Higher Nationals in Computing

Unit 43: Internet Of Things

ASSIGNMENT 1

Learner’s name: Tran Ngoc Chau

ID:GCS18804
Class: GCS0805B
Subject code: 1690

Assessor name: PHAN MINH TAM

Assignment due: Assignment submitted:

 ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Unit 43: Internet of Things

Submission date 10/08/2021 Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Tran Ngoc Chau Student ID GCS18804

Class GCS0805B Assessor name Phan Minh Tam

Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature

Grading grid

P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3 M4 D1 D2
❒ Summative Feedback: ❒ Resubmission Feedback:

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 ASSIGNMENT 1 BRIEF

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number Unit 43: Internet of Things

Assignment title

Academic Year 2021

Unit Tutor Phan Minh Tam

Issue date Submission date 10/08/2021

IV name and date

Submission Format:

Format: This assignment is an Individual assignment and specifically including 1 document:

You must use font Calibri size 12, set number of the pages and use multiple line spacing at
1.3. Margins must be: left: 1.25 cm; right: 1 cm; top: 1 cm and bottom: 1 cm. The reference
follows Harvard referencing system. The recommended word limit is 2.000-2.500 words.
You will not be penalized for exceeding the total word limit. The cover page of the report
has to be the Assignment front sheet 1.
Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by
the Tutors. The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on
http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/
Note: The Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student or from
books etc. If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you
must reference your sources, using the Harvard style. Make sure that you know how to reference
properly, and that understand the guidelines on plagiarism. If you do not, you definitely get fail

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1 Analyse what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when designing software applications
LO2 Outline a plan for an appropriate IoT application using common architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware
and APIs
LO3 Develop an IoT application using any combination of hardware, software, data, platforms and services.
LO4 Evaluate your IoT application and detail the problem your IoT application solves, the potential impact on
people, business, society and the end user and the problems it might encounter when integrating into the wider
IoT ecosystem

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

You currently work as a product developer for a new startup where you design IoT products for the
consumer, corporate, government and defence clients. As part of your role your manager has tasked you
to plan and develop a new IoT product, service or application for a potential client. You are required to
identify a target user and conduct tests with this user and include this feedback into multiple iterative
versions of your product.
Part 1 (Assignment 1):: For the first part, you must:

 Plan an IoT application for a specific target end user and the tests you intend to conduct with this
user. This plan will be in the form of a document and will include supporting evidence and
material, such as user personas and customer journey maps.
 Create multiple iterations of your application and modify each iteration with enhancements
gathered from user feedback and experimentation. This will follow the pathway outlined in your
plan.(log book,)

Part 2 (Assignment 2): For the first part, you must:

 Show evidence about Developed IoT application using any combination of hardware, software,
data, platforms and services (video or images of your IoT system with code snippet)
 Evaluate your IoT application and detail the problem your IoT application solves, the potential
impact on people, business, society and the end user and the problems it might encounter when
integrating into the wider IoT ecosystem
 Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria

Pass Merit Distinction

LO1 Analyse what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when designing software
applications

P1 Explore various forms of M1 Evaluate the impact of D1 Evaluate specific forms of

IoT functionality. common IoT architecture, IoT architecture and justify their
frameworks, tools, hardware and use when designing software
APIs in the software development applications.
P2 Review standard
lifecycle.
architecture, frameworks,
tools, hardware and APIs
available for use in IoT M2 Review specific forms of IoT
development. architecture, frameworks, tools,
hardware and APIs for different
problem-solving requirements.

