ITM: A Perspective on the Adoption and Readiness of

Telehealth Application in the Libyan Health Sector

Project Paper (062021-SIV)

Student: EMHIMMED ELSANOSI EMHIMMED ALGAZAIRI

Student ID : TP060171

Supervisor : Dr INTAN FARHANA KAMSIN

 Acknowledgement

First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to God Almighty for granting me this
blessing, opening doors for me, and enabling me to successfully study for a master's degree in a
place that I consider my second home. I also thank God for providing the opportunity to pass this
stage under these exceptionally great and supportive leaders who have done their best to
overcome difficulties and stand by me in all the dark circumstances. They are the source of
positive energy in the academic field and even outside of academic life. Therefore, I dedicate this
work to those who did not spare me their kindness, who, thanks to their support for me, I am
here, to my late father, ELSANOSI ALGAZAIRI, may God have mercy on him. To my mother,
YASMINA ALTIRIKI for being my refuge of comfort and a safe embrace to strengthen me every
time I weaken from the pressures of life. To my dear wife, my companion in my path and my
inspiration in pursuing my ambition. Secondly, I extend my sincere thanks and appreciation to
my supervisor Dr Intan Farhana Kamsin, for her wise leadership and unlimited support
throughout this academic journey. I would like to thank my brothers and sisters for their praying
for me all the time and for their kind words to me. I would like to thank my close friends who
have not ceased to be generous to me and their constant communication and reassurance who
have filled my time with happiness and joy during the pandemic and the curfew overseas period.
 Abstract

Telehealth means the utilization of electronic data and media communications technologies to
help significant distance clinical medical care to patients provide health related education and
public health advice. Communication technologies include videoconferencing, the web, store-
and-forward imaging, streaming media, and wireless communication.

This paper examines the Libyan health sector in relation to IT management and the ways in which
the adoption of telehealth can significantly improve the results of management practice and
implementation. The research found that the health sector is moving forward with a digital
transformation, which can contribute to overcoming obstacles to adopting telehealth in the
health sector management processes. In fact, social media applications are used to communicate
between stakeholders to facilitate management among themselves as well as patients to
communicate with physicians. Thus, the potential for adoption is somewhat perceived. However,
many obstacles face the adoption of this technology, as ITM is a new and rare specialization in
Libya, which leads to a lack of technical and knowledge expertise, which may slow down the
adoption process at the sector management level.
Contents Table

CHAPTER - ONE .......................................................................................................................... 7

1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 7
1.1 Background of the problem ...................................................................................................... 7
1.2. Statement of the Problems ....................................................................................................... 8
1.3 Aim and objectives of the study.............................................................................................. 10
1.4 Research Question .................................................................................................................. 13
1.5 Significance of Study .............................................................................................................. 14
1.6 Chapter Summary ................................................................................................................... 15
CHAPTER – TWO: Literature Review ........................................................................................ 16
2. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 16
2.1 Search Description .................................................................................................................. 18
2.2 Conceptual framework ............................................................................................................ 19
2.3 Review of Research ................................................................................................................ 20
2.4 Telehealth reforms in Libya .................................................................................................... 23
2.5 Chapter Summary ................................................................................................................... 24
CHAPTER – THREE: Methodology ........................................................................................... 25
3. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 25
3.1 Technique Used to Define Diagnosis Categories .............................................................. 26
3.2 Strategy Used to Define Provider Type ............................................................................. 28
3.3 Data Collection Process .................................................................................................... 28
3.4 Standard efficient Review techniques ................................................................................ 28
3.5 Research Design...................................................................................................................... 29
3.6 Research Questions & Hypothesis .......................................................................................... 30
3.7 Population and Sample ........................................................................................................... 31
3.8 Instrumentation ....................................................................................................................... 32
3.8.1 Does the instrument match the chosen definition of the construct? X ................................ 34
3.8.2 Is the instrument well validated and psychometrically sound? X X .................................... 34
3.8.3 Is the instrument applicable to the chosen telehealth intervention and context? ................. 35
3.9 Data Collection & Analysis .................................................................................................... 35
3.10 Chapter Summary ................................................................................................................. 37
CHAPTER – FOUR: ANALYSIS ................................................................................................ 38
4. X Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 38
4.1 Effect of Demographic characteristics: ................................................................................... 39
4.2 Sample Profile......................................................................................................................... 41
4.3 Telehealth staff Education level.............................................................................................. 41
4.4 Telehealth provider Experience and Training......................................................................... 42
4.5 Telehealth staff gender and age .............................................................................................. 43
4. 6 Telehealth staff location, type and country of practice .......................................................... 44
4. 7 Telehealth staff language Bearer ........................................................................................... 45
4.8 Result ...................................................................................................................................... 46
4.9 Influence of participant gender on model output .................................................................... 48
4.10 Influence of age on model output ......................................................................................... 49
4.11 Influence of participant job level Xin model output ............................................................. 52
4.12 Influence of participant Education level ............................................................................... 52
4. 13 Influence of participant experience ...................................................................................... 53
4.14 14 Adoption & Acceptance of Technology in Libya ............................................................ 54
4.15 Chapter Summary ................................................................................................................. 58
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION............................................................................................... 58
5. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 58
5.1 Summary of Research ............................................................................................................. 60
5.2 Research contribution to knowledge ....................................................................................... 61
5.3 Telehealth Challenges in Libya .............................................................................................. 62
5.4 Managerial Implications ......................................................................................................... 64
5.5 Chapter Summary ................................................................................................................... 65
Figures
Figure 2 Educational level ........................................................................................................................... 42
Figure 3 Years of clinical experience ........................................................................................................... 43
Figure 5 Gender .......................................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 5 Age range of participants .............................................................................................................. 44
Figure 7 Health provider types ................................................................................................................... 45
Figure 7 Size of health providers................................................................................................................. 45
Figure 8 Influence of gender of participants on model’s outputs .............................................................. 49
Figure 9: ANOVA test comparing age range of participants based on model’s outputs ............................ 51
Figure 10 Participants’ education level and model outputs ....................................................................... 53
Figure 11 Participants’ years of experience on model’s outputs ............................................................... 54

Tables Table
Table 1: Influence of gender of participants on model’s outputs .............................................................. 48
Table 2: ANOVA test comparing age range of participants based on model’s outputs ............................. 50
Table 3: Post-Hoc test comparing participants’ age range based on Telehealth Readiness ..................... 51
 CHAPTER - ONE

1 Introduction

XIn Xtoday’s Xworld, Xalmost Xeveryone Xknows Xuse Xof Xinternet Xand Xin Xcase Xof
Xmedical Xtreatment Xpeople Xwants Xbetter Xand Xlatest Xadvice Xfrom XDoctors Xto
Xreduce Xthe Xchances Xof Xany Xmistreatment Xof Xtheir Xhealth Xissues. XHealth Xcare
Xis Xa Xhuge Xworry Xaround Xthe Xworld Xand Xtelehealth Xcan Xassume Xa Xfundamental
Xpart Xin Xlessening Xissues Xand Xweaknesses Xcoming Xabout Xbecause Xof Xthe
Xconventional Xframework. XSubsequently, Xthe Xneed Xto Xutilize Xtelehealth
Xadministrations Xturns Xout Xto Xbe Xmore Xbasic. XVirtual Xstages Xand Xweb
Xapplications Xare Xtwo Xof Xthe Xmost Xwell Xknown Xinnovation Xconditions Xin
Xwellbeing. XAccordingly, Xwellbeing Xspecialist Xorganizations Xare Xturning Xout Xto Xbe
Xmore Xworried Xabout Xembracing Xinnovation Xin Xwellbeing Xto Xreinforce Xthe
Xframework, Xfurther Xdevelop Xwellbeing Xthe Xexecutive Xinteraction, Xand Xlessen Xtime
Xand Xcost. X

1.1 Background of the problem

XThis Xstudy Xcentres Xon Xdeciding Xthe Xavailability Xto Xtake Xon Xdistant Xmedical
Xcare Xframeworks Xat Xthe Xmanagerial Xlevel Xin XLibya Xand Xthe Xutilization Xof
Xinnovation Xapparatuses Xfor Xtelehealth Xto Xgive Xwellbeing Xoffices Xto Xspecialist Xco-
ops Xand Xpurchasers Xthe Xsame. XThe Xmedical Xcare Xapplication's Xbasic Xrole Xis Xto
Xwork Xwith Xthe Xwellbeing Xauthoritative Xinteraction, Xlike Xbooking Xa Xmeeting Xwith
Xa Xspecialist Xand Xdiminishing Xswarming Xand Xthe Xlength Xof Xlines. XIt Xwill
Xlikewise Xlook Xto Xgive Xfar Xoff Xmedical Xservices Xto Xall Xpeople Xand Xdecrease
Xenduring, Xpaying Xlittle Xmind Xto Xarea. XThis Xinvestigation Xexpects Xto Xintroduce Xa
Xmodel Xas Xa Xperfect Xanswer Xfor Xlessen Xhealthcare Xissues Xin XLibya. XThis Xreport
Xis Xgiven Xby Xthe Xwill Xgive Xfoundation Xresearch, Xissue Xproclamation, Xtargets Xand
Xobjectives, Xproject Xsubtleties, Xresearch Xapproaches, Xand Xdegree. XTelehealth
Xadministrations Xinvolve Xan Xexpansive Xrange Xof Xcomputerized Xmedical Xcare
Xadministrations. XBoth Xhuge Xmedical Xcare Xframeworks Xand Xlittle Xfree Xpractices
Xare Xapplying Xthis Xarrangement Xwhen Xthey Xutilize Xfar Xoff Xunderstanding
Xobserving Xfor Xdiabetes Xor Xhypertension, Xwhen Xthey Xoffer Xpsychological Xwellness
Xand Xcompulsion Xmedical Xservices Xadministrations Xlike Xtele-therapy, Xand Xwhen
Xthey Xgive Xvirtual Xvisits Xthrough Xcontinuous Xvideo Xconferencing Xlike
XTelemedicine. X(Cited Xon XDeloitte XLife XSciences Xand XHealthcare XGroup, X2012.
XLIBYA: XPrimary Xcare: Xworking Xdifferently- XTele-care X& Xtelehealth X- XA Xgame
Xchanger Xfor Xhealth Xand Xsocial Xcare. XAvailable Xat X
http://www.mondaq.com/Libya/x/212788/Life+Sciences+Biotechnology/Telecare+And+Telehea
lth+A+Game+Changer+For+Health+And+Social+ XCare> X(Last Xaccessed X26.01.2019). X

XIn Xcurrent Xworld Xincluding XLibya, Xestablishments Xand Xassociations Xhave Xstarted
Xto Xexecute Xtelehealth Xinnovation Xinterestingly. XThis Xserves Xto Xset Xup Xan
Xelective Xmethodology Xfor Xdirect Xdoctor Xpatient Xmeetings Xto Xdiminish Xthe Xdanger
Xof XCOVID-19 Xtransmission. XTarget Xthis Xexamination Xexpected Xto Xevaluate Xthe
Xconvenience Xof Xtelehealth Xadministrations Xin XLibya Xand Xto Xgive Xan Xoutline Xof
Xthe Xcurrent XCOVID-19 Xsituation. XTechniques XIn Xthis Xcross-sectional Xexamination,
Xa Xmysterious Xonline Xreview Xwas Xcontrolled Xto XLibyan Xoccupants Xamong XApril
Xand XMay X2020. XMembers Xwere Xreached Xthrough Xdifferent Xsources Xlike Xtext
Xinforming, Xmessages, Xand Xweb-based Xmedia. XThe Xstudy Xthings Xyielded Xdata Xon
Xthe Xsocio Xdemographic Xqualities, Xaccessibility Xand Xopenness Xof Xmedical Xcare
Xadministrations, Ximpacts Xof Xthe XCOVID-19 Xpandemic Xon Xmedical Xcare
Xadministrations, Xpsychological Xwellness Xstatus, Xand Xthe Xattainability Xand Xutilization
Xof Xthe Xtelehealth Xframework.

