ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification TEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Unit 43: Internet of Things

Submission date Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Nguyen Van Manh Student ID BHAF200048

Class BPIT17010 Assessor name Le Van Thuan

Student declaration

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature

Grading grid

P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3 M4 D1 D2

1|Page
2|Page
 Summative Feedback:  Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

3|Page
Internal Verifier’s Comments:

Signature & Date:

4|Page
 TABLE CONTENT

Table of Contents
TABLE CONTENT ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
A. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
B. CONTENT ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
I. Explore various forms of IoT functionality(P1) ............................................................................................................................................ 6
1. What is IOT ? ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
2. History of IOT .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
3. Characteristics of IOT ................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
4. Why is it important .................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
5. Applications ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
II. Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use in IoT development(P2) ............................. 18
1. Architecture ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 18
2. Framework ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
3. Tools ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 21
4. Hardwares .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 24
5. APIS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28
III. Investigate architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and API techniques available to develop IoT applications(P3) ..................... 30
1. Architecture ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30
2. Framework ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 31
3. Tools ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 31
4. Hardwares .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 33
IV. Determine a specific problem to solve using IoT(P4) ................................................................................................................................. 34
5|Page
 1. Problem definition ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
2. Purpose of the project ................................................................................................................................................................................ 34
3. Functions of the project ............................................................................................................................................................................. 34
C. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 34
D. REFERENCE ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34

A. INTRODUCTION
Each development stage of world history is associated with revolutions in science and technology. And today, the
Internet of Things revolution has created significant changes to human life in the present and in the future.With the
development of the Internet, smartphones and especially sensor devices, the Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming a
new trend of the world. IoT is defined as devices that are able to connect to the Internet. You enter the house, unlock
the door, the lights will automatically turn on where you stand, the air
conditioner will automatically adjust the temperature, the music will automatically turn on to welcome you... things
only in sci-fi movies, are gradually becoming reality with IoT technology.
My assignment includes four parts:
- Explore various forms of IoT functionality.
- Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use in
- IoT development.
- Investigate architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and API techniques available to
- develop IoT applications.
- Finally, determine a specific problem to solve using IoT.
B. CONTENT
I. Explore various forms of IoT functionality(P1)
1. What is IOT ?

6|Page
The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects—“things”—that are embedded with
sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other
devices and systems over the internet. These devices range from ordinary household objects to sophisticated
industrial tools. With more than 7 billion connected IoT devices today, experts are expecting this number to
grow to 10 billion by 2020 and 22 billion by 2025. Oracle has a network of device partners.

7|Page
 (What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?, 2022)

2. History of IOT

8|Page
 The concept of adding sensors and intelligence to physical objects was first discussed in the 1980s, when
some university students decided to modify a Coca-Cola vending machine to track its contents remotely. But
the technology was bulky and progress was limited.
The term ‘Internet of Things’ was coined in 1999 by the computer scientist Kevin Ashton. While working at
Procter & Gamble, Ashton proposed putting radio-frequency identification (RFID) chips on products to track
them through a supply chain.
He reportedly worked the then-buzzword ‘internet’ into his proposal to get the executives’ attention. And the
phrase stuck.
Over the next decade, public interest in IoT technology began to take off, as more and more connected devices
came to market.
In 2000, LG announced the first smart refrigerator, in 2007 the first iPhone was launched and by 2008, the
number of connected devices exceeded the number of people on the planet.
In 2009, Google started testing driverless cars and in 2011, Google’s Nest smart thermostat hit the market,
which allowed remote control of central heating.
(Maeder, 2022)
3. Characteristics of IOT
- Connectivity
Connectivity is an important requirement of the IoT infrastructure. Things of IoT should be connected to the
IoT infrastructure. Anyone, anywhere, anytime can connect, this should be guaranteed at all times. For
example, connection between people through internet devices like mobile phones ,and other gadgets, also
connection between Internet devices such as routers, gateways, sensors, etc.
- Intelligence and Identity
The extraction of knowledge from the generated data is very important. For example, a sensor generates data,
but that data will only be useful if it is interpreted properly. Each IoT device has a unique identity. This
identification is helpful in tracking the equipment and at times for querying its status.
- Scalability

9|Page
The number of elements connected to the IoT zone is increasing day by day. Hence, an IoT setup should be
capable of handling the massive expansion. The data generated as an outcome is enormous, and it should be
handled appropriately.

