Siena College of San Jose, Inc.

Siena Heights, Brgy. Graceville, City of San Jose del Monte

Basic Education Department
S.Y.: 2021-2022
Home-based Learning-ODL

Name: Stacey Luiz P. Tubianosa Date Performed: 02-09-22

Year and Sec.: Gr. 10 – St. Dominic de Guzman Date Submitted: 02-12-22
Teacher: Mr. Ryan Jeffry Garcia Rating:

Home-Lab Activity 3.4.1

Functions of the Nervous System

1. What composes the human nervous system?

- The human nervous system is like a desktop computer, wherein

its parts are sectioned and created individually, yet their
functions are to help each other in order to fully perform its
purpose. It has two parts: the central nervous system and the
peripheral nervous system. The CNS is the commander that
instructs its comrades, the other parts of the body, for them to
act accordingly. It is made up of the main part, which is the
brain, and the spinal cord that transmits impulses to and from
the brain. The other part is the PNS that is divided into the
somatic and autonomic nervous system; it is made up of nerves
that is bundled ropelike structure that links the CNS to the rest
of the body; it collects and sends information to and from the
CNS.
- The somatic nervous system is a part of the PNS, which is responsible for reflexes of
the skeletal muscles that are voluntary as a reaction from the message received
from the senses or sensory neurons. Another part is the autonomic nervous system,
unlike the somatic, this system controls involuntary movement, that of which we
don’t have to thoroughly think of to act or respond; it is divided into the
parasympathetic and sympathetic division;
- The parasympathetic division is responsible for keeping the body at its normal state
and keeps the body working even when we are resting or inactive. The sympathetic
division is associated with the flight-or-flight responses in stressful situations. These
two divisions link and work together and is related to homeostasis.

2. How important is the nervous system in humans?

- The nervous system is important in humans, us, because it helps us to act

appropriately in life’s various situations. It allows us to consciously or even
unconsciously know how to automatically react and take action based a particular
 happening. With this system, our body prevents and helps us from how our
serotonin levels rise up because of a surprising birthday party up to how our body
chooses to move on its own on a frightening traumatic danger. The nervous system
in general, makes it possible for a human being to survive on its own, starting with
protecting itself.

3. What is a stimuli?

- We all are aware that not only humans live in this world, there are other animals
and creatures roaming in this planet. That means, what we experience in our
everyday lives may sometimes feel like a routine, wherein you are fully aware of
what’s currently happening, but sometimes it’ll be uncertain, such as when would
the ground shake. These happenings and experiences we encounter with natural
elements are what we call stimuli. By this, despite of the constant change around us,
our body acts automatically, making these changes feel like a routine that we
already know very well.

4. Draw and label the parts of a neuron.

Axoplasm
Nucleus

Myelin Sheath
Soma
(cell body)

Axon terminal
Axon
Dendrites

Node of Ranvier Nerve ending

Myelin Sheath
Schwann cell

5. Compare the types of neurons

In total, we have three (3) types of neurons: sensory,

relay or interneuron, and motor. Firstly, the sensory
neuron makes sure that the initial impulses from the
receptors reaches the CNS (), then makes sure these
impulses other sensory neurons until the next neuron
reaches the interneuron; it is responsible for the sense
organs to be sensitive and responsive to external
stimuli. On the other hand, the interneuron or relay
neuron, after the sensory organs have transmitted
impulses through and through up to this neuron, it
processes, “reads,” or it determines how should the body react or what response should be
enacted. Then if a response is necessary, the interneuron delivers these impulses to the
motor neurons. In short, it conducts impulses and carries out functions of the central
nervous system; it makes a way for the other neurons to cooperate; it coordinates all the
incoming and outgoing impulses of the peripheral nervous system. Lastly, the motor neuron,
the nerve impulses it transmits causes muscles to bring movement, organs to function, and
even for glands to secrete hormones.

6. Explain in your own words the processes involved when you react to changes around you.

- How I constantly reach to change around me depends on my body, specifically my

adrenal glands, whether it chooses a fight or a flight response. But my adrenal
glands are responsible for hormone secretion, and as I answered from the previous
item, the nervous system is responsible to send impulses for secretion of a specific
gland. Though these systems do not entirely depend on each other to function, yet
they communicate and interact in a lot of ways. In my own words, I react to changes
around me subjectively and objectively. An example would be, when an ant bites my
skin, it’s either a flight response and I decided to blow away the ant then scratch my
hand, or a fight response when I decide to either aggressively move my arm to shake
off the ant or even end this ant’s life by scratching automatically. Another would be
when I’m around a lot of people, I would automatically try to space out and allow
myself to breathe normally. Or even as simple as getting hungry and then rushing to
the kitchen to make a sandwich to eat. My body and myself encounter countless
changes internally and externally, that sometimes we would be unconscious of
reacting to them immediately. To cut it short, with the constant change around me,
my nervous system makes sure that my body survives through it by reacting
appropriately at the right time.

7. What are nerve impulses? Explain how it is transmitted.

- Neurons interact with each other without them having to completely touch. Instead,
a small gap that is called the synapse, makes it possible for neurons to interact with
other neurons and effectors. Nerve impulses are signals that can either be electrical
or chemical. These impulses travel along the dendrites and axon with the help of
electrical signal, firstly entering the dendrites then travel through the length of the
axon. When the impulse reaches the end of the axon, the electrical signal shuts
down. Then after, the information will be sent as chemical messengers called
neurotransmitters, (which are stored in small sacs after being fused with the axon’s
membrane) and its molecules will then be sent into the synapse. Then, in the
synapse, these molecules will bind to receptors on the next neuron or effector. At
this point the electrical signals that have shut down are eventually triggered again by
the chemical signal, then is repeated until each impulse is successfully delivered to
its destination for the body to respond accordingly.