1.2. Statement of the Problems

XIt Xis Xright Xof Xevery Xpatient Xin Xthe Xworld Xto Xbe Xbest Xtreated Xand
Xgovernment Xshould Xpay Xheed Xto Xresolve Xhealth Xissue Xof Xgeneral Xpublic.
XHowever, Xevery Xcountry Xis Xnot Xestablished Xand Xdeveloped Xespecially Xthird
Xworld Xcountries Xwhere Xhealth Xcare Xservices Xare Xvery Xpitiable Xin Xgovernment
Xhospitals Xand Xcommon Xperson Xcannot Xafford Xprivate Xhospitals Xas Xtheir Xfees Xare
Xout Xof Xreach. XIn Xsome Xrural Xareas Xpeople Xdo Xnot Xhave Xtransport Xfacility Xto
Xreach Xthe Xhospitals Xin Xtime. XSomehow, XTelehealth Xhas Xresolved Xthese Xproblems
Xand Xpeople Xcan Xobtain Xadvices Xthrough Xvarious Xtechnologies Xaround Xthe Xworld
Xfrom Xbest Xlot Xof XDoctors Xand Xhealth Xadvisors. X
XHealth Xcare Xcosts Xhave Xbeen Xincreasing Xfor Xconsumers, Xdriving Xthem Xto Xmake
Xdifferent Xchoices Xin Xtheir Xcare. XSome Xskip Xseeing Xa Xdoctor, Xor Xorder Xgeneric
Xdrugs Xinstead Xof Xbrand Xname Xones; Xsome Xdon’t Xgo Xto Xfollow-up Xcare, Xor
Xskip Xa Xprocedure Xor Xtreatment. XA Xsignificant Xpercentage Xof Xpatients Xask Xabout
Xalternative Xcare Xor Xtreatments Xbecause Xof Xcosts. X(Cited Xon Xarticle Xon
Xchallenges Xfacing Xby XTelehealth Xpublished Xon XJuly X9, X2020 Xby XUniversity Xof
XChicago)
XAs Xto Xavailability Xof Xthe Xtelehealth Xcommunication, Xmost Xpatients Xdid Xnot
Xreport Xany Xproblem Xin Xarriving Xat Xhealth Xcare Xplaces Xor Xorchestrating Xa
Xmeeting Xwith Xa Xspecialist. XHowever, Xthe Xpatients Xrevealed Xchallenges Xin Xgetting
Xto Xtheir Xlaboratory Xreports Xand Xmedical Xrecords, Xwhich Xmight Xbe Ximpacted Xby
Xthe Xinaccessible. XTelehealth Xconnect Xrural Xhealth Xsupport Xproviders Xand Xtheir
Xpatients Xto Xadministrations Xat Xa Xfar Xoff Xsite. XThis Xcapacity Xempowers Xpatients
Xto Xget Xcare Xin Xtheir Xarea Xand Xkeep Xaway Xfrom Xlong Xtravel Xtimes. XGiven
Xthe Xdeficiency Xof Xsome Xclinical Xstrength Xin Xcountry Xtelehealth Xwill Xassume Xa
Xsignificant Xpart Xin Xguaranteeing Xpatients Xin Xprovincial Xnetworks Xcan Xget Xto Xthe
Xconsideration Xthey Xneed. XFor Xinstance, Xenvision Xlocal Xarea Xhealth Xstaff
Xnecessities Xto Xelude Xa Xpatient Xto Xa XStroke XSpecialist Xin Xa Xspace Xwhere Xno
Xsuch Xexperts Xpractice. XWith Xtelehealth, Xhe Xmight Xhave Xthe Xoption Xto Xuse
Xmedia Xcommunications Xinnovations Xto Xassociate Xthe Xpatient Xwith Xan Xexpert Xat
Xa Xfar Xoff Xsite Xas Xopposed Xto Xrequesting Xthat Xthe Xpatient Xtravel Xto Xone Xmore
Xlocal Xarea Xto Xacquire Xcare.
XThe Xpatient Xcan Xget Xan Xassortment Xof Xspecific Xconsideration Xthrough Xtelehealth.
XTelehealth Xis Xparticularly Xuseful Xto Xscreen Xand Xfurther Xdevelop Xcontinuous
Xmedical Xproblems, Xfor Xexample, Xmedicine Xchanges Xor Xongoing Xailments. XThe
XLocal Xarea Xhealth Xsupporter Xwill Xchoose Xwhether Xtelehealth Xis Xappropriate Xfor
Xyour Xwellbeing Xneeds Xwhat Xtelehealth Xalternatives Xare, Xparticularly Xon Xthe Xoff
Xchance Xthat Xyou Xworried Xabout Xthe Xwellbeing Xhazard Xof XCOVID-19. XChanges
Xin Xthe Xmanner Xthat Xmedical Xservices Xis Xconveyed Xduring Xthis Xpandemic Xare
Xexpected Xto Xdecrease Xstaff Xcloseness Xto Xsick Xpeople, Xsafeguard Xindividual
Xdefensive Xgear Xand Xlimit Xthe Xeffect Xof Xpatient Xfloods Xon Xhealth Xcare Xplaces.
XMedical Xcare Xframeworks Xhave Xneeded Xto Xchange Xthe Xway Xthey Xemergency,
Xassess, Xand Xcare Xfor Xpatients Xutilizing Xstrategies Xthat Xdo Xnot Xdepend Xon Xface
Xto Xface Xbenefits. XTelehealth Xadministrations Xassist Xwith Xgiving Xfundamental
Xconsideration Xto Xpatients Xwhile Xlimiting Xthe Xtransmission Xhazard Xof Xthe
Xinfection Xthat Xcauses XCOVID-19, Xto Xmedical Xservices Xstaff Xand Xpatients X(Cited
Xon Xarticle Xon XThe Xrole Xof Xtelehealth Xduring XCOVID-19 Xoutbreak Xon X01
XAugust X2020 Xby Xbiomedcentral.com). X

1.3 Aim and objectives of the study

XWhile Xtelehealth Xinnovation Xand Xits Xutilization Xare Xnot Xnew, Xfar Xand Xwide
Xreception Xamong XHealth Xcare Xprovider Xand Xpatients Xpast Xstraightforward
Xtelephonic Xcommunication Xand Xcorrespondence Xthrough XInternet Xhas Xbeen
Xmoderately Xslow. XBefore Xthe XCOVID-19 Xpandemic, Xpatterns Xshow Xsome
Xexpanded Xrevenue Xbeing Xused Xof Xtelehealth Xadministrations Xby Xboth Xhealth Xcare
Xproviders Xand Xpatients. XHowever, Xlate Xapproach Xchanges Xduring Xthe XCOVID-19
Xpandemic Xhave Xdiminished Xobstructions Xto Xtelehealth Xget Xto Xand Xhave Xadvanced
Xthe Xutilization Xof Xtelehealth Xas Xan Xapproach Xto Xconvey Xintense, Xongoing,
Xessential Xand Xforte Xcare. XMany Xexpert Xclinical Xsocial Xorders Xunderwrite
Xtelehealth Xbenefits Xand Xgive Xdirection Xto Xclinical Xpractice Xin Xthis Xdeveloping
Xlandscape. XTelehealth Xcan Xlikewise Xfurther Xdevelop Xpatient Xwellbeing Xresults.
XVirtual Xvisits Xare Xfilling Xin Xfame. XHowever Xin-person Xoffice Xvisits Xmight Xbe
Xfundamental Xin Xspecific Xcases, Xthere Xare Xmany Xadvantages Xof Xtelehealth Xcare
Xincluding Xrestricted Xactual Xcontact Xdecreases Xeverybody's Xopenness Xto XCOVID-19.
XVirtual Xvisits Xguarantee Xyou Xget Xmedical Xcare Xany Xplace Xyou Xare Xfound Xat
Xhome, Xbusy Xworking Xor Xeven Xin Xyour Xvehicle Xvirtual Xvisits Xcut Xdown Xon
Xmovement, Xdowntime Xfrom Xwork, Xand Xthe Xrequirement Xfor Xkid Xcare Xvirtual
Xmedical Xcare Xinstruments Xcan Xabbreviate Xthe Xhang Xtight Xfor Xan Xarrangement
Xexpanded Xadmittance Xto Xexperts Xwho Xare Xsituated Xfar Xaway Xfrom Xyour Xold
Xneighborhood. XTelehealth Xis Xdefinitely Xnot Xan Xideal Xfit Xfor Xeverybody Xor Xeach
Xailment. XEnsure Xyou Xtalk Xabout Xany Ximpediments Xor Xdangers Xwith Xyour Xnearest
Xmedical Xhospital. X
XThe XAim Xand Xobjectives Xof Xtelehealth Xare Xdefined Xby Xmany Xhealth Xexperts
Xand Xthey Xcharacterized Xtelehealth Xas Xthe Xdelivery Xof Xhealth Xcare Xservices
Xthrough Xuse Xof Xdata Xand Xcorrespondence Xadvancements Xin Xa Xcircumstance
Xwhere Xthe Xactors Xare Xat Xvarious Xareas. XResearcher Xexpressed Xthat Xtelehealth Xis
Xthe Xexchange Xof Xhealth Xdata Xutilizing Xmedia Xcommunications Xinnovation Xby
Xgeologically Xseparated Xsuppliers Xand Xpatients Xwith Xthe Xaim Xto Xaccess, Xdiagnose,
Xtreat, Xor Xteach Xthe Xpatient. XIn Xthis Xreview, Xwe Xcharacterized Xtelehealth Xas
Xmedical Xservices Xfor Xdiagnosis, Xtreatment, Xor Xguiding Xconveyed Xby Xmeans Xof
Xmedia Xtransmission Xadvances Xby Xclinical Xexperts Xat Xfar Xoff Xareas. XDespite Xthe
Xfact Xthat Xthere Xis Xlittle Xuncertainty Xabout Xthe Ximpressive Xadvantage Xof
Xtelehealth Xas Xfar Xas Xdealing Xwith Xthe Xemergency Xbrought Xabout Xby XCOVID-
19, Xthe Xlong Xterm Xprospect Xof Xtelehealth Xremains Xgenerally Xindistinct. XBe Xthat
Xas Xit Xmay, Xthere Xare Xclashing Xsentiments Xon Xthe Xcontinuation Xof Xtelehealth
Xuse Xafter XCOVID-19. XSome Xcontend Xthat Xtelehealth Xmight Xbe Xdeserted Xafter
Xthe XCOVID-19 Xproblem Xis Xsmoothed. XIn Xmany Xcountries Xthe Xincrease Xin Xthe
Xutilization Xof Xtelephone Xvisits Xin Xpediatric Xfacilities Xwas Xsupported Xafter
Xlockdown Xlimitations Xwere Xlifted. XAlong Xthese Xlines, Xwe Xendeavored Xto Xforesee
Xpatterns Xin Xmedical Xcare Xadministration Xuse Xafter XCOVID-19 Xby Xexamining Xthe
Xeffect Xof Xthe Xinfection Xon Xthe Xacknowledgment Xof Xtelehealth. X
XTelehealth Xgives Xone Xof Xkind Xchances Xto Xinterface Xsupplier’s Xand Xpatients Xand
Xto Xwork Xon Xpersistent Xand Xsupplier Xconnections. XThese Xfurther Xdeveloped
Xconnections Xcan Xbe Xconnected Xto Xthe Xfourth Xarm Xof Xthe XTriple XAim Xall Xthe
Xmore Xas Xof Xlate Xalluded Xto Xas Xthe XQuadruple XAim. XThe Xfourth Xpoint
Xanalyzes Xthe Xsignificance Xof Xsupplier Xfulfillment Xsimultaneously Xwith XCenters Xfor
XMedicare Xand XMedicaid X(CMS) Xquality Xmeasurement Xof Xpatient Xfulfillment. X
XThe XQuadruple XAim Xis Xan Xidea Xthat Xpromotes Xthe XInstitute Xof XHealthcare
Xenhancements X(IHI) XTriple XAim Xwhich Xcomprises Xof X3 Xstandards X- Xworking Xon
Xthe Xexperience Xof Xcare, Xworking Xon Xthe Xwellbeing Xof Xpopulaces, Xand Xlessening
Xper Xcapita Xexpenses Xof Xmedical Xcare. XMedical Xcare Xpioneers Xand Xstrategy
Xcreators Xshould Xrapidly Xembrace Xnew Xinnovative Xmediations Xlike Xtelehealth Xto
Xassist Xwith Xmeeting Xthe XCMS XMeaningful Xestimates Xdrives Xand Xthe XHealth Xand
XHuman XServices X(HHS) XHealthy XPeople X2020 Xobjectives Xof Xaccomplishing
Xwellbeing Xvalue, Xdiminishing Xwellbeing Xdifferences, Xand Xlessening Xunexpected
Xlosses Xin Xa Xdeliberate Xway Xwhich Xwill Xprompt Xbetter Xmedical Xcare
Xenvironments Xand Xfurther Xdeveloped Xpopulation Xof Xhealth. X
XThe Xproposed Xfourth Xarm Xof Xthe XIHI Xtriple Xpoint Xmainly Xcenters Xon Xthe
Xfulfillment Xof Xmedical Xcare Xlaborers. XAs Xof Xnow, Xmedical Xcare Xoffices Xare
Xboosted Xby XCMS Xto Xgive Xexcellent Xconsideration Xand Xa Xcritical Xmeasurement
Xof Xthis Xshows Xrestraint Xfulfillment. XThis Xaction Xleaves Xout Xthe Xwellbeing Xand
Xprosperity Xof Xthose Xvery Xpeople Xwho Xare Xgiving Ximmediate Xand Xbackhanded
Xpatient Xconsideration. XTalley Xand XJohn Xfeatured Xthe Xthought Xthat Xproviding Xcare
Xwas Xan Xarising Xgeneral Xmedical Xproblem Xand Xthat Xthe Xwellbeing Xand Xprosperity
Xof Xguardians Xought Xto Xbe Xconsidered Xas Xa Xsignificant Xpiece Xof Xthe Xmedical
Xservices Xenvironment Xaffirming Xthat Xparental Xfigures Xare Xa Xvital Xpiece Xof
Xpatient Xconsideration. XGreat Xconsideration Xconveyance Xcan Xpossibly Xhappen Xwhen
Xmedical Xservices Xcare Xassociations Xrecognize Xthat Xthere Xis Xan Xadvantageous
Xconnection Xbetween Xcare Xconveyance, Xmedical Xservices Xlaborers Xand Xguardian's
Xwellbeing Xand Xprosperity
XAfter Xthe Xspecific Xsurvey Xheld Xto Xunearth Xthe Xpros Xand Xcons Xof Xtelehealth
Xservices, Xit Xis Xobserved Xthat Xatleast Xten Xobjectives Xof Xtelehealth Xservices
Xpointed Xout Xincluding:
- Reducing Xcost Xof Xcare Xdelivery
- Improving Xspecialist Xefficiency
- Providing Xaccess Xto Xnew Xspecialists
- Improving Xpatient Xoutcomes
- Providing Xremote Xand Xrural Xpatients Xwith Xaccess Xto Xcare
 - Improving Xleverage Xof Xlimited Xphysician Xresources
- Increasing Xpatient Xengagement Xand Xsatisfaction
- Improving Xpatient Xconvenience
- Providing X24/7 Xaccess Xto Xspecialists
- Reducing Xhospital Xreadmissions
XWe Xcan Xsay Xthat Xthese Xare Xthe Xmain Xand Ximportant Xobjectives Xwhich Xwere
Xidentified Xafter Xgathering Xthe Xdata Xfrom Xthe Xsurvey Xheld. XThe Xlikely
Xadvantages Xof Xtelehealth Xservices Xmight Xbe Xrestricted Xby Xdifferent Xvariables,
Xlike Xthe Xcapacity Xto Xpay Xfor Xthem. XProtection Xrepayment Xfor Xtelehealth Xstill
Xshifts Xby Xstate Xand Xsort Xof Xprotection. XAdditionally, Xcertain Xindividuals Xwho
Xmight Xbenefit Xmost Xfrom Xfurther Xdeveloped Xadmittance Xto Xmind Xmight Xbe
Xrestricted Xin Xview Xof Xterritorial Xweb Xaccessibility Xor Xthe Xexpense Xof Xcell
Xphones. XThese Xobjectives Xcan Xincrease Xthe Xsafety Xmeasures Xby Xfollowing Xthe
Xguidance Xand Xsuggestions.
XFinally Xwe Xcan Xsay Xthat Xthe Xaim Xof Xtelehealth Xis Xto Xprovide Xbetter Xaccess
Xto Xhealth Xcare Xwhile Xmaintaining Xmedical Xexpenses Xto Xgeneral Xpublic.