10 | P a g e
11 | P a g e
 - Dynamic and Self-Adapting (Complexity)
IoT devices should dynamically adapt themselves to the changing contexts and scenarios. Assume a camera
meant for the surveillance. It should be adaptable to work in different conditions and different light situations
(morning, afternoon, night).
- Architecture
IoT architecture cannot be homogeneous in nature. It should be hybrid, supporting different manufacturers ‘
products to function in the IoT network. IoT is not owned by anyone engineering branch. IoT is a reality when
multiple domains come together.
- Safety
There is a danger of the sensitive personal details of the users getting compromised when all his/her devices
are connected to the internet. This can cause a loss to the user. Hence, data security is the major challenge.
Besides, the equipment involved is huge. IoT networks may also be at the risk. Therefore, equipment safety is
also critical.

4. Why is it important
Over the past few years, IoT has become one of the most important technologies of the 21st century. Now that
we can connect everyday objects—kitchen appliances, cars, thermostats, baby monitors—to the internet via
embedded devices, seamless communication is possible between people, processes, and things.

By means of low-cost computing, the cloud, big data, analytics, and mobile technologies, physical things can
share and collect data with minimal human intervention. In this hyperconnected world, digital systems can
record, monitor, and adjust each interaction between connected things. The physical world meets the digital
world—and they cooperate.

5. Applications
- Smart City

12 | P a g e
A smart city, or "City of the Future" is a popular internet of things application concept that classifies
technology as responsible for improving urban infrastructure to make urban centers more efficient, cheaper,
and better to live in. It also aims to improve economic growth and help maintain environmental sustainability.

The concept of "Smart City" addresses planning and public administration through the automation of services
in a creative and sustainable way. Smart cities improve and modernize many sectors, including government
services, transport and traffic management, energy, healthcare, water, innovative urban agriculture, and waste
management.
13 | P a g e
- Smart Home

Smart homes are the most trendy among this list of IoT applications. Smart homes control home appliances
including lights, alarms, and water flow from taps, while promoting home security and safety through
elaborate, smart security systems.

With smart homes, homeowners have access to control and monitor home processes through their
smartphones, tablets, and laptops. Imagine you forgot to turn off your oven — you might be able to simply
turn it off through your phone.
14 | P a g e
Smart homes allow you to manage all your home devices from one place.

- Smart Self-Driving Cars

Self-driving and operating cars used to be a thing of the future - now it’s our present. You can use smart car
technology to control certain functionalities through your smart device.

Central computers installed in the car receive data from sensors installed throughout the car to determine
engine oil level, radiator water temperature, etc

15 | P a g e
You can even monitor the state of the car, including its location, oil levels, gas, and more through a phone
app.

- Retail IoT

Similar to the industrial sector, the retail sector can find savings, efficiencies, and innovation using the internet
of things technology. Retail IoT can accomplish a lot, including improved customer experience, accurate and
real-time product tracking, improved staff strategy, and overall efficient inventory management.

16 | P a g e
Retailers can also monitor customer shopping patterns with the IoT, identifying their purchase history, trends,
and location information to better inform customer strategies.

(2022)

17 | P a g e
II. Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use in IoT
development(P2)
1. Architecture
- Physical/device layer. This comprises the sensors, actuators and other smart devices and connected
devices that comprise the physical layer and device layer. These smart devices either capture data
(sensors), take action (actuators) or sometimes both.
- Network layer. This comprises the network devices and communications types and protocols (5G, Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth, etc.). Although many IoT architectures rely on general-purpose network layers, there is an
increasing trend to move to dedicated IoT-specific networks.
- Data/database layer. This also includes the database platform layer. There are a range of databases used
for IoT architectures, and many organizations spend a fair amount of time selecting and architecting the
right IoT databases.