LO2 Outline a plan for an appropriate IoT application using common architecture, frameworks,
tools, hardware and APIs

P3 Investigate architecture, M3 Select the most appropriate D2 Make multiple iterations plan
frameworks, tools, hardware IoT architecture, frameworks, of your IoT application and
and API techniques available tools, hardware and API modify each iteration to improve
to develop IoT applications. techniques to include in an your IoT application security.
application to solve this problem.
P4 Determine a specific
problem to solve using IoT. M4 Apply your selected
techniques to create an IoT
application development plan.
 Table of Contents

Unit 43: Internet Of Things ASSIGNMENT 1.............................................................................................................1

LO1 Analyse what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when designing software applications...........1
P1 Explore various forms of IoT functionality......................................................................................................1
What is IoT......................................................................................................................................................1
Features of Internet of Things (IoT).................................................................................................................1
IoT history........................................................................................................................................................3
The various forms of IoT..................................................................................................................................6
IoT in software development.........................................................................................................................11
Advantanges and Disadvantanges of Using IoT.............................................................................................11
P2 Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use in IoT development
+ P3 Investigate architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and API techniques available to develop IoT
applications.......................................................................................................................................................12
IoT architecture.................................................................................................................................................12
The advantages and disadvantages of IoT architecture....................................................................................14
IoT Frameworks.............................................................................................................................................15
IoT tools.........................................................................................................................................................20
IoT Hardwares...............................................................................................................................................20
IoT software...................................................................................................................................................21
LO2 Outline a plan for an appropriate IoT application using common architecture, frameworks, tools,
hardware and APIs...............................................................................................................................................23
P4 Determine a specific problem to solve using IoT..........................................................................................23
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................................25

Table Of Figure
Figure 1: IoT.............................................................................................................................................................1
Figure 2: IoT History................................................................................................................................................6
Figure 3: Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT)......................................................................................................7
Figure 4: Internet Of Underground Things (IOUT)...................................................................................................8
Figure 5: Internet of battlefield things (IoBT)..........................................................................................................8
Figure 6: Internet of Space Things (IoST).................................................................................................................9
Figure 7: Internet of NanoThings (IoNT)................................................................................................................10
Figure 8: Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT)......................................................................................................10
Figure 9: IoT architecture....................................................................................................................................13
Figure 10: Perception Layer...................................................................................................................................13
Figure 11: Network Layer......................................................................................................................................14
Figure 12: Application Layer..................................................................................................................................14
Figure 13: Device Hardware..................................................................................................................................15
Figure 14: Device Software....................................................................................................................................16
Figure 15: Communication and Cloud Platform.....................................................................................................16
Figure 16: Cloud Application.................................................................................................................................17
Figure 17: GE PREDIX.............................................................................................................................................18
Figure 18: KAA IoT.................................................................................................................................................19
Figure 19: ThingSpeak...........................................................................................................................................19
Figure 20: IoT Hardwares......................................................................................................................................20
LO1 Analyse what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when designing software
applications

P1 Explore various forms of IoT functionality.

What is IoT
- Is a global scenario in which each thing and person has their own unique identity and may
communicate and share information and data via a single network without the need for human-to-
human or human-to-computer interaction. Wireless technology, micromechanical technology, and the
Internet have all come together to form the Internet of Things. Simply defined, it is a collection of
gadgets that can communicate with one another, the Internet, and the outside world in order to
complete a task.

Figure 1: IoT

Features of Internet of Things (IoT)

Connectivity

- The most crucial element to consider in the case of IoT is connection. It is impossible to perform any
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effective business use case without flawless communication among the interconnected components of
the IoT ecosystems (sensors, compute engines, data hubs, and so on). Radio waves, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi,
Li-Fi, and other technologies can be used to link IoT devices. In order to improve efficiency and build
generic communication across IoT ecosystems and industry, we may use several protocols of internet
connectivity layers. In certain situations, the IoT ecosystem may be created on-premises or within an
intranet.

Sensing

- We humans have a natural ability to comprehend and assess our surroundings based on our previous
encounters with various objects or situations. To get the most out of IoT, we need to read the analog
data and transform it in a way that allows us to draw useful insights from it. To collect data depending
on a specific problem, we employ Electrochemical, gyroscope, pressure, light sensors, GPS,
Electrochemical, pressure, RFID, and so on. Light detection sensors, as well as pressure, velocity, and
imaging sensors, are used in automobile applications. We must select the appropriate sensing
paradigm to make a use case successful.

Safety

- Security is one of the most important aspects of the IoT ecosystem. Sensitive data is transmitted
from endpoints to the analytics layer via connection components throughout the whole cycle of an IoT
ecosystem. To protect data from misuse and manipulation, we must adhere to adequate safety,
security measures, and firewalls while developing an IoT system. Any component of an IoT ecosystem
that is compromised might eventually cause the entire pipeline to collapse.

Intelligence

- Data is utilized to create key business insights and drive crucial business choices in nearly every IoT
use case in today's world. On top of this huge data, we build machine learning/deep learning models
to gain important insights. The analog signals are preprocessed and transformed to a format that may
be used to train machine-learning models. We must consider the appropriate data infrastructure
depending on business requirements.

Dynamic Nature

- The first and most important step in every IoT use case is to gather and transform data in a fashion
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that allows business choices to be made from it. Throughout this process, numerous IoT components
must alter their states on a regular basis. A temperature sensor's input, for example, will change over
time depending on weather conditions, location, and other factors. This is something that IoT devices
should be developed with in mind.

Scale

- IoT devices should be built in a way that allows them to be readily scaled up or down on demand. IoT
is being utilized in a wide range of applications, from smart home automation to automating big
factories and workstations, thus the use cases are diverse. A carrier's IoT infrastructure should be
based on their present and future engagement scale.

Integration

- To improve the user experience, IoT combines numerous cross-domain models. It also guarantees
that the infrastructure and operating expenses are properly balanced.

IoT history
- 1969: DARPA, the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, created and deployed ARPANET,
the forerunner to the current Internet. The “Internet” aspect of the Internet of Things relies on this.

- 1980s: Commercial providers open up ARPANET to the public, allowing individuals to connect their
devices if they so want.

- 1982: A Coca-Cola vending machine is connected to the Internet by Carnegie Mellon University
programmers, allowing them to verify if the machine has cool drinks before going to buy one. This is
often cited as one of the first IoT devices.

- 1990: In answer to a challenge, John Romkey connected a toaster to the Internet and successfully
turned it on and off, bringing us even closer to what we consider modern IoT devices.

- 1993: Engineers from the University of Cambridge design a system that captures three photos of a
coffee machine every minute, allowing its status to be remotely monitored by workers, continuing the
already well-established practice of connecting the Internet with appliances and food. The first
webcam in the world!

- 1995: The first version of the US government's long-running GPS satellite program has finally been
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finished, marking a significant step toward establishing one of the most critical components for many
IoT devices: position.

- 1998: IPv6 is designated as a draft standard, allowing more devices to connect to the internet than
IPv4. While 32-bit IPv4 only has enough unique identifiers for about 4.3 billion devices, 128-bit IPv6
has enough for up to 2128, or 340 undecillion devices. (That's 340 followed by 36 zeros!)

- 1999: This is a significant year for IoT since it is when the term was most likely coined. It was used in
a presentation to Proctor & Gamble executives by Kevin Ashton, the leader of MIT's Auto-ID
laboratories, to demonstrate the possibilities of RFID tracking technology.

- 2000: LG introduces the Internet refrigerator, which has quickly become a must-have IoT item. It was
an intriguing concept, replete with displays and monitors to help you keep track of what was in your
refrigerator, but its $20,000+ USD price tag didn't win it many fans.

- 2004: The phrase "Internet of Things" begins to emerge in book titles and in other media outlets.

- 2007: The first iPhone is released, introducing a completely new way for people to engage with the
world and Internet-connected gadgets.

- 2008: Zurich, Switzerland hosts the first worldwide Internet of Things conference. The year is
significant because it marks the first time that the number of Internet-connected devices has
surpassed the number of people on the planet.

- 2009: St. Jude Medical Center launches Internet-connected pacemakers, while Google begins self-
driving car experiments. St. Jude's gadget would go on to create even more history in 2016 by
becoming the first IoT medical equipment to be hacked (without casualties, fortunately). Also, Bitcoin
becomes live, paving the way for blockchain technologies, which are expected to play a significant role
in IoT.

- 2010: The Chinese government has identified IoT as a critical technology and stated that it would be
included in their long-term growth strategy. Nest develops a smart thermostat the same year that
learns your behaviors and automatically changes your house's temperature, placing the "smart home"
idea in the limelight.

- 2011: Gartner, a market research organization, has added IoT to their "hype cycle," a graph that

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charts the popularity of a technology vs its real use over time. As of 2018, IoT was only cresting the
crest of inflated expectations, and it appeared like it was on its way to a reality check in the trough of
disappointment before reaching the productivity plateau.

- 2013: Google Glass is introduced, marking a watershed moment in IoT and wearable technology,
albeit it may be ahead of its time. It lands with a thud.

- 2014: The launch of Amazon's Echo has paved the stage for a rush into the smart home hub market.
In other news, an Industrial IoT standards collaboration has formed, demonstrating how IoT has the
ability to transform a variety of industrial and supply chain operations.

- 2016: General Motors, Lyft, Tesla, and Uber are all experimenting with self-driving cars.
Unfortunately, the first large-scale IoT malware attack has been verified, with the Mirai botnet
infecting IoT devices using factory-default logins, seizing control of them, and utilizing them to DDoS
major websites.

-2017-2019: IoT development is becoming more affordable, simple, and widely accepted, resulting in
tiny waves of innovation across the sector. Self-driving vehicles are becoming better, blockchains and
AI are starting to find their way into IoT systems, and growing smartphone/broadband adoption is
making IoT an even more appealing prospect for the future.

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 Figure 2: IoT History

The various forms of IoT

1. Internet of underwater things

- Following the popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT), the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) was
initially suggested in 2012. The application of IoT to our water bodies is known as IoUT. Underwater,
the Internet of Things (IoUT) is a network of interconnected smart devices. The goal of this technology
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is to connect all of the world's water bodies, including oceans, lakes, streams, and rivers, digitally.

Figure 3: Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT)

2. Internet of underground things

- The Internet Of Underground Things (IOUT), which is made up of sensors and communication devices
placed partially or entirely underground for real-time soil sensing and monitoring, was born out of this
requirement. The seamless integration of subterranean sensors, machinery, and irrigation systems
with the complex social network of producers, agronomists, crop consultants, and advisers is made
possible by this new paradigm.

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 Figure 4: Internet Of Underground Things (IOUT)

3. Internet of battlefield things

- Due to battlefield-specific problems such as the lack of communication infrastructure and the
susceptibility of devices to cyber and physical assaults, Internet of battlefield things (IoBT) networks
differ considerably from typical IoT networks. Real-time data gathering, which is dependent on
network connectivity and information dissemination in the presence of enemies, is critical for combat
efficiency and coordinated decision-making in war scenarios. The goal of this project is to provide
theoretical foundations for constructing safe and reconfigurable IoBT networks.

Figure 5: Internet of battlefield things (IoBT)

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 4. Internet of space things
- The Internet of Space Things (IoST) is a cyber-physical system that combines on-the-ground data with
satellite data to allow a variety of applications. To operate and manage a system of tiny satellites
(CubeSats) and ground-based sensing devices, the space-based network uses software-defined
networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV).

Figure 6: Internet of Space Things (IoST)

5. Internet of nanothings
- The Internet of NanoThings (IoNT) is a network of nanoscale devices that are linked together. Despite
being a useful tool for a variety of purposes, the artificial nature of IoNT devices might be harmful in
situations when the deployment of NanoThings has unintended consequences for health or pollution.

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 Figure 7: Internet of NanoThings (IoNT)

6. Internet of bio-nanothings
- The Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT) is a realm in which biological processes within the human
body interact with the internet's cyber environment. The IoBNT paradigm, which is based on synthetic
biology and nanotechnology technologies, allows for the creation of biological embedded computer
devices known as nano-machines.

Figure 8: Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT)

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IoT in software development
- It's no surprise that IoT software development is blossoming with all kinds of potential and promises.
The market is filled with scalable, feature-rich, secure, and user-optimized connected solutions that
are altering the way we interact with devices and utilize software solutions at work, just as it has been
in the past. Despite its enormous potential, IoT software and app development confronts several
significant and critical obstacles that today's developers must be aware of.

IoT Software Development Technologies:

+ Programming languages: C/C++, Python, Ruby, JavaScript

+ Development frameworks: Node.Js (Node-Red for rapid prototyping), Ot, IoT.js, Device.js, Eclipse IoT
(Kura, SmartHome), AngularJS

+ Sensor Technology: Analog, ADC, I2C, 1-Wire, RF433, various analog and digital sensors, compatible
with Arduino and Raspberry Pi, custom sensor R&D

+ Platforms: Amazon Web Services IoT, Microsoft Azure IoT, Google Cloud IoT, openHAB, IBM Bluemix
IoT,

+ Hardware: Raspberry Pi, Arduino, Beacons, Microcontrollers (ESP32, ESP8266), Google TPU, FPGA
controllers

Advantanges and Disadvantanges of Using IoT

- In the commercial sector, the Internet of Things allows a number of advantages in day-to-day living.
The following are some of its advantages:

+ Efficient resource usage: By understanding the functioning and operation of each device, we can
improve resource utilization and better monitor natural resources.

+ Minimize human effort: Because IoT devices interact and communicate with one another and
perform a variety of tasks for us, they reduce human effort.

+ Save time: Because it minimizes the amount of human work required, it saves time. The major factor
that can be saved by using an IoT platform is time.

+ Improve security: Now that we have a system that connects all of these items, we can make it more

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secure and efficient.

The Internet of Things brings with it a slew of advantages, but it also brings with it a slew of
problems. The following are some of the IoT challenges:

+ Complexity: Creating, building, managing, and enabling a big technology to IoT system is a difficult
task.

+ Privacy: Even if the user does not actively participate, the IoT system offers extensive personal data
in great detail.

+ Because IoT systems are networked and interact across networks, security is a concern. Despite any
security precautions, the system provides minimal control and may be used to launch many types of
network assaults.

P2 Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use in IoT
development + P3 Investigate architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and API techniques
available to develop IoT applications.

IoT architecture
- On the Internet of Things (IoT) architecture, there is no generally established unique or standard
consensus. Their functional area and solutions differ from their IoT architecture.

IoT architecture's three layers

- Although there is no generally approved IoT design, the most basic and frequently accepted structure
is a three-layer architecture. When the first study on the Internet of Things was being conducted, it
was first introduced. Perception, Network, and Application are the three levels proposed.

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 Figure 9: IoT architecture

 Perception Layer

- This is the architecture's physical layer. This is where sensors and linked devices come in, since they
collect varying quantities of data based on the project's requirements. Edge devices, sensors, and
actuators that interact with their surroundings are examples.

Figure 10: Perception Layer

 Network Layer

- All of the data gathered by these devices must be sent and analyzed. The network layer is in charge
of this. It allows these gadgets to communicate with other smart items, servers, and network devices.
It is also in charge of all data transfer.

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 Figure 11: Network Layer

 Application Layer

- The user interacts with the application layer. It's in charge of providing the user with application-
specific services. This might be a smart home application where users press a button in the app to
switch on a coffee machine, for example.

Figure 12: Application Layer

The advantages and disadvantages of IoT architecture

The advantages:

- Teams may work on various sections of the program in concurrently with low dependence on other
teams thanks to layered design.

- Different components of the program may be deployed, maintained, and updated separately and on
different time schedules.

- Layered design also makes it easier to test the components individually.

The disadvantages:

- Changes to lower-level interfaces tend to filter up to higher levels, especially when using the relaxed
layered method.
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- Layers assist in controlling and encapsulating the complexity of huge programs, but they can add
complexity to basic applications.

- The added overhead of going through layers instead of calling a component directly may have a
detrimental impact on performance.

IoT Frameworks
- The Internet of Things foundation is what allows linked devices to communicate smoothly over the
Internet. It's no surprise that it's known as the "Internet of Things" framework, or, in other words, the
framework that allows "Things" (devices) to interact via the Internet.

Main Components of the Internet of Things Framework

 Device Hardware

- The IoT framework's device hardware component necessitates a fundamental understanding of

architecture. The user must also have a basic understanding of how the various microcontrollers and
sensors function. Sensors, microcontrollers, and controllers are examples of hardware components
that are part of this IoT framework component.

Figure 13: Device Hardware

 Device Software

- The supplied writing programs are necessary to configure the controller and then run them remotely
in order for the IoT framework's device software to function effectively. A fundamental grasp of how
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an API works inside microcontrollers, as well as how libraries are often created for programming, is
required of the user.

Figure 14: Device Software

 Communication and Cloud Platform

- One of the most important components of the IoT architecture is the cloud platform. It necessitates a
fundamental understanding of all forms of communication, whether wireless or wired. The user must
also have a thorough grasp of IoT integration as well as how cloud technology works. To summarize,
the IoT Framework's communication and Cloud Platform is where all conversations take place.

Figure 15: Communication and Cloud Platform

 Cloud Application

- A cloud application is a form of software that consists mostly of components that can be accessed
more easily and quickly. These components might be on-premises or in the cloud. The cloud
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application strives to enhance the system so that it can reach its full potential. To put it another way, a
cloud application is a written application for an IoT framework that connects all local hardware devices
as well as cloud-based gadgets.

Figure 16: Cloud Application

Open Source IoT Frameworks

- Consider the following three facts to better grasp what an open source IoT framework is:

I. Every customer desires to be able to use any technological device of their choosing, rather
than being restricted or compelled to utilize products from a single vendor (for instance, some
smart-watches require that they are paired with only smartphones from the same vendor).

II. All IoT device vendors hope that their devices' integration might be made more easier, and
even possible with a wide range of various technological ecosystems.

III. Those who write apps desire they could support a wide range of devices without having to
write vendor-specific code. All of the aforementioned problems may be solved using an open
source framework. It enables such large-scale operations as well as great degrees of flexibility.
The majority of open source IoT frameworks are free to download and install, and they are
simple to use.

Here are several open source IoT frameworks that we suggest:

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  GE PREDIX

- The cloud foundry idea is at the heart of the GE PREDIX open-source platform. Despite the fact that
this open source IoT framework was created for GE's internal operations, it has grown to become one
of the most popular and successful IoT platforms accessible. The GE PREDIX open source software
enables users to effectively manage assets, assure the security and real-time operation of linked
devices, and simplify the capture, storage, and access of huge amounts of data.

Figure 17: GE PREDIX

 KAA IoT

- The KAA IoT is a cloud platform that enables customers to realize and implement any smart
product ideas they may have. The user may manage as many linked devices as they like while
using the KAA IoT framework. Because of the platform's cross-device compatibility, it is feasible to
manage an endless number of devices. The KAA IoT framework also allows for remote monitoring
and configuration of linked devices.The KAA IoT cloud platform is not only a powerful open-source
IoT framework, but it's also one of the most adaptable open-source solutions available. It is what
permits data to be transferred between linked devices and other IoT framework components.

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 Figure 18: KAA IoT

 ThingSpeak
- Users may utilize the ThingSpeak framework to not only analyze but also display data in MATLAB.
The fact that our open source IoT framework accomplishes this eliminates the requirement for the
user to purchase a license in order to execute these services. The open source ThingSpeak allows for
the gathering and storing of sensor data, even in private channels. Furthermore, this open-source
enables sensor data to be shared via public channels. The ThingSpeak open-source framework is most
commonly used for delivering warnings, monitoring particular locations, and sensor logging.

Figure 19: ThingSpeak

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IoT tools
- The Internet of Things Tools are referred to as IoT Tools. It is a network or link of devices, cars,
embedded electronics-enabled equipment, household appliances, and buildings, among other things.
This aids in the collection and exchange of many types of data. It also allows the user to operate the
gadgets across a network from afar.

IoT Hardwares
- Hardware may take various shapes in the Internet of Things, whether it's the underlying processors
that operate the phones, the sensors that gather data from the actual world, or the edge machines
that process and analyze the data. IoT hardware is at the heart of every connected endeavor, and the
technological capabilities of these boards have only grown in importance as the Internet of Things has
grown. Choosing the proper IoT hardware for a project, however, might be difficult due to the large
number of design boards and modules in the room. We'll look at several features of IoT hardware in
this post, as well as how these devices transfer data to the internet.

Figure 20: IoT Hardwares

IoT Hardware Devices

- Whether working on a wearable gadget, an integrated lighting system, or even a jet engine, the basic

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components of an IoT device are strikingly similar. Sensors, microcontrollers, and a communication
channel are the three primary hardware components of a wireless sensor node.

 Sensors

- Sensors are the most important hardware in IoT applications since they collect data from the
environment. Power management, RF, energy, and sensor modules are all part of these systems. An
RF module manages communication from Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, transceiver, BAW, and duplexer.

 Microcontrollers

- A microcontroller is a device that is incorporated into a single integrated circuit and is dedicated to
carrying out a particular task and operating an application. This includes programmable peripherals, a
memory unit, and a CPU. Microcontrollers are commonly employed in remotely operated electronic
equipment such as mobile phones, washing machines, microwaves, and cameras, and are developed
particularly for embedded applications.

 Other IoT hardware

- IoT hardware includes smart wearable gadgets such as smart memory, glasses, rings, and shoes. As
part of an IoT network, smart gadgets allow us to access more of the material and resources we like,
as well as provide a new way to cooperation. Standard command centers include desktops, mobile
phones, and tablets, and they remain an important element of IoT applications. Switches, hubs, and
routers, among other network distribution equipment, serve as important connectors in IoT
applications.

IoT software
- Platforms, partner systems, and middleware are all used in IoT software to solve networking and

activity. Individual and master apps are both in charge of:

+ Data Collection : IoT-connected devices and technologies can monitor and measure data in real time.
This information can help you save time, money, and energy.

+ Application: Application of IOT Software are as follows:

 Connected Homes

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  Connected Vehicles

 Industrial Applications

 Wearable Devices

+ Process extension: Existing systems and software can be extended by using applications. It has the
most efficient systems. It connects preset devices for a specific purpose, such as granting access to
specific mobile devices. It boosts productivity while while collecting data.

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LO2 Outline a plan for an appropriate IoT application using common architecture, frameworks,
tools, hardware and APIs

P4 Determine a specific problem to solve using IoT.

- Currently, I am a software developer assigned to be in charge of a smart robot vacuum product
development project. Robot vacuum cleaner is a robot vacuum cleaner with intelligent programming
that automates vacuuming. The robot vacuum cleaner has a number of features: automatically
working, automatically mapping the room to the optimal working plan, equipped with a dirt sensor
that controls the suction force, flexibly changing according to other floor materials. together; the filter
helps to filter out micro-ions and remove skin irritants; UV germicidal ultraviolet light helps the robot
vacuum effectively with both physical and chemical dirt. With this product will help you save time,
money and effort for house cleaning. Take a break, spend more time with your family, the hard
cleaning tasks let the cleaning robot take over.

Figure 21: Robot vacuum cleaner

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 Smart Home Project
Robot vacuum cleaner
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 REFERENCES

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