1.4 Research Question

XThe Xreport Xquestions Xfor Xthis Xstudy Xwere:

- What Xis Xthe Xclinical Xeffectiveness Xof Xapplying Xtelehealth Xservices Xto
Xfacilitate Xaccess Xto Xhealthcare Xservices Xand Xpatient Xconsultations Xin
Xclinics?
- What Xis Xthe Xcost X- Xeffectiveness Xof Xa Xtelehealth Xapplication Xto Xfacilitate
Xaccess Xto Xhealthcare Xservices Xand Xdirect Xpatients Xin Xclinics?
- How Xdoes Xhealth Xcare Xorganize Xhealth Xmanagement Xto Xreduce Xtime Xand
Xcost Xto Xthe Xindividual Xand Xsociety?
- With Xtelehealth, Xis Xhealth Xcare Xbetter Xthan Xwhat Xthe Xpatient Xwas
Xreceiving?
- Does Xtelehealth Xfacilitate Xa Xmore Xrapid, Xaccurate Xand Xeffective Xtreatment
Xplan?
 - Does Xtelehealth Xfacilitate Xthe Xcollection Xor Xdocumentation Xof Xhealth Xdata?

1.5 Significance of Study

XIn Xthe Xmidst Xof Xpublic Xand Xstate Xcrises, Xmedical Xservices Xsuppliers Xare Xon
Xthe Xforefronts, Xtreating Xpatients Xamidst Xcatastrophic Xevents, Xpandemic Xflare-ups,
Xor Xsome Xother Xemergencies. XMedical Xservices Xframeworks Xshould Xbe Xready Xto
Xgive Xcare, Xhowever Xwithstand Xthe Xharm Xbrought Xabout Xby Xthe Xemergency.
XTelehealth Xfills Xa Xsignificant Xneed Xin Xthe Xmidst Xof Xemergency: Xto Xmake
Xequivalency Xacross Xall Xframeworks, Xregardless Xof Xhow Xharmed Xor Xoverpowered
Xwellbeing Xframeworks Xare Xby Xthe Xconvergence Xof Xpatients. XTelehealth
Xadvancements Xcan Xwork Xregardless Xof Xwhether Xsignificant Xforce Xsources Xand
Xcorrespondence Xstations Xgo Xdown. XThe Xinnovation Xutilized Xby Xspecialists Xon
Xcall Xhas Xprogressed Xa Xlong Xways Xpast Xthe Xstandard Xwalkie-talkies Xof Xthe Xpast.
XWhile Xinclusion Xfor Xthis Xkind Xof Xcare Xwas Xrecently Xrestricted, Xpresently Xmore
Xvirtual Xvisits Xthrough Xtelehealth Xadvances Xcan Xbe Xgiven Xby Xa Xscope Xof
Xmedical Xservices Xsuppliers Xand Xcovered Xby Xprotection. XThese Xexperts Xincorporate
Xmedical Xattendant Xspecialists, Xclinical Xanalysts, Xand Xauthorized Xclinical Xsocial
Xlaborers. XGiven Xthe Xsocial Xseparating Xmeasures Xand Xstay Xat Xhome Xrequests
Xfundamental Xduring Xa Xworldwide Xpandemic, Xthis Xadvantage Xextension Xpermits
Xclinicians Xto Xgive Xcare Xthat Xwould Xnot Xhave Xbeen Xconceivable Xsomething Xelse.
XSince X2011, XLibya Xhas Xbeen Xexperiencing Xthe Xassaults Xof Xprogressive
Xemergencies. XAs Xper Xthe XCountry XHumanitarian Xgroup Xreport, Xthe Xcontentions
Xhave Xadded Xto Xan Xinterior Xremoval Xassessed Xat Xroughly Xa Xlarge Xportion Xof
X1,000,000 Xresidents Xand Xhave Xdebilitated Xa Xsector. XAs Xthe Xarea Xdoes Xnot Xhave
Xa Xfew Xthings Xthat Xcan Xbe Xsummed Xup Xin Xthe Xaccompanying Xfocuses. XWHO
Xhas Xbeen Xsupporting Xfield Xclinics Xand Xfield Xrescue Xvehicle Xgroups Xin XLibya
Xsince Xthe Xstart Xof Xthe Xcontention. XThe XOrganization Xhas Xadditionally Xsent Xcrisis
Xclinical Xgroups Xto Xkey Xreference Xmedical Xclinics Xto Xdo Xmedical Xprocedures Xin
Xmedical Xclinics Xin Xand Xaround XTripoli. XWHO Xis Xadditionally Xgiving Xwellbeing
Xoffices Xclinical Xsupplies, Xincorporating Xinjury Xunits Xwith Xdrugs Xfor Xwar Xinjured.
XThe XLibyan Xmedical Xcare Xframework Xworks Xessentially Xthrough Xgeneral
Xwellbeing Xhabitats Xand Xessential Xconsideration Xplaces, Xat Xwhich Xwellbeing
Xadministrations Xare Xgiven Xat Xno Xexpense. XNonetheless, Xthis Xway Xof Xmedical
Xcare Xarrangement Xneeds Xrefined Xand Xprogressed Xwellbeing Xadministrations.
XFurthermore, Xcountless Xprivate Xplaces Xgive Xpaid Xwellbeing Xadministrations Xthat
Xmight Xpresent Xmore Xbenefits Xover Xconventional Xgeneral Xmedical Xcare
Xadministrations. XNonetheless, Xthese Xcostly Xprivate Xconsideration Xadministrations
Xmay Xaddress Xa Xhindrance Xto Xmind Xarrangement Xamong Xnumerous XLibyan
Xinhabitants. XAlbeit Xsome Xenormous Xorganizations Xgive Xhealth Xcare Xcoverage Xto
Xtheir Xrepresentatives, Xfor Xexample, Xarrangements Xthat Xcover Xthe Xprinciple
Xadministrations Xgiven Xby Xprivate Xmedical Xcare Xcommunities, Xthis Xarrangement Xis
Xrestricted Xto Xa Xquite Xcertain Xpiece Xof Xthe Xpopulace.

1.6 Chapter Summary

XPatients Xfrom Xvarious Xage Xgatherings Xand Xwith Xvarious Xmedical Xissue Xprofited
Xfrom Xdistant Xwellbeing Xadministrations Xthrough Xvideo Xconferencing Xwas
Xcompelling Xin Xconveying Xon Xthe Xweb Xtreatment Xand Xwas Xall Xaround
Xacknowledged Xby Xpatients, Xas Xit Xmimicked Xface Xto Xface, Xup Xclose Xand
Xpersonal Xinterview. XAcknowledgment Xby Xpatients Xexpanded Xbecause Xof Xonline
Xcounsel Xfacilitators Xthat Xadvanced Xcompelling Xand Xadvantageous Xdistant Xtreatment.
XBe Xthat Xas Xit Xmay, Xa Xfew Xpatients Xfavored Xeye Xto Xeye Xinterview Xand
Xshowed Xprotection Xfrom Xonline Xcounsel. XProtection Xfrom Xonline Xcounsel Xwas
Xaffected Xby Xa Xportion Xof Xthe Xrecognized Xobstructions. XBy Xand Xlarge, Xthe
Xstructure Xdistinguished Xthe Xfacilitators Xand Xboundaries Xthat Xdecidedly Xand
Xadversely Ximpacted Xthe Xtake-up Xof Xframeworks, Xindividually.
 CHAPTER – TWO: Literature Review

2. Introduction

XTelehealth Xcan Xpossibly Xresolve Xdifferent Xissues Xin Xpresent Xday Xmedical Xcare
Xby Xexpanding Xthe Xquality, Xavailability, Xusage, Xproductivity Xand Xadequacy Xof
Xmedical Xservices, Xwith Xthe Xadditional Xbenefit Xof Xcost Xdecrease. XRegardless Xof
Xits Xlatent Xcapacity, Xthe Xachievement Xpace Xof Xtelehealth Xadministrations Xhas Xbeen
Xfrustrating. XAside Xfrom Xthe Xundeniable Xmisuse Xof Xgear Xand XHR, Xconsiders Xthe
Xharm Xto Xthe Xstanding Xof Xtelehealth Xa Xconsiderably Xmore Xnoteworthy Xcost. XThe
Xissue Xis, Xinitially, Xthat Xnumerous Xtelehealth Xadministrations, Xwhich Xended Xup
Xbeing Xeffective Xin Xthe Xpilot Xstage, Xcouldn't Xbe Xsupported. XBesides, Xand Xan
Xeven Xa Xmore Xprominent Ximpediment, Xis Xthat Xmany Xmissteps Xin Xthe Xexecution
Xare Xrehashed Xagain Xand Xagain, Xwhile Xa Xcouple Xof Xinstances Xof Xgood Xpractices
Xare Xduplicated. XTelehealth Xand Xdigital Xhealth Xcare Xwhich Xis Xthe Xprovision Xof
Xmedical Xcare Xvia XInformation XCommunication XTechnology X(ICT) Xwith Xhigh
Xspeed Xtelecommunications Xsystems, Xhas Xincreasingly Xbecoming Xpopular Xin
Xproviding Xmedical Xcare Xservices Xcan Xbe Xadopted Xto Xreduce Xinfections Xduring
Xquarantine Xand Xsocial Xdistancing Xpractices X(Cited Xan Xarticle Xon XImplication Xof
Xtelehealth Xand Xdigital Xcare Xby XBokolo XAnthony XJr. Xpublished Xon X29th
XNov.’20)

XDespite Xwhat Xmight Xbe Xexpected, Xtranslation Xidentifies Xwith Xthe Xperception Xof
Xsocial Xwonders Xthrough Xindividual Xclarifications Xand Xquantitative Xopinions XWHO
X2016; XExpert XPanel Xon Xsuccessful Xmethods Xof Xputting Xresources Xinto XHealth
XStudies Xand Xwriting Xsurveys Xof Xtechnologies Xreception Xdemonstrate Xthat
Xpositivism Xis Xa Xset Xup Xstrategy Xfor Xrequest Xthat Xanalysts Xhave Xregularly
Xutilized Xwhen Xexploring Xacknowledgment Xissues Xby Xprofessionals Xof Xtechnology.
XThen Xagain, Xanalysts' Xtechnique Xfor Xtranslation Xand Xmeeting Xis Xwhile Xaffirming
Xthe Xacknowledgment Xof Xinnovation Xat Xthe Xauthoritative Xlevel. XAdditionally,
Xresearch Xphilosophies Xfor Xmedical Xcare Xaccess Xrange Xfrom Xdeciphering Xand
Xdepicting Xpatient Xand Xprofessional Xencounters Xand Xassessing Xadministration Xwith
Xwelfare Xrequirements Xin Xregards Xto Xcost Xand Xadequacy. XIt Xis Xlikewise Xcrucial
Xfor Xtake Xclients' Xviewpoints Xabout Xmedical Xcare Xadministration Xconveyance Xwhile
Xexploring, Xwhich Xthis Xinvestigation Xperceived. XIn Xthis Xexploration Xwork, Xa Xstatus
Xmodel Xwill Xbe Xapplied Xwhere Xmedical Xcare Xavailability Xwill Xbe Xestimated
Xdistantly Xand Xsupported Xin Xthe XLibyan Xwellbeing Xarea Xat Xthe Xauthoritative Xand
Xhierarchical Xlevel. XIn Xthis Xmanner, Xan Xapplied Xsystem Xand Xa Xpoll Xwill Xbe
Xmade Xto Xgather Xdata Xby Xa Xgathering Xof Xtrained Xprofessionals Xand Xclinicians,
Xincluding Xindividuals' Xperspectives, Xas Xinventive Xmethods Xand Xinnovation Xreception
Xare Xcoordinated Xwith Xmedical Xcare Xadministration Xconveyance Xstrategies XWHO.
XWith Xrespect Xto Xthe Xsubjective Xand Xquantitative, Xif Xthe Xtwo Xmethodologies Xare
Xblended, Xthe Xinvestigation Xresults Xwill Xbe Xgenerally Xprecise, Xand Xthought Xshould
Xbe Xgiven Xto Xarranging Xthe Xstrategies Xto Xbe Xincorporated, Xas Xevery Xtechnique
Xhas Xattributes Xand Xapparatuses Xpertinent Xto Xexplicit Xcircumstances. XThe Xblend Xof
Xthe Xtwo Xmethodologies Xproduces Xtwo Xbasic Xadvantages: Xthe Xfirst Xis Xto Xhelp
Xthe Xexamination's Xlegitimacy Xand Xthe Xoutcomes Xby Xturning Xout Xto Xbe
Xmoderately Xsolid, Xand Xthe Xsecond Xis Xto Xmake Xthe Xsearch Xrestricted.

XThe Xintricacy Xof Xa Xtelehealth Xadministration Xis Xfrequently Xbelittled. XThere Xare
Xvarious Xvariables Xthat Xaffect Xits Xprosperity, Xgoing Xfrom Xmechanical Xissues Xto
Xfoundation, Xenactment, Xchange Xthe Xexecutives Xand Xmonetary Xplans Xof Xaction.
XTelehealth Xadministrations, Xby Xdefinition, Xare Xconveyed Xover Xa Xdistance Xand,
Xalong Xthese Xlines, Xconsistently Xrange Xmore Xthan Xone Xhierarchical Xelement. XThese
Xsubstances Xregularly Xshow Xclashing Xauthoritative Xsocieties Xand Xpractices, Xjust Xas
Xinconsistent Xplans Xof Xaction Xand Xadministering Xmeasures. XBesides, Xtelehealth
Xadministrations Xinclude Xmultidisciplinary Xjob Xplayers, Xgoing Xfrom Xa Xwide
Xassortment Xof Xmedical Xcare Xlaborers Xand Xdata Xand Xcorrespondence Xtechnologists,
Xto Xfinancial Xexperts, Xadministrators Xand Xstrategy Xproducers. XThe Xmanner Xby
Xwhich Xchoices Xare Xexecuted, Xissues Xsettled Xand Xchange Xoversaw Xis Xlikewise
Xfrequently Xconnected Xto Xa Xparticular Xdiscipline, Xwhich Xadds Xto Xthe Xconfusions
Xradiating Xfrom Xthe Xexecution Xof Xtelehealth Xadministrations. XThe XCovid X-19
Xpandemic Xhas Xcarried Xchanges Xto Xthe Xmanner Xin Xwhich Xclinical Xconsideration
Xis Xconveyed Xto Xprotect Xwellbeing Xlaborers Xwhile Xat Xthe Xsame Xtime Xoverseeing
Xaccessible Xassets. XThe Xprosperity Xof Xpatients Xand Xmedical Xcare Xlaborers Xis
Xsignificant Xand Xhas Xturned Xinto Xa Xsubject Xof Xdiscussion Xas Xthe Xworld Xfaces
Xchanges Xwith Xthe XCOVID-19 Xpandemic. XThusly, Xthere Xis Xneed Xto Xthink Xabout
Xcreative Xstrategies Xfor Xconveying Xclinical Xconsideration. XTelehealth Xand Xadvanced
Xmedical Xcare Xwhich Xis Xthe Xarrangement Xof Xclinical Xconsideration Xby Xmeans Xof
XInformation XCommunication XTechnology Xwith Xhigh Xspeed Xmedia Xcommunications
Xframeworks, Xhas Xprogressively Xbecoming Xfamous Xin Xgiving Xclinical Xconsideration
Xadministrations Xcan Xbe Xembraced Xto Xdiminish Xcontaminations Xduring Xisolate Xand
Xsocial Xseparating Xrehearses. XIn Xparticular, Xthrough Xarchive Xand Xwriting Xaudit Xthis
Xpaper Xtalks Xabout Xthe Xjob Xof Xtelehealth Xand Xcomputerized Xcare Xarrangements,
Xtypes Xand Xuse Xof Xtelehealth, Xand Xcurrent Xstrategies Xfor XCOVID-19. XAll Xthe
Xmore Xcritically, Xdiscoveries Xfrom Xthe Xarticle Xpresent Xthe Xhuman, Xfoundation, Xand
Xinstitutional Xdeterminants Xthat Ximpact Xthe Xreception Xof Xtelehealth Xand Xadvanced
Xconsideration Xarrangements Xduring Xthe Xpandemic. XThe Xdiscoveries Xexamine Xhow
Xtelehealth Xand Xcomputerized Xcare Xadvances Xcan Xhelp Xthe Xgeneral Xpublic. XThis
Xinvestigation Xgives Xsuggestions Xto Xilluminates Xclinical Xstaffs Xon Xthe Xpotential
Xregarding Xcomputerized Xadvancements Xto Xoffer Xhelp Xduring Xand Xafter Xthe
Xpandemic.

2.1 Search Description

XThe Xmotivation Xbehind Xthis Xtopic Xwas Xto Xdiscover Xand Xanalyze Xexisting
Xstructures Xfor Xthe Xexecution Xof Xtelehealth Xadministrations, Xto Xdistinguish Xnormal
Xtheme Xand Xorganizations, Xjust Xas Xrecognize Xregions Xfor Xfuture Xturn Xof Xevents.
XSuch Xstructures Xwere Xrecognized Xas Xa Xcomponent Xof Xa Xdeliberate Xsurvey
Xmeasure Xand Xare Xportrayed Xin Xthis Xpaper. XThese Xstructures Xare Xsummed Xup
Xtoward Xthe Xstart Xof Xthis Xpaper Xas Xfar Xas Xspeculations Xon Xwhich Xthese
Xsystems Xare Xconstructed, Xtechniques Xused Xto Xcreate Xand Xapprove Xthe Xsystem,
Xthe Xarrangement Xof Xthe Xstructure Xand Xnormal Xsubjects. XThe Xsearch Xdescription
Xdemonstrates Xthat, Xright Xnow, Xthe Xmost Xpersuading Xdistributed Xproof Xin Xregards
Xto Xthe Xadequacy Xof Xtelemedicine Xmanages Xtele-radiology, Xtele-neurosurgery Xtele-
psychiatry, Xtransmission Xof Xecho-cardio-graphic Xpictures, Xand Xthe Xutilization Xof
Xelectronic Xreferences Xempowering Xemail Xinterviews Xand Xvideo Xconferencing
Xamong Xessential Xand Xoptional Xmedical Xservices Xsuppliers. XNonetheless, Xin Xany
Xevent, Xfor Xthese Xapplications, Xthe Xvast Xmajority Xof Xthe Xaccessible Xwriting
Xalludes Xjust Xtoo Xdirect Xtasks Xand Xtransient Xresults, Xand Xby Xand Xlarge Xthe
Xadequacy Xof Xthe Xapplication Xwas Xbeing Xthought Xof, Xas Xopposed Xto Xits
Xviability. XPromising Xoutcomes Xhave Xbeen Xgotten Xfor Xthe Xtransmission Xof
Xelectrocardiograms Xand Xtele-dermatology. XFor Xdifferent Xapplications, Xlogical
Xinformation Xconcerning Xthe Xadequacy Xof Xtelemedicine Xstay Xrestricted. XBy
Xreviewing Xto Xevaluate Xhow Xtelehealth Xprograms Xhave Xbeen Xexecuted Xin Xthe
Xcountry. XThis Xwill Xremember Xgathering Xdata Xfor Xstate-by-state Xrepayment
Xapproaches Xfor Xtelehealth Xprograms. X

2.2 Conceptual framework

XWe Xcan Xdefine Xconceptual Xframework Xto Xcharacterize Xthe Xfactors Xinfluencing
Xtelehealth Xuse Xwithin Xa Xmedical Xspecialty. XBased Xon Xthis Xframework, Xthere Xare
Xthree Xlevels Xof Xfactors, Xincluding, Xmacro, Xmeso Xand Xmicro Xfactors Xcan Xhelp
Xto Xexplain Xbehavior Xas Xhow Xtelehealth Xuse Xwithin Xa Xmedical Xspecialty. XIn
Xmore Xrecent Xyears, Xthe XConsolidated XFramework Xfor XImplementation XResearch
X(CFIR) Xhas Xbeen Xleveraged Xto Xguide Xtelehealth Xservice Ximplementation
Xinitiatives. XThe XConceptual Xframework Xrecognizes Xthe Xmanner Xin Xwhich Xsocial
Xand Xnatural Xcomponents Xwork Xintelligently Xto Xcause Xindividual Xhealth Xresults,
Xand Xthe Xmanner Xin Xwhich Xthey Xwork Xtandem Xto Xcause Xthe Xexamples. XThe
Xsystem Xaccordingly Xmanages Xthe Xconnections Xbetween Xthe Xsocial Xand Xthe
Xorganic.
XIn Xthe XMacro Xlevel, Xthe Xframeworks Xon Xtelehealth Xstatus Xappraisal, Xexamples
Xin Xtelemedicine Xadministration Xdevelopment, Xstructure Xfor Xsurveying Xhealth
Xframework Xchallenges, Xthe Xsystem, Xand Xthe XCFIR Xall Xhighlight Xthe Xsignificance
Xof Xthought Xfor Xstrategy Xlevel Xcomponents, Xlawful Xmoral Xelements, Xand Xother
Xsocial Xlevel Xstructures.
XIn XMeso Xlevel, Xaccentuation Xon Xthe Xapparent Xsignificance Xin Xthe Xapparent
Xadvantage Xin Xillustrations Xfrom Xtelemedicine Xdevelopment Xfocuses Xto Xthe
Xsignificance Xof Xconsidering Xthe Xjob Xof Xthe Xchronicled Xapparent Xsignificance Xor
Xreasoning Xfor Xtelehealth Xuse Xas Xa Xfactor Ximpacting Xtelehealth Xuse Xinside Xthe
Xspecialty.
XIn XMicro Xlevel, Xthe Xaccentuation Xon Xthe Xindividual Xin Xthe Xseven Xcore
Xprinciples Xand Xthe XCFIR, Xfocuses Xto Xthe Xsignificance Xof Xconsidering Xindividual
Xsupplier Xlevel Xelements Xand Xpatient-level Xvariables Xaffecting Xtelehealth Xuse.
XA Xhost Xof Xother Xdeterminants Xhas Xbeen Xderived Xfrom Xthe Xliterature Xreview
Xconsidering Xthe Xdeterminants Xspecific Xthemes Xhave Xbeen Xformed Xto Xcreate Xa
Xconceptual Xframework Xto Xstudy Xthe Xadoption Xin Xtelehealth Xenvironment. X

2.3 Review of Research

XPatient Xsatisfaction Xis Xa Xdeveloping Xworry Xin Xall Xparts Xof Xmedical Xservices,
Xand Xas Xthe Xvoice Xof Xthe Xclient, Xit Xis Xa Xproportion Xof Xvalue Xthat Xis
Xdistributed Xin Xany Xcountry Xthrough Xits XHealthcare XEffectiveness XData Xand
XInformation XSet, Xand Xit Xvery Xwell Xmay Xbe Xattached Xto Xrepayments Xfrom Xthe
XCenter Xfor XMedicare Xand XMedicaid Xthrough Xaftereffects Xof XHospital XConsumer
XAssessment Xof XHealthcare XProviders Xand XSystems. XLikewise Xwith Xcustomary
Xmodalities Xof Xmedical Xcare Xconveyance, Xtelehealth Xdepends Xvigorously Xon Xreports
Xof Xpatient Xfulfillment Xin Xlight Xof Xthe Xfact Xthat Xthe Xpatients Xare Xthe Xlone
Xwellspring Xof Xdata Xthat Xcan Xreport Xhow Xthey Xwere Xdealt Xwith Xand Xif Xthe
Xtherapy Xgot Xmet Xthe Xpatients' Xassumptions Xfor Xcare. XIf Xthe Xpatients Xare Xnot
Xcontent Xwith Xtheir Xmedical Xcare Xadministrations Xbeing Xgiven Xdistantly, Xthe Xhelp
Xbecomes Xexcess Xand Xcostly. XWith Xthe Xexpansion Xin Xpredominance Xof Xtelehealth,
Xkeep Xup Xwith Xthe Xvital Xquality Xpointer Xof Xpatient Xfulfillment Xpaying Xlittle
Xmind Xto Xmethodology Xof Xconveyance. XThe Xvoice Xof Xthe Xclient Xshould Xbe
Xceaselessly Xheard Xso Xthat Xtelehealth Xdesigners Xcan Xpractice Xnimbleness Xin Xthe
Ximprovement Xinteraction Xwhile Xthe Xmedical Xservices Xassociation Xkeeps Xon
Xgrowing Xmore Xinnovation Xbased Xconsideration Xthat Xaddresses Xthe Xissues Xof
Xpatients Xand Xsuppliers. XThe Xinnovation Xbase Xintrinsic Xto Xtelehealth Xsignificantly
Xchanges Xthe Xmethod Xof Xconveyance; Xhowever Xa Xsolid Xpatient-to-supplier
Xrelationship Xshould Xbe Xkept Xup Xwith Xfree Xof Xthe Xmethodology. XA Xmeaning Xof
Xpatient Xfulfillment, Xviability Xand Xproficiency Xis Xgiven Xtoward Xthe Xfinish Xof Xthe
Xarticle. XWith Xthe Xexpanded Xutilization Xof Xtechnologies Xin Xmedical Xcare, Xthere
Xhas Xbeen Xan Xextraordinary Xaccentuation Xon Xtelehealth Xin Xlight Xof Xthe Xfact Xthat
Xit Xcan Xstretch Xout Xthe Xadministrations Xof Xsuppliers Xto Xdistant Xareas Xand Xprofit
Xby Xthe Xaccessibility Xof Xinformed Xauthorities Xand Xconquer Xthe Xobstruction Xof
Xcloseness. XTelehealth Xbroadens Xaccess, Xand Xit Xhas Xthe Xcapability Xof Xmaking
Xmedical Xcare Xbenefits Xmore Xhelpful Xfor Xpatients, Xparticularly Xthose Xin Xprovincial
Xregions, Xthose Xwith Xlittle Xyoungsters, Xchildren’s Xand Xthose Xwith Xportability
Xlimitations. X XTelehealth Xhas Xbeen Xutilized Xas Xan Xelective Xway Xto Xdeal Xwith
Xordinary Xconsideration Xin Xa Xscope Xof Xmedical Xcare Xdisciplines Xas Xmethod Xfor
Xarriving Xat Xpopulaces Xwith Xhelpless Xadmittance Xto Xmedical Xservices
Xadministrations, Xfor Xexample, Xrustic Xand Xdistant Xnetworks. XThe Xterm Xtelehealth
Xis Xcharacterized Xas Xthe Xconveyance Xof Xwellbeing Xadministrations Xa Xgood Xways
Xoff Xwith Xthe Xutilization Xof Xdata Xand Xcorrespondence Xadvances. XIt Xis Xa Xmore
Xextensive Xterm Xwhich Xincludes Xpatient/proficient Xtraining Xand Xorganization,
Xnotwithstanding Xtelemedicine, Xwhich Xis Xmore Xexplicit Xto Xarrangement Xof Xclinical
Xadministrations, Xin Xspite Xof Xthe Xfact Xthat Xit Xis Xnormal Xutilized Xreciprocally
Xwith Xthe Xterm Xtelemedicine Xin Xthe Xwriting. XSuch Xmethodology Xmight Xutilize
Xvideoconferencing Xfor Xconstant Xcounsel’s Xsimultaneous Xmethodology Xor X'store-and-
forward' Xinnovations Xfor Xtransaction Xof Xclinical Xinformation Xlike Xpictures, Xnotes
Xand Xindicative Xtest Xoutcomes, Xwhich Xare Xsubsequently Xaudited Xby Xwellbeing
Xsuppliers Xfor Xdetermination Xand Xthe Xboard Xnon-concurrent Xmethodology. XThe
Xverifiable Xusage Xof Xtelehealth Xinside Xremedial Xorganizations Xis Xall Xaround
Xreported, Xespecially Xin Xthe XLibya. XNonetheless, Xthe Xexecution Xof Xtelehealth
Xacross Xthe Xcountry Xhas Xbeen Xless Xbroad Xsomewhere Xelse. XWhile Xthere Xis
Xdeveloping Xproof Xto Xhelp Xtelehealth Xas Xa Xmodel Xof Xcare Xfor Xthe Xindividuals
Xwho Xare Ximpeded Xby Xarea Xor Xconditions Xfrom Xgetting Xmedical Xcare Xbenefits,
Xthe Xwriting Xhas Xgenerally Xfocused Xon Xrustic Xand Xfar Xoff Xnetworks. XAlong
Xthese Xlines, Xthe Xpoint Xof Xthis Xefficient Xaudit Xwas Xto Xincorporate Xthe Xproof
Xbase Xto Xdate Xfor Xthe Xeffects Xof, Xand Xresults Xfrom, Xtelehealth Xconveyed Xin
Xpenitentiaries. XEssential Xquantitative Xexamination Xconsiders Xlike Xcounting Xboth Xtest
Xand Xobservational Xinvestigations Xwere Xincorporated Xon Xthe Xoff Xchance Xthat Xthey
Xhad Xtelehealth Xmediation Xconveyed Xby Xany Xwellbeing Xproficient Xand Xincluded Xa
Xconference Xthat Xplanned Xto Xgive Xmedical Xcare Xevaluation Xand Xthe Xexecutives
Xto Xindividuals, Xeverything Xbeing Xequal, Xand Xsexual Xorientations Xin Xjail/restorative
Xadministrations, Xand Xstudies Xtalked Xabout Xtolerant Xand Xclinical Xresults Xsuch Xas
Xcounting Xhowever Xnot Xrestricted Xto Xpatient Xfulfillment, Xwork, Xpersonal
Xsatisfaction, Xmovement Xand Xinterest Xlevels, Xenthusiastic Xprosperity Xor Xwellbeing
Xadministration Xresults Xas Xcounting Xyet Xnot Xrestricted Xto Xcost Xreserve Xfunds,
Xadmittance Xto Xmind, Xsimplicity Xof Xconveyance, Xprogression Xof Xcare Xand
Xefficient. XProhibition Xmeasures Xwere Xconsiders Xwhich X Xincluded Xtelehealth
Xintercessions Xthat Xutilized X'store-and-forward' Xinnovation Xfor Xdata Xas Xthe Xoffbeat
Xmethodology Xmay Xnot Xinclude Xmeetings Xbetween Xa Xwellbeing Xproficient Xand Xa
Xpatient Xor Xfar Xoff Xin-home Xchecking Xalone Xwith Xno Xdiscussion Xor
Xadministration Xarrangement, Xutilized Xconstant Xtele-consultation Xas Xa Xcomponent Xof
Xa Xmediation Xhowever Xdidn't Xassess Xits Xviability Xindependently, Xincluded Xmembers
Xwho Xwere Xoutcasts, Xon Xparole Xor Xpost-discharge Xfrom Xa Xremedial Xoffice Xor
Xindividuals Xgoing Xthrough Xhome Xconfinement, Xor Xnon-English Xlanguage Xwriting,
Xauxiliary Xexploration Xlike Xorganized Xwriting Xor Xorderly Xsurveys, Xsubjective
Xexamination Xcontemplates, Xunmistakable Xcross-sectional Xinvestigations, Xfor Xexample,
Xresult Xestimates Xexclusively Xfocused Xon Xthe Xquantity Xof Xinterviews Xor Xpatients,
Xconventions, Xpublications, Xmeeting Xprocedures, Xassessment Xpieces Xor Xdiscourses. X

XThe Xtitles Xcreated Xby Xthe Xelectronic Xdata Xsets Xwere Xfiltered Xto Xdistinguish
Xpossibly Xapplicable Xpapers Xand Xwhere Xthe Xtitles Xwould Xnot Xtake Xinto
Xconsideration Xassurance Xof Ximportance Xto Xthe Xtheme, Xabstracts Xwere Xchecked
Xon. XIn Xthe Xevent Xthat Xthe Xtitles Xand Xedited Xcompositions Xmet Xthe
Xconsideration Xmodels Xfor Xthis Xsurvey, Xthey Xwere Xat Xfirst Xchosen Xto Xbe
Xessential Xfor Xthe Xaudit. XFull-text Xduplicates Xof Xqualified Xarticles Xwere
Xsubsequently Xrecovered Xfor Xfull Xassessment. XDuring Xthis Xinteraction, Xthe Xtotal
Xpapers Xwere Xinspected Xto Xrecognize Xin Xthe Xevent Xthat Xthey Xmet Xthe
Xincorporation Xrules Xfor Xthis Xreview. XDistributions, Xwhich Xmet Xall Xthe
Xincorporation Xboundaries, Xwere Xremembered Xfor Xthis. XThe Xlast Xrestriction Xthat
Xwe Xdistinguished Xwas Xthe Xyouthful Xage Xof Xthe Xtelehealth Xmethodology Xof Xcare.
XIt Xhas Xexisted Xsince Xthe Xmid X1990s, Xhowever Xcontrasted Xand Xcustomary
Xmedication, Xit Xis Xvery Xyouthful. XSince Xit Xis Xinnovatively Xbased, Xwe Xdecided
Xto Xjust Xglance Xat Xthe Xlast Xfive years, Xwhich Xcould Xlikewise Xrestrict Xour
Xdiscoveries, Xhowever Xthe Xfast Xheadway Xof Xa Xmechanically Xbased Xmethodology
Xdrives Xa Xlater Xexample Xto Xmention Xcurrent Xobjective Xfacts Xand Xends.

2.4 Telehealth reforms in Libya

XSpeetar Xwas Xestablished Xin X2017 Xand Xsteered Xin XLibya Xwith Xthe Xexpectation
Xof Xexpanding Xthe Xavailability Xof Xvalue Xmedical Xcare Xin Xnations Xexperiencing
Xstruggle. XThis Xtelehealth Xframework Xempowered XLibyans Xto Xassociate Xwith
Xspecialists Xfrom XDiaspora Xnetworks Xwho Xcommunicated Xin Xtheir Xlanguage Xand
Xcomprehended Xtheir Xcircumstance. XMoreover, Xit Xfurther Xdeveloped Xmedical Xcare
Xavailability Xfor Xindividuals Xliving Xin Xcountry XLibya. XIt Xfurnished Xall XLibyans
Xwith Xclinical Xdiscussions Xas Xwell Xas Xe-solutions Xand Xbooking Xadministrations Xfor
Xpatients Xneeding Xface Xto Xface Xcare. XIt Xis Xa Xtelehealth Xstage Xthat Xholds
Xguarantee Xfor Xthe Xsafety Xand Xsecurity Xof XLibyans Xin Xthe Xmidst Xof Xthe
Xcommon Xconflict Xand Xworldwide Xpandemic. XSpeetar Xis Xupgrading Xmedical Xcare
Xconveyance Xthrough Xits Xapplication Xthat Xassociates Xspecialists Xfrom XDiaspora
Xnetworks Xwith Xindividuals Xin Xtheir Xnations Xof Xorigin Xthat Xneed Xbrief Xclinical
Xconsideration. X
XMohamed XAburawi, Xthe Xprime Xsupporter Xof XSpeetar, Xfinished Xclinical Xschool Xin
XLibya Xprior Xto Xmoving Xto Xthe XU.S. Xfor Xhis XHarvard Xassociation. XLibya's Xlack
Xof Xspecialists Xis Xbasically Xbecause Xof Xdoctors Xescaping Xthe Xcountry Xfor Xsecurity
Xconcerns Xor Xseeking Xafter Xadditional Xclinical Xpreparing Xabroad. XPerceiving Xthat
Xhe Xwas Xadding Xto Xthis Xissue, XAburawi Xlooked Xto Xmake Xa Xtelehealth Xstage
Xthat Xpermitted Xhim Xand Xother XLibyan Xspecialists Xwho Xhad Xpassed Xon Xthe
Xcountry Xfor Xcomparative Xmotivations Xto Xserve Xpatients Xin XLibya. X
XThe XLibyan XNational XCenter Xfor XDisease XControl Xcollaborated Xwith XSpeetar Xto
Xgive Xdata Xand Xmeeting Xon Xthe XCOVID-19 Xworldwide Xpandemic. XSpeetar Xhas
Xbeen Xinstrumental Xin Xdeciding Xthe Xseriousness Xof XCOVID-19 Xmanifestations Xwith
Xthe Xgoal Xthat Xpatients Xdon't Xneed Xto Xchance Xpresenting Xthem Xto Xthe Xconflict
Xrelated Xor XCOVID-19-related Xrisks Xof Xvisiting Xmedical Xservices Xoffices. XOne
Xmore Xessential Xcapacity Xof XSpeetar Xin XLibya Xin Xthe Xmidst Xof Xthe Xpandemic
Xis XCOVID-19 Xfollowing. XAt Xthe Xpoint Xwhen Xpatients Xtest Xpositive Xfor XCOVID-
19, Xthe Xapplication Xprompts Xthem Xto Xspeak Xwith Xindividuals Xthat Xthey Xwere Xin
Xtouch Xwith Xthroughout Xthe Xmost Xrecent Xfourteen Xdays Xso Xthey Xcan Xget Xtried
Xalso Xand Xisolate Xif Xessential. XBy Xworking Xwith Xmedical Xcare Xexperts Xon Xthe
Xground Xin XLibya, XSpeetar Xmakes XCOVID-19 Xtesting Xand Xdata Xmore Xavailable
Xand Xguarantees Xthat Xpatients Xare Xsufficiently Xtreated. XBesides, XSpeetar Xgives Xthe
XLibyan Xgovernment Xand Xthe XMinistry Xof XHealth Xwith Xdependable, Xcoordinated
Xinformation Xabout Xthe Xcondition Xof Xthe Xinfection Xso Xthat Xeducated Xchoices
Xabout XCOVID-19 Xadministration Xin XLibya Xcan Xbe Xmade.

2.5 Chapter Summary

XBy Xand Xlarge, Xit Xwas Xtracked Xdown Xthat Xpatient Xfulfillment Xcan Xbe Xrelated
Xwith Xthe Xmethodology Xof Xtelehealth; Xhowever Xfactors Xof Xadequacy Xand
Xproficiency Xare Xblended. XWe Xfound Xthat Xpatients' Xassumptions Xwere Xmet Xwhen
Xsuppliers Xconveyed Xmedical Xcare Xthrough Xvideoconference Xor Xsome Xother
Xtelehealth Xtechnique. XTelehealth Xis Xa Xpossible Xalternative Xfor Xsuppliers Xwho
Xneed Xto Xextend Xtheir Xpractices Xto Xdistant Xregions Xwithout Xmigrating Xor Xgrow
Xtheir Ximpression Xof Xtheir Xtraining. XAs Xtelehealth Xkeeps Xon Xbeing Xcreated,
Xunique Xconsideration Xought Xto Xbe Xgiven Xto Xjoin Xincludes Xthat Xempower
Xacknowledgment Xand Xrepayment Xof Xthis Xmethodology.

XSince X2011, Xthe Xnation Xhas Xhad Xtwo Xcommon Xconflicts, Xincluding Xthe Xcurrent
Xclash Xwhat Xbegan Xin X2014. XIt Xlikewise Xhas Xa Xland Xline Xwith XEgypt, Xat
Xpresent Xone Xof Xthe Xgreatest XCOVID-19 Xcenters Xin XAfrica Xand Xis Xjust Xaround
X300 Xmiles Xfrom XItaly Xacross Xthe XMediterranean XSea. XThe Xepisode Xof XCOVID-
19 Xin XLibya Xin Xthe Xmidst Xof Xthe Xcontinuous Xcommon Xconflict Xhas Xfeatured
Xthe Xsignificance Xof Ximaginative Xwellbeing Xarrangements, Xfor Xexample, Xtelehealth.
XSpeetar Xhas Xbeen Xthe Xessential Ximpact Xin XLibya's Xreaction Xto XCOVID-19 Xand
Xhas Xshown Xto Xbe Xa Xpowerful Xstrategy Xfor Xtending Xto Xwellbeing Xworries Xin
Xdubious Xconditions. XSpeetar Xis Xat Xpresent Xhoping Xto Xgrow Xits Xadministrations
Xto XPakistan Xand XEgypt Xto Xadditional Xits Xobjective Xof Xexpanding Xadmittance Xto
Xquality Xmedical Xcare.

CHAPTER – THREE: Methodology

3. Introduction

XThe Xpoint Xof Xthis Xexploration Xwork Xis Xto Xcomprehend Xthe Xavailability Xof Xthe
XLibyan Xwellbeing Xarea Xto Xembrace Xtelehealth Xutilizing Xtechnologies Xmodels. XTo
Xaccomplish Xthis, Xspecialist Xorganizations, Xincluding Xpatients Xand Xmedical Xstaff
Xand Xsuppliers Xwere Xdiscussed. X

XPositivism Xidentifies Xwith Xdeductive Xhypothesis Xby Xtesting Xcertain Xspeculations Xto
Xguarantee Xconnections Xas Xtalked Xabout Xin Xinvestigations. XDespite Xwhat Xmight Xbe
Xexpected, Xtranslation Xidentifies Xwith Xthe Xperception Xof Xsocial Xwonders Xthrough
Xindividual Xclarifications Xand Xquantitative Xopinions XWHO X2016; XExpert XPanel Xon
Xsuccessful Xmethods Xof Xputting Xresources Xinto XHealth XStudies Xand Xwriting
Xsurveys Xof Xtechnologies Xreception Xdemonstrate Xthat Xpositivism Xis Xa Xset Xup
Xstrategy Xfor Xrequest Xthat Xanalysts Xhave Xregularly Xutilized Xwhen Xexploring
Xacknowledgment Xissues Xby Xprofessionals Xof Xtechnology. XThen Xagain, Xanalysts'
Xtechnique Xfor Xtranslation Xand Xmeeting Xis Xwhile Xaffirming Xthe Xacknowledgment
Xof Xinnovation Xat Xthe Xauthoritative Xlevel. XAdditionally, Xresearch Xphilosophies Xfor
Xmedical Xcare Xaccess Xrange Xfrom Xdeciphering Xand Xdepicting Xpatient Xand
Xprofessional Xencounters Xand Xassessing Xadministration Xwith Xwelfare Xrequirements Xin
Xregards Xto Xcost Xand Xadequacy. XIt Xis Xlikewise Xcrucial Xfor Xtake Xclients'
Xviewpoints Xabout Xmedical Xcare Xadministration Xconveyance Xwhile Xexploring, Xwhich
Xthis Xinvestigation Xperceived. XIn Xthis Xexploration Xwork, Xa Xstatus Xmodel Xwill Xbe
Xapplied Xwhere Xmedical Xcare Xavailability Xwill Xbe Xestimated Xdistantly Xand
Xsupported Xin Xthe XLibyan Xwellbeing Xarea Xat Xthe Xauthoritative Xand Xhierarchical
Xlevel. XIn Xthis Xmanner, Xan Xapplied Xsystem Xand Xa Xpoll Xwill Xbe Xmade Xto
Xgather Xdata Xby Xa Xgathering Xof Xtrained Xprofessionals Xand Xclinicians, Xincluding
Xindividuals' Xperspectives, Xas Xinventive Xmethods Xand Xinnovation Xreception Xare
Xcoordinated Xwith Xmedical Xcare Xadministration Xconveyance Xstrategies XWHO. XWith
Xrespect Xto Xthe Xsubjective Xand Xquantitative, Xif Xthe Xtwo Xmethodologies Xare
Xblended, Xthe Xinvestigation Xresults Xwill Xbe Xgenerally Xprecise, Xand Xthought Xshould
Xbe Xgiven Xto Xarranging Xthe Xstrategies Xto Xbe Xincorporated, Xas Xevery Xtechnique
Xhas Xattributes Xand Xapparatuses Xpertinent Xto Xexplicit Xcircumstances. XThe Xblend Xof
Xthe Xtwo Xmethodologies Xproduces Xtwo Xbasic Xadvantages: Xthe Xfirst Xis Xto Xhelp
Xthe Xexamination's Xlegitimacy Xand Xthe Xoutcomes Xby Xturning Xout Xto Xbe
Xmoderately Xsolid, Xand Xthe Xsecond Xis Xto Xmake Xthe Xsearch Xrestricted

3.1 Technique Used to Define Diagnosis Categories

XThe Xvital Xdetermination Xfor Xeach Xtelehealth Xadministration Xwas Xcharacterized Xinto
Xoutline Xand Xitemized Xclasses Xutilizing XAHRQ XClinical XClassification XSoftware.
XSynopsis Xlevel Xdata Xdepends Xon Xthe Xcharacterization Xof Xanalyses Xto Xthe Xbody
Xframework Xincluded Xe.g., Xrespiratory Xconditions, Xmusculoskeletal Xconditions,
Xstomach Xrelated Xconditions, Xand Xso Xon. XAs Xindicated Xby Xthe Xinnovation
Xacknowledgment Xmodel X(TAM), Xthe Xmost Ximportant Xfactors Xinvolved Xin Xadoption
Xof Xtechnology Xare Xeffectiveness Xand Xeasiness Xare Xthe Xtwo Xcentral Xpoint
Xengaged Xwith Xclient Xresponse Xof Xan Xinnovation. XTAM Xwas Xgenerally Xused Xto
Xassess Xclient Xacknowledgment Xof Xgeneral Xadvancements Xhowever Xis Xrestricted Xby
Xminimal Xillustrative Xforce Xfor Xexplicit Xframework Xpurposes. XIn Xthis Xmanner, Xto
Xassess Xthe Xacknowledgment Xof Xtelehealth, Xwe Xbroadened Xwith Xanticipated
Xadvantages Xand Xworries Xfor Xtelehealth. XFurther, Xwe Xunderstand Xthat Xconcentrated
Xon Xclient Xconvictions Xon Xtelehealth Xacknowledgment Xwhat's Xmore, Xintroduced Xthe
Xaccompanying Xdevelops Xwith Xrespect Xto Xits Xpoints Xof Xreference Xwhat's Xmore,
Xoutcomes Xlike Ximproved Xconsideration, Xexpanded Xavailability, Xsecurity Xand
Xuneasiness, Xcare Xwork Xforce Xconcerns, X Xpack Xas Xreplacement, Xand Xfulfillment.
XImprove Xcare Xand Xexpanded Xavailability Xare Xbenefits Xthat Xtelehealth Xmay Xgive
Xto Xpatients, Xwhile Xsecurity Xand Xuneasiness, Xjust Xas Xcare Xfaculty Xconcerns, Xare
Xdeterrents Xthat Xmight Xfrustrate Xtelehealth Xacknowledgment. XUnit Xas Xreplacement
Xalludes Xto Xone's Xconvictions Xconcerning Xhow Xtelehealth Xmight Xbe Xan Xoption Xin
Xcontrast Xto Xordinary Xconsideration, Xand Xfulfillment Xis Xthe Xsatisfaction Xexperienced
Xbecause Xof Xthe Xtelehealth Xframework Xand Xmanagement. XAmong Xthem, Xwe Xchose
Xthree Xpoints Xof Xreference Xfactors, Xspecifically Xexpanded Xavailability, Xupgraded
Xcare, Xand Xprotection Xand Xdistress, Xsince Xthis Xreview Xmeant Xto Xinvestigate Xthe
Xelements Ximpacting Xthe Xacknowledgment Xof Xthe Xtelehealth Xframework Xitself. XThe
Xcare Xstaff Xconcerns Xbuild Xwas Xbarred Xas Xa Xvariable Xsince Xit Xdemonstrates
Xworries Xabout Xthe Xabilities Xof Xthe Xwelfare Xof Xsupplier Xand Xdoes Xnot Xrelate
Xto Xthe Xtelehealth Xframework Xand Xalso Xto Xconcentrate Xon Xthe Xeffect.
3.2 Strategy Used to Define Provider Type

XSpecialist Xorganizations Xare Xgrouped Xto Xtheir XNational XPlan Xand XProvider
XEnumeration XSystem X
Xscientific Xcategorization. XA Xconglomeration Xof XNPPES Xclassifications Xwas
Xadditionally Xmade Xto Xrecognize Xand Xgive Xa Xrundown Xof Xkey Xsorts Xof Xsupplier
Xessential Xconsideration, Xconduct Xwellbeing, Xinner Xmedication Xsubspecialties, Xmedical
Xprocedure. XGovernmentally XQualified XHealth XCenters Xand XRural XHealth XCenters
Xare Xshown Xas Xa Xseparate XProvider XType, Xin Xany Xevent, Xwhen Xthey Xare
XPrimary XCare Xsuppliers.

3.3 Data Collection Process

XA Xstream Xgraph Xof Xour Xinformation Xassortment Xmeasure Xis Xsituated Xas Xonline
Xsupplementary Xmaterial. XPrior Xto Xevaluating Xabstracts Xfor Xappropriateness Xto Xour
Xlevel Xheaded, Xwe Xconsented Xto Xsearch Xfor Xarticles Xthat Xincluded Xtelehealth Xand
Xsome Xproportion Xof Xpatient Xfulfillment. XArticles Xwere Xevaluated Xby Xthe
Xincorporation Xand Xrejection Xstandards Xportrayed Xpreviously. XConversation Xmeetings
Xand Xagreement Xgatherings Xwere Xheld Xto Xbuild Xthe Xbetween Xrater Xunwavering
Xquality Xof Xthe Xgathering Xas Xthey Xdirected Xthe Xscreening Xand Xexamination.
XDuring Xthe Xagreement Xgatherings, Xfactors Xand Xtopics Xwere Xdistinguished Xthrough
Xperception Xand Xconversation; Xfor Xinstance, Xas Xwe Xexamined Xthe Xarticles, Xit
Xbecame Xobvious Xthat Xpatient Xfulfillment Xwas Xfrequently Xexpressed Xas Xfar Xas
Xadequacy Xand Xeffectiveness, Xso Xthese Xturned Xinto Xthe Xsubjects.

3.4 Standard efficient Review techniques

XThese Xwere Xfollowed Xto Xcontrol Xfor Xchoice Xinclination Xand Xguarantee Xour Xhunt
Xwas Xcomprehensive. XAnalysts Xordered Xtheir Xnotes Xon Xquiet Xfulfillment, Xadequacy
Xand Xproductivity Xin Xa Xwriting Xframework. XOne Xmore Xagreement Xmeeting Xwas
Xled Xto Xexamine Xdiscoveries Xand Xmake Xdeductions. XDuring Xthe Xagreement
Xmeeting, Xindividual Xperceptions Xwere Xtalked Xabout Xand Xconsolidated Xinto
Xcomparable Xgroupings Xall Xthrough Xthe Xexample Xto Ximprove Xon Xour Xappraisal
Xof Xaffiliations. XThis Xis Xa Xtype Xof Xstory Xinvestigation Xand Xsense Xmaking.
XObservations Xof Xviability Xand Xproficiency Xwere Xconsolidated Xand Xarranged Xinto
Xa Xpartiality Xlattice Xfor Xdefinite Xexamination.

3.5 Research Design

XResearch Xdesign Xis Xan Xarrangement Xto Xrespond Xto Xyour Xresearch Xquestion. XA
Xresearch Xtechnique Xis Xa Xsystem Xused Xto Xexecute Xthat Xarrangement. XResearch
Xplan Xand Xstrategies Xare Xunique Xhowever Xfirmly Xrelated, Xin Xlight Xof Xthe Xfact
Xthat Xgreat Xexploration Xconfiguration Xguarantees Xthat Xthe Xinformation Xyou Xget
Xwill Xassist Xyou Xwith Xresponding Xto Xyour Xexploration Xquestion Xall Xthe Xmore
Xviably. XTime Xfor Xinformation Xassortment Xand Xinvestigation Xis Xsomething Xyou
Xneed Xto Xconsider. XA Xperception Xor Xmeeting Xtechnique, Xpurported Xsubjective
Xmethodology, Xassists Xyou Xwith Xgathering Xmore Xextravagant Xdata, Xyet Xit Xsets
Xaside Xtime. XUtilizing Xa Xstudy Xassists Xyou Xwith Xgathering Xmore Xinformation
Xrapidly, Xyet Xit Xmight Xneed Xsubtleties. XIn Xthis Xway, Xyou Xshould Xconsider Xthe
Xtime Xyou Xhave Xfor Xresearch Xand Xthe Xharmony Xamong Xqualities Xand
Xshortcomings Xrelated Xwith Xevery Xstrategy.
XWhen Xplanning Xquantitative Xpreliminaries Xand Xassessment Xof Xtelehealth
Xintercessions, XResearchers Xshould Xthink Xahead Xto Xthe Xexpected Xway Xthat Xthe
Xmediation Xcould Xbe Xexecuted Xin Xroutine Xmind Xand Xconsider Xhow Xpreliminary
Xmembers Xwith Xcomparable Xqualities Xto Xthe Xobjective Xpopulace Xcan Xbe
Xincorporated. XThe Xtelehealth Xintercession Xand Xthe Xsetting Xin Xwhich Xit Xis Xput
Xought Xto Xbe Xunmistakably Xportrayed, Xand Xthought Xgiven Xto Xleading Xlogical
Xpreliminaries Xto Xshow Xthe Ximpact Xof Xtelehealth Xin Xcomplex Xconditions Xwith
Xquickly Xevolving Xinnovation. XSorts Xof Xexploration Xplans, Xcomparators Xand Xresult
Xmeasures Xare Xexamined Xand Xnormal Xfactual Xissues Xare Xpresented.
3.6 Research Questions & Hypothesis

XThe Xpoll Xwill Xbe Xplanned Xdependent Xon Xthe Xcalculated Xexploration Xstructure Xto
Xgather Xdata Xabout Xthe Xventure. XIt Xwill Xbe Xpartitioned Xinto Xthree Xsections: XThe
Xprimary Xwill Xcontain Xindividual Xdata Xabout Xthe Xobjective, Xincluding Xsex, Xage,
Xinstructive Xlevel Xand Xoccupation Xtitle Xassuming Xany. XThe Xsubsequent Xpart Xwill
Xbe Xabout Xthe Xproposed Xmodel Xand Xhierarchical Xabilities Xfor Xtolerating
Xspecialists, Xand Xthe Xchance Xof Xlearning, Xthe Xlimit Xof Xthe Xdata Xinnovation
Xframework, Xclient Xacknowledgment, Xand Xadmittance Xto Xmedical Xcare
Xadministration Xdistantly. XThe Xlast Xpart Xwill Xbe Xon Xassumptions Xor Xhypothesis
Xfor Xresults Xand Xyields Xfor Xtelehealth Xjust Xas Xadministration Xaccreditation. XIn
Xthis Xscenario Xwe Xadded Xhypothesis Xthat Xthe Xdata Xcollected Xwere Xbased Xon
Xadvanced Xconsideration Xarrangements Xduring XCOVID-19 Xpandemic.
XLikewise, Xthis Xexamination Xintends Xto Xaddress Xthe Xaccompanying Xresearch
Xquestions: X
RQ1: XAmidst Xthe XCOVID-19 Xpandemic Xwhat Xsorts Xof Xtelehealth Xand
Xcomputerized Xcare Xare Xbeing Xutilized? X
RQ2: XDuring XCOVID-19 Xpandemic Xhow Xcould Xpatients Xtreat Xutilizing Xtelehealth
Xand Xcomputerized Xcare? X
RQ3: XAmidst Xthe XCOVID-19 Xpandemic Xwhat Xarrangements Xhave Xbeen Xstarted
Xacross Xthe Xworld Xto Xcultivate Xtelehealth Xand Xadvanced Xconsideration? X
RQ4: XDuring XCOVID-19 Xpandemic Xwhat Xdeterminants Ximpact Xreception Xof
Xtelehealth Xand Xadvanced Xconsideration Xarrangements? X

Given Xthe Xuse Xof Xtelehealth Xin Xmedical Xtourism, Xpatients Xmay Xrespond
Xfavourably Xto Xthe Xprocess Xif Xthe Xcommunication Xis Xtimely, Xaccurate Xand
Xcredible. XBy Xcontrast, Xwhen Xpeople Xperceive Xthat Xcommunication Xis Xof Xlow
Xquality, Xthey Xtend Xto Xbe Xdissatisfied Xwith Xthe Xcommunication. XWe Xpropose Xthe
Xfollowing Xhypotheses Xto Xbe Xkept Xin Xmind Xbefore Xapplying Xtelehealth Xservices:
 - Hypothesis X1(H1) XHigh Xcommunication Xquality Xof Xtelehealth Xhas Xa
Xsignificantly Xpositive Xinfluence Xon Xsatisfaction.
- Hypothesis X2 X(H2). XHigh Xinformation Xquality Xof Xtelehealth Xhas Xa
Xsignificantly Xpositive Xinfluence Xon Xsatisfaction.
- Hypothesis X3 X(H3). XUser Xsatisfaction Xhas Xa Xsignificantly Xpositive Xinfluence
Xon Xwillingness Xto Xundertake Xmedical Xtravel.
- Hypothesis X4 X(H4). XInternational Xmedical Xtourists’ Xrepeat Xvisits Xpositively
Xinfluence Xtheir Xwillingness Xto Xpay Xmore.

XSearch Xmethodology Xto Xwidely Xlook Xfor Xstudies Xidentified Xwith Xtelehealth Xand
Xadvanced Xconsideration Xarrangements Xduring XCOVID-19 Xpandemic, Xthe Xinquiry
Xprocedure Xwas Xcompleted Xutilizing Xon Xthe Xweb Xdata Xsets/libraries. XThe Xpursuit
Xwas Xcompleted Xfrom Xsecond XMay X2020 Xto X30th XMay X2020 Xin XGoogle
XScholar, XPub-Med, XMedline, XScience XDirect, XPro-Quest, XSpringer, XWeb Xof
XScience, XSage Xand XScopus. XThese Xonline Xlibraries Xwere Xchosen Xas Xthey Xare
Xviewed Xas Xsuitable Xweb Xindexes Xfor Xconcentrates Xin Xwellbeing Xscience,
Xsociology, Xand Xdata Xframeworks Xresearch. XAlso, Xthey Xgive Xalternatives Xof Xdoing
Xprogressed Xsearch Xseparating Xby Xwatchwords Xand Xby Xdistribution Xyear, Xtype,
Xand Xexploration Xregion. XUtilizing Xthese Xonline Xinformation Xbases, Xstudies
Xidentified Xwith Xtelehealth Xand Xcomputerized Xcare Xarrangements Xduring XCOVID-19
Xpandemic Xwere Xgathered Xfrom Xonline Xarchive Xreports, Xdiary Xpapers, Xmeeting
Xprocedures, Xand Xbook Xsections.

3.7 Population and Sample

XA benefit of a Xhuge Xexample Xsize Xin Xstrategy Xcorrelation Xstudies Xis Xthat Xthe
Xexample Xwill Xbe Xmore Xagent Xof Xthe Xfundamental Xpopulation. XStrategy
Xcorrelation Xcontemplates Xought Xto Xincorporate Xmembers Xwith Xa Xwide Xscope Xof
Xconceivable Xintroductions Xto Xguarantee Xthat Xthe Xtelehealth Xappraisal Xhas Xoutside
Xlegitimacy. XFor Xinstance, Xthe Xtotal Xnumber Xof Xcollected Xquestionnaires Xwas X500.
XOf Xthese, X29 Xwere Xexcluded Xsince Xthe Xrespondents Xprovided Xthe Xsame Xanswer
Xto Xall Xquestionnaire Xitems. XData Xfrom X471 Xrespondents Xwere Xincluded Xfor
Xanalysis. XIn Xanother Xdata Xa Xtotal Xof X232 Xrespondents Xwere Xmale, Xand
Xrespondents Xwere Xalmost Xequally Xdistributed Xacross Xthe Xage Xgroups. XIf Xthe
Xinvestigation Xwas Xto Xexamine Xthe Xcomparability Xof Xestimating Xjoint Xpoint
Xthrough Xtelehealth, Xthen, Xat Xthat Xpoint Xthe Xfull Xscope Xof Xconceivable Xjoint
Xpoints Xought Xto Xbe Xaddressed Xin Xthe Xexample. XInability Xto Xdo Xas Xsuch Xwill
Xresult Xin Xthe Xtelehealth Xinstrument Xjust Xbeing Xlegitimate Xfor Xthe Xranges
Xresearched. XDefined Xinspecting Xcan Xbe Xa Xhelpful Xprocedure Xto Xguarantee Xthat
Xan Xassorted Xexample Xof Xmembers Xis Xrecruited. XAs Xthe Xquantity Xof XCOVID-19
Xcases Xincreases, Xso Xdoes Xthe Xglobal Xpopulation's Xadvantage Xin Xtelehealth.
XNonetheless, Xthe Xdegree Xof Xpopulation Xinterest Xdid Xnot Xassociate Xwith Xthe
Xextent Xof Xemergency Xclinics Xgiving Xtelehealth Xservices Xin Xthe Xworld,
Xrecommending Xthat Xexpanded Xpopulation Xrequest Xmay Xnot Xbe Xmet Xwith Xthe
Xcurrent Xtelehealth Xlimit. XMedia Xtransmission Xfoundations Xin Xglobal Xclinics Xmight
Xdo Xnot Xhave Xthe Xcapacity Xto Xaddress Xthe Xcontinuous Xmedical Xcare Xneeds Xof
Xpatients Xwith Xother Xailments. XMore Xfunctional Xspeculation Xis Xexpected Xto
Xconvey Xthe Xtelehealth Xframework Xquickly Xagainst Xthe Xlooming Xpatient Xflood.

3.8 Instrumentation

XOnce Xthe Xpatient Xand Xor Xclinician Xlevel Xconstructs Xto Xbe Xmeasured Xhave Xbeen
Xselected, Xthe Xnext Xstep Xis Xto Xselect Xthe Xsurvey Xinstruments Xto Xmeasure Xthese
Xconstructs. XUsing Xexisting Xvalidated Xinstruments Xwhere Xpossible, Xrather Xthan
Xdeveloping Xnew Xmeasures, Xis Xrecommended Xas Xit Xhelps Xestablish Xa Xset Xof
Xcommonly Xaccepted Xand Xwell-validated Xinstruments, Xassists Xthe Xcomparison Xof
Xresults Xacross Xstudies, Xand Xultimately Xfacilitates Xa Xmore Xintegrated Xbody Xof
Xtelehealth Xliterature. XThe Xfollowing Xquestions Xand Xguidelines Xare Xprovided Xto
Xassist Xresearchers Xin Xthe Xchoice Xof Xan Xappropriate Xexisting Xsurvey Xmeasure:
XSolid Xproof Xof Xthe Xeffect Xof Xtelehealth Xanyplace Xon Xthe Xplanet Xis Xlacking.
XThe Xsetting Xin Xthe Xcreating Xscene Xis Xknown Xto Xappear Xas Xsomething Xelse,
Xand Xthose Xdistinctions Xmight Xpermit Xtelehealth Xto Xwork Xbetter Xand Xbe Xmore
Xsatisfactory. XIs Xit Ximportant Xto Xrehash Xall Xthe Xexploration Xfinished Xin Xthe
Xcreated Xworld Xto Xshow Xits Xworth Xin Xa Xcreating Xworld Xsetting? XSome Xhave
Xcontended X"no". XTraditional, Xhuge, Xmultisite Xpreliminaries Xare Xcostly Xand Xcan
Xrequire Xa Xlong Xtime Xto Xdeliver Xdata. XInterest Xin Xsuch Xexaminations Xought Xto
Xbe Xpainstakingly Xweighed Xagainst Xthe Xsubsidizing Xof Xbigger Xquantities Xof Xmore
Xmodest Xand Xcreative X(though Xless Xconclusive) Xinvestigations Xof Xarrangements
Xadjusted Xto Xvarious Xsocieties Xand Xsettings. XRegardless, Xit Xwill Xbe Ximportant Xto
Xperform Xsatisfactory Xexploration Xto Xexhibit Xutility Xand Xmonetary Xreasonability
Xand Xto Xdistribute Xthat Xproof Xin Xopen Xoutlets X(open-access Xdiaries, Xwithout
Xrestrictive Xhandling Xexpenses) Xto Xsupport Xothers. XTo Xguarantee Xthe Xlegitimacy
Xof Xthe Xactions, Xall Xestimation Xthings Xfor Xevery Xfactor Xin Xthe Xmodel Xwere
Xcreated Xdependent Xon Xpast Xexaminations. XWe Xadjusted Xthem Xto Xquantify Xthe
Xinsights Xand Xmentalities Xtoward Xtelehealth. XA Xpoll Xinitially Xcreated Xin XEnglish
Xwas Xconverted Xinto XKorean Xand Xwas Xover Xand Xagain Xanalyzed Xto Xguarantee
Xthat Xthe Xthings Xand Xarticulations Xin Xthe Xtwo Xadaptations Xwere Xpredictable. XThe
Xpoll Xcomprised Xof Xthree Xsections. XThe Xinitial Xsegment Xrelated Xto Xinsights Xand
Xconvictions Xin Xregards Xto Xtelehealth, Xincluding Xthe XTAM Xfactors. XThe
Xsubsequent Xpart Xremembered Xinquiries Xfor Xnervousness Xlevel Xcorresponding Xto
XCOVID-19, Xand Xthe Xkeep Xgoing Xpart Xremembered Xinquiries Xfor Xrespondents'
Xsocio Xdemographic Xdata Xlike Xsex, Xage Xbunch, Xinstruction Xlevel, Xmonth Xto
Xmonth Xpay, Xemergency Xclinic Xutilization Xdesigns Xrecurrence Xof Xemergency Xclinic
Xvisits, Xand Xtheir Xwellbeing Xstatus. XFactors Xidentified Xwith Xconvictions Xabout
Xtelehealth, Xexpanded Xavailability, Xupgraded Xcare, Xand Xsecurity Xand Xdistress Xwere
Xestimated Xutilizing Xthe XService XUser XTechnology XAcceptability XQuestionnaire. XThe
XTAM Xfactors Xof Xapparent Xvalue Xof, Xsaw Xconvenience Xof, Xand Xexpectation Xto
Xutilize Xtelehealth Xwere Xcreated Xfrom Xestimation Xthings.

3.8.1 Does the instrument match the chosen definition of the construct? X

XValidity Xis Xthe Xextent Xto Xwhich Xa Xdata Xcollection Xinstrument Xmeasures Xwhat
Xit Xis Xintended Xto Xmeasure. XHence, Xthe Xfirst Xstep Xis Xto Xensure Xthat Xthe
Xchosen Xsurvey Xoperationalize Xthe Xconcept Xin Xa Xway Xthat Xfits Xwith Xthe
Xcommonly Xaccepted Xdefinition Xand Xconceptualization Xof Xthe Xconcept. XFor
Xexample, Xif Xpatient Xexperience Xis Xthe Xconcept Xof Xinterest, Xhow Xwell Xdoes Xthe
Xsurvey Xmeasure Xaligns Xwith Xand Xcaptures Xthe Xdefinition Xand Xunderlying
Xdimensions Xof X‘patient Xexperience’? XThe Xcontent Xand Xdimensions Xof Xthe
Xconcept Xand Xhence Xits Xvalid Xsurvey Xoperationalization Xmay Xdiffer Xdepending Xon
Xthe Xrole Xof Xthe Xperson Xcompleting Xthe Xsurvey. XHence, Xcaution Xneeds Xto Xbe
Xexercised Xwhen Xadapting Xor Xtranslating Xsurvey Xtools Xdesigned Xand Xvalidated
Xwith Xone Xrater Xto Xanother.

3.8.2 Is the instrument well validated and psychometrically sound? X X

XA Xrigorous Xevaluation Xof Xan Xinstrument’s Xvalidity Xincludes Xassessment Xof

Xconstruct Xvalidity Xincluding Xdivergent Xand Xconvergent Xvalidity, Xcontent Xvalidity
Xand Xcriterion Xvalidity, Xas Xwell Xas Xthe Xinstrument’s Xreliability. X

XFurther, Xwe Xcan Xelaborate Xall Xthese Xvalidities. XThe XConstruct Xvalidity Xas Xit’s
Xabout Xensuring Xthat Xthe Xmethod Xof Xmeasurement Xmatches Xthe Xconstruct Xyou
Xwant Xto Xmeasure Xand Xto Xachieve Xconstruct Xvalidity, Xwe Xneed Xto Xensure Xthat
Xour Xindicators Xand Xmeasurements Xare Xcarefully Xdeveloped Xbased Xon Xrelevant
Xexisting Xknowledge. XIn Xcase Xof XContent Xvalidity Xwe Xcan Xassesses Xwhether Xa
Xtest Xis Xrepresentative Xof Xall Xaspects Xof Xