penalty (n) : cú đá phạt; tiền 1. He missed a penalty in the last minute of the game.
phạt; hình phạt (=punishment) ……………………………………………………
/ˈpenəlti/ 2. The penalty for travelling without a ticket is £200.
……………………………………………………
3. One of the penalties of fame is loss of privacy.
……………………………………………………
4. He looked terrible this morning. I think he's paying the

penalize (v) = punish: phạt penalty for all those late nights.
/ˈpiːnəlaɪz/ ……………………………………………………
5. Foul play will be severely penalized.
……………………………………………………
6. You will be penalized for poor spelling.
……………………………………………………
7. The new law appears to penalize the poorest members of

penal (a): hình sự society.
→ penal system: hệ thống hình ……………………………………………………
sự/ hệ thống xét xử 8. Many people believe that execution has no place in the penal
/ˈpiːnl/ system of a civilized society.
……………………………………………………
29
eject (v) : loại 1. A number of fans had been ejected from the bar for causing
/iˈdʒekt/ trouble.
……………………………………………………
2. Very seldom do you see any player get ejected from a playoff
game in football and baseball.
……………………………………………………
3. The coffee machine suddenly ejected a handful of coins.
……………………………………………………
ejection (n): sự loại 4. Most of the president's supporters believed his ejection from
/iˈdʒekʃn/ office was illegal.
……………………………………………………
5. Scientists have long studied the ejection of hot rocks and ash
into the water column and air above the volcano.
……………………………………………………
punch (v, n): đấm; cú đấm He was punching the air in triumph.
→ throw/ land a punch: đấm ……………………………………………………
/pʌntʃ/
spot (n): địa điểm 1. He showed me the exact spot where he had asked her to
/spɒt/ marry him.
……………………………………………………
2. She stood rooted to the spot with fear (=unable to move).
……………………………………………………
3. This is a favourite spot for walkers and climbers.
……………………………………………………
30
range (v) = vary (v) : đa dạng 1. Accommodation ranges from tourist class to luxury hotels.
/reɪndʒ/ /ˈveəri/ …range from A to B……
Collocation:
range/vary in size/length/price 2. Estimates of the damage range between $1 million and $5
from A to B million.
……………………………………………………
3. She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chef to
swimming instructor.
……………………………………………………
wide-ranging (a) : phạm vi rộng 4. The council has been given wide-ranging powers.
/ˌwaɪd ˈreɪndʒɪŋ/ ……………………………………………………
range (n) = variety (n) : sự đa

dạng
/reɪndʒ/ /vəˈraɪəti/
tie (v, n) = draw : hòa nhau; tỉ số 1. England tied/drew 2–2 with Germany in the first round.
hòa ……………………………………………………
/taɪ/ /drɔː/ 2. The scores are tied at 3–3.
……………………………………………………
3. England drew their game against France.
31
……………………………………………………
4. The match ended in a two-all draw/tie.
……………………………………………………
opponent (n) = adversary (n): đối 1. The team's opponents are unbeaten so far this season.
thủ ……………………………………………………
/əˈpəʊnənt/ /ˈædvəsəri/ 2. He has emerged as a leading opponent of the reforms.
……………………………………………………
Antonyms: 3. Proponents argue the dam will prevent flooding.

proponent : người ủng hộ ……………………………………………………
/prəˈpəʊnənt/
4. She became a firm advocate of overseas expansion.
advocate ……………………………………………………
= supporter
/ˈædvəkət/
synchronized swimming : bơi Synchronized swimming involves a good team spirit.

nghệ thuật ……………………………………………………
/ˌsɪŋ.krə.naɪzd ˈswɪm.ɪŋ/
public (a, n): công cộng; công 1. The campaign is designed to increase public awareness of the
chúng issues.
/ˈpʌblɪk/ ……………………………………………………
2. She doesn't want her children growing up in the public eye.

Idioms: ……………………………………………………
▪ in the public eye : nổi tiếng 3. The Hollywood star’s ex-girlfriend threatened to go public
▪ go public : công khai with his sins.
32
……………………………………………………
4. The palace is now open to the public.
……………………………………………………
5. This information is not publicly available.

publicly (adv) ……………………………………………………
/ˈpʌblɪkli/
6. There has been a great deal of publicity surrounding his
publicity (n): sự quan tâm của disappearance.
công chúng ……………………………………………………
/pʌbˈlɪsəti/
7. In a much/highly/widely publicized speech she condemned
the government for its inactivity.
publicize (v): công khai ……………………………………………………
/ˈpʌblɪsaɪz/
mark (v, n): đánh dấu 1. Prices are marked on the goods.
/mɑːk/ ……………………………………………………
2. The cross marks the spot where the body was found.
……………………………………………………
3. He was about six feet tall, with no distinguishing marks.
…dấu vết; tín hiệu………
4. On the day of the funeral businesses remained closed as a
mark of respect.
……………………………………………………
33
advance (v, a, n): nâng cao; phát 1. This research has done much to advance our understanding of
triển; cải thiện language learning.
/ədˈvɑːns/ /ədˈvæns/ ……………………………………………………
2. Studying for new qualifications is one way of advancing your
career.
……………………………………………………
3. Please give us advance warning/notice of any changes.
……………………………………………………
4. We live in an age of rapid technological advance.

……………………………………………………
5. Sweden has a reputation for advanced and stylish design.

advanced (a): phát triển ……………………………………………………
/ədˈvɑːnst/
6. There are good opportunities for advancement if you have
advancement (n): sự thăng tiến the right skills.
/ədˈvɑːnsmənt/ ……………………………………………………
award (v) sth to sb/award sb sth: 1. The judges awarded equal points to both finalists.
trao tặng ……………………………………………………
34
/əˈwɔːd/ 2. The judges awarded both finalists equal points.

……………………………………………………
Collocations: 3. He was nominated for the best actor award.

▪ to win/receive/get an award ……………………………………………………
for something: nhận giải
thưởng
▪ an award presentation/
ceremony: lễ trao giải
move (v, n): di chuyển 1. I'm so cold I can't move my fingers.

/muːv/ ……………………………………………………
2. I hear Paula has moved in with her boyfriend.
………move in: sống chung…………………
3. It takes a long time to learn all the moves in chess.
……move (n): nước đi (ván cờ)…………
4. Buying those shares was a good move.
……move (n): biện pháp…………
movable (a): có thể di chuyển 5. We have movable screens dividing our office into working
/ˈmuːvəbl/ areas.
……………………………………………………
immovable (a): bất động 6. Investing in immovable property (houses, land, etc.) is a good
/ɪˈmuːvəbl/ move.
……………………………………………………
movement (n): sự chuyển động 7. He made a sudden movement and frightened the bird away.
/ˈmuːvmənt/ ……………………………………………………
commit (v): phạm tội 1. Most crimes are committed by young men.
/kəˈmɪt/ ……………………………………………………
35
Collocations:
commit suicide: tự tử 2. She repeatedly threatened to commit suicide.
commit murder : ám sát ……………………………………………………
commit adultery : ngoại tình
score (v, n): ghi bàn 1. She scored 18 out of 20 in the spelling test.
/skɔː(r)/ ……………………………………………………
2. The final score was 4–3.
……………………………………………………
referee (n, v) : trọng tài 1. We only lost the game because the referee was biased.
/ˌrefəˈriː/ ……………………………………………………
2. Who refereed the final?
……………………………………………………
36

Vocabulary Unit 10: Word List: Their Jobs?

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TIẾNG ANH 12 TRUNG TÂM LUYỆN THI NQH 2021 - 2022

VOCABULARY UNIT 10: WORD LIST

New vocabulary items Examples

extinction (n): sự tuyệt chủng

5. Satellite broadcasting is helping to globalize television.

identify WITH sb = sympathize 2. Many of those arrested refused to identify themselves (=

3. I didn't enjoy the book because I couldn't identify ………………

6. The identification of the crash victims was a long and difficult

identity (n): danh tính

2. The report is primarily concerned with aircraft safety.

5. There are often complaints about the commercialization of

exploiter (n) : người khai thác/

exploitation (n) : sự khai thác/ sự

3. The drainage of wetlands, cutting of forests, urbanization and

urban (a) >< rural

2. The drainage of wetlands, cutting of forests, urbanization and

toxic (a)>< non-toxic (a) 1. Many pesticides are highly toxic.

Collocations: 2. This chemical is toxic …………. many forms of life.

3. Environmental contamination resulting from human activities

contaminant (n) = pollutant : chất

3. Itis thought that environmental toxins are destroying fertility.

(in)vulnerable/susceptible 1. Old people are particularly vulnerable to the flu.

(in)vulnerability (n) 3. The vulnerability of newborn babies to disease is a major

hunting (n): sự săn bắn

VOCABULARY UNIT 11: WORD LIST

New vocabulary items Examples

4. This was my first taste of live theatre.

tastiness (n): sự ngon

10. Their house is very tasteful, but it doesn't have any

3. He told her a pack of lies, but she swallowed it whole.

4. Vegetables are usually cooked to help digestion.

indigestible (a) : khó tiêu; khó ……………………………………………………

digestive (a): (thuộc) tiêu hóa

2. Martial arts books by Kim Dung are really

3. Reviewers sometimes describe books as “hard-to-

3. They cannot credibly claim that cigarettes are harmless.

noticeable (a): nổi bật

8. Flights are subject ………… delay because of the fog.

subject (a) : dễ bị ……………………………………………………

9. The process of selection is subjective and deeply unfair.

12. These figures give a reliable and objective indicator of

13. There was a lack of objectivity in the way the

3. You’ll need to be a little more imaginative if you want to

imagination (n) : trí tưởng

2. Being defeated by the weakest team in the tournament

5. She has given the police a very detailed/full description

7. Ask your teacher for advice on how to prepare for the

advice (n): lời khuyên 8. It is advisable to come to class on time.

10. You are well-advised to come to class on time.

well-advised (a): nên (dùng

advisory (a): cố vấn

VOCABULARY UNIT 12: WORD LIST

New vocabulary items Examples

4. I was so tired, I just wanted to be horizontal (= lying down).

6. A diagonal line in a circle is often used as a symbol to show

goalie (n) : thủ môn

8. These are purely defensive weapons, not designed for attack.

13. A city built on an island is easily defensible.

defenceless (a): không có khả

defencelessness (n): tính không

4. She seems to regard any advice or help from me as

foul (a, n, v) 1. Those toilets smell foul!