18 | P a g e
 - Analytics/visualization layer. This layer comprises the analytics layer, visualization layer and perception
layer. In essence, this layer's focus is on analyzing the data provided by IoT and providing it to users and
applications to make sense of.
- Application/integration layer. This is the layer of applications and platforms that integrate together to
deliver the functionality from the IoT infrastructure to the business. In other words, the application layer,
platform layer and integration layer are what provide the business value from the IoT infrastructure. The
processing layer and business layer are all part of the larger application/integration layer.
- Security and management layer. As the name implies, this layer encompasses both the security layer and
the management layer. Strictly speaking, this is not a layer as it has connections with all the other layers to
provide security and management. But it's an important component that's worth considering at every layer.

2. Framework
a. KAA IoT
Kaa IoT cloud platform is one the most efficient and rich open-source Internet of
Things cloud platforms where anyone has a free way to materialize their smart
product concepts. On this platform, you can manage an unlimited number of
connected devices with cross-device interoperability.
You can achieve real-time device monitoring with the possibility of remote device
provisioning and configuration. It is one of the most flexible IoT platforms for your
business which is fast, scalable, and modern.
b. Eclipse
Eclipse IoT platform is built around the java/OSGi-based Kura API container and
aggregation platform for M2M applications running on service gateways. Kura is an
open-source framework based on Eurotech’s everywhere cloud IoT framework and is
often integrated with the Apache Camel.

19 | P a g e
 Some of its major sub-projects include the PAho messaging protocol framework and the Eclipse
SmartHome framework.
c. ZETTA
Zetta is a server-oriented platform that has been built around NodeJS, REST, and a
flow-based reactive programming development philosophy linked with the Siren
hypermedia APIs. They are connected with cloud services after being abstracted as
REST APIs. People believe that the Node.js platform is best to develop IoT
frameworks.

These cloud services include visualization tools and support for machine analytics tools like Splunk. It
creates a zero-distributed network by connecting endpoints such as Linux and Arduino hacker boards with
platforms such as Heroku.
d. GE PREDIX
GE’s platform as a service software for industrial IoT is based on the concept of
cloud foundry. It adds asset management, data collection, device security, and real-
time, predictive analytics that also supports heterogeneous data acquisition, access,
and storage.

GE predix was developed by GE for its own operations and consequently has
become one of the most successful of the enterprise IoT platforms and with the recent partnering of GE
and HPE, the future looks even better.

20 | P a g e
 e. DeviceHive
DeviceHive is yet another feature-rich open-source IoT platform that is currently
distributed under the Apache 2.0 license and is free to use and change. It provides
Docker and Kubernetes deployment options and can be downloaded and use with
both public and private cloud.

It allows you to run batch analytics and machine learning on top of your device data
and more. Various libraries, including Android and iOS libraries, are supported in DeviceHive.
f. OpenHAB

OpenHAB IoT framework is capable of running on any device that is capable of

running a JVM. All the IoT technologies are abstracted by the modular stack into
“items”, and offer rules, scripts, and supports for persistence—the ability to retain
device states for a period of time.

It offers a variety of web-based UIs and is supported by major Linux hacker boards. It
is deployed on-premise and connects to devices and services from different vendors.
(10 Best Open Source IoT Frameworks, Platforms in 2021, 2022)
3. Tools
Here are the top-class IoT tools and platforms for IoT developers and development.
a. Tessel 2

21 | P a g e
 Tessel 2 is a robust IoT platform that is used to build basic IoT solutions and prototypes. It integrates
additional sensors and modules. This board has a capacity to hold up to a dozen modules including RFID,
GPS, camera, and accelerometer.

This Tessel is very easier for those developers who are familiar with Node.JS programming. This way,
Tessel can be used to host several servers and hardware firmware IoT solutions. You can leverage all the
libraries of Node.JS to unveil a host of devices in minutes with Tessel.
b. Eclipse IoT
Eclipse IoT is an open-source platform that allows IoT developers and IoT development companies to
develop applications in Java. With the help of Eclipse IoT, you can build IoT Devices, Cloud Platforms,
and Gateways. This tool focuses on the development, adoption, and promotion of open-source IoT
technologies.

22 | P a g e
 These IoT protocols, application frameworks and services, and tools are promoted as the best-suited
programming language for IoT using Lua programming language.
c. Node-RED

23 | P a g e
 Node-RED is a simple and open-source visualization tool built on
Node.JS which is used to connect the devices, services, and APIs
together for the Internet of Things. Node-RED is a user-friendly
interface, developed by IBM’s Emerging Technology department,
allowing you to connect, hardware, an API or an online service with
tight integration. It helps you connect the devices easily and quickly. It
helps deal with the flow of the data, integrates with APIs, services and
any devices.
4. Hardwares
a. Microcontroller development board
A microcontroller provides data processing and storage capabilities. A microcontroller contains a processor
core, memory, and erasable programmable read-only memory to store custom programs that run on the
microcontroller. The microcontroller development board has extra circuitry to support the microcontroller for
more convenient prototyping and programming of the chip. Following are two popular microcontroller
development boards
ARDUINO
- Arduino is a popular name in the DIY prototyping space. The company offers a wide range of open
source development kits, microcontrollers, and software tools for building connected products.
- The main advantage that Arduino has over other vendors is a well-established name in the electronics
development space. They also have software tools support for third-party libraries, a variety of
sensors, resources, and community that can help answer questions.

24 | P a g e
ESP8266
It has a community of active adopters. Notable development boards based on the ESP8266 include AdaFruit's
NodeMCU, WeMos D1, and Feather Huzzah. Several alternative firmware options for the ESP8266-based
boards have been developed by the open source community and manufacturers, allowing IoT developers to
program these boards using Lua, Python, and JavaScript, It also supports over-theair (OTA) updates.

25 | P a g e
b. The sensors
The most important hardware in IoT may be its sensors. These devices include power module, power
management module, RF module and sensor module. The RF module manages communication through
signal processing, WiFi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, radio transceiver, duplexer and BAW. The sensor module
manages sensors through active and passive gauge types.
Below are some of the sensors used in the IOT system: Distance Sensor
c. Wearable electronics

26 | P a g e
 Wearable electronics are small devices that are worn on the head, neck, arms, torso, and feet.
Current smart wearable devices include:
- Head - Helmet, glasses
- Neck - Jewelry, necklace
- Arm - Watch, bracelet, ring
- Torso - Clothes, backpacks
- Feet - Socks, shoes
d. Standard equipment

27 | P a g e
 - Desktops, tablets, and mobile phones remain integral parts of IoT as command and remote control
centers.
- The desktop provides the user with the highest degree of control over the system and its settings.
- Tablets provide access to key system features in a similar way to desktop computers and also act as
a remote control.
- Mobile phones allow modification of some necessary settings and also provide remote
functionality.
Other important connectivity devices include standard network devices such as routers and switches
5. APIS
An application program interface (API) is a set of processes, protocols, and tools for building software
applications; it specifies how the software components will interact. APIs are closely linked to IoT because
they allow us to securely expose customerconnected devices, go-to-market channels, and other applications
in IT infrastructure, and connected APIs connect important things like cars, medical equipment, energy grids.

28 | P a g e
- Google Assistant API

29 | P a g e
 Google Assistant can be embedded into devices to enable voice control, hot word detection, natural language
understanding and other smart services. These Google Assistant tracking APIs provide a way to manage and
chat with devices. Google Assistant enables voice control of apps for phones, speakers, smart displays, cars,
watches, laptops, TVs, and other Google Home devices.
- Apple HomeKit
Apple's HomeKit provides a platform for devices, apps, and services to communicate with each other. Using
Siri, iPhone users can control supported devices in their home. Lights, thermostats, garage doors, etc. All can
be controlled by voice.
- REST API
REST allows data to travel over internet protocols and authorize and manage
authorization.
REST plays an important role and you can use REST on the entire stack. REST has become a de facto
protocol for the web. It is understood by almost every web server and endpoint on the internet. IoT leverages
a lot of REST endpoints. Many services are REST-based, allowing you to quickly assemble an IoT
infrastructure.
One thing for sure about IoT is the Internet. Applications and devices in a near-global way of communicating
over the Internet is through RESTful services. REST APIs provide the simplest way for connected
applications and things to interact in a standard, easy-to-understand way.
III. Investigate architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and API techniques available to develop IoT
applications(P3)
1. Architecture
While there are countless ways to build a complete IoT architecture from start to finish,
this architecture simplifies it into three basic building blocks:
- Sensing Layer : Sensors, actuators, and edge devices interacting with the
environment
- Network Layer :
- Discover, connect, and translate devices over the network and coordinate with
30 | P a g e
 - the application layer
The IoT gateway is an important intermediary that acts as a messenger and
- interpreter between the cloud and clusters of smart devices.
• Application Layer:
- Processing and storing data with specialized services and functions for users
2. Framework
The ESP8266EX integrates an enhanced version of Tensilica's L106 Diamond series 32- bit processor, with
on-chip SRAM, in addition to its Wi-Fi functions.
Arduino has provided user-friendly libraries using the SDK APIs. Since arduino has made its iot
development environment easy to influence developers, it is easy for us to develop applications with Arduino
Ide. The Ewings framework sits on top of the Arduino libraries
3. Tools
Arduino IDE
- Arduino IDE is an open source software mainly used to write and compile code into Arduino modules
or other modules
- It makes compiling code so easy that even an average person with no technical knowledge can do it.
- It has versions for operating systems such as MAC, Windows, Linux and runs on Java platform with
built-in functions and commands that are important for debugging, editing and compiling code in the
environment. .
- This environment supports both C and C++ languages. Figure 20 Arduino IDE
- The Arduino IDE integrates with over 700 libraries, written and shared by the publisher Arduino
Software and members of the Arduino community. We can utilize them for our own project without
spending any money.

31 | P a g e
Blynk

Blynk is an open source software designed for IoT (Internet of Things) applications. The application helps us
to use remote hardware control, can display sensor data, store data, transform data or do many other things.

Currently, Blynk supports 2 platforms, Android and iOS. You can search on Blynk on AppStore and
GooglePlay.

32 | P a g e
 The Blynk Platform has three main parts

- Blynk App : Blynk application allows to create interfaces for projects dự30
- Blynk Server: Responsible for two-way back-and-forth communication between the phone and the
hardware. We can use Blynk's server but will be limited to Enegry points.
- Blynk Library: A library containing popular platforms, making it easier to communicate hardware with
the Server
4. Hardwares
- Arduino uno r3
- Moldel wifi
- Led
- LCD display
- Model i2c
33 | P a g e
 - Relay
IV. Determine a specific problem to solve using IoT(P4)
1. Problem definition
The use of water tanks is widely used by people everywhere. Then there are some problems such as not
controlling the water level in the tank, not automatically pumping when out of water, pumping too much
water leading to water waste. This electronic system communicates with the user through a
electronic board, mobile app, tablet or web interface.
In this project, I will do the project "managing the water level and automatically pumping when the water
runs out"
2. Purpose of the project
My project will save the user from having to run to the switch of the water pump. Just have a smartphone in
hand and connect to the home's intranet, we can open the application to control the pump.
Displays the water level through the LCD screen to help users manage the water level in the tank
3. Functions of the project
- Machine controlled via blynk app
- Shows the water level in the tank
- Automatically pump when running out of water
C. CONCLUSION
To summarize through the above, I have analyzed what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when designing
software applications and Outline a plan for an appropriate IoT application using common architecture, frameworks,
tools, hardware and APIs. I also applied my selected techniques to create an IoT application development plan.
D. REFERENCE
Oracle.com. 2022. What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?. [online] Available at: <https://www.oracle.com/internet-of-
things/whMaeder, C., 2022. Infographic: The History of IOT - IoTNews.asia. [online] IoTNews.asia. Available at:
<https://iotnews.asia/92/iotinfographics/infographic-history-iot/> [Accessed 8 August 2022].at-is-iot/> [Accessed 8
August 2022].
Hackr.io. 2022. [online] Available at: <https://hackr.io/blog/top-10-iot-applications> [Accessed 21 August 2022].
34 | P a g e
Techtic Solutions. 2022. 10 Best Open Source IoT Frameworks, Platforms in 2021. [online] Available at:
<https://www.techtic.com/blog/top-10-open-source-iot-frameworks/> [Accessed 23 August 2022].

35 | P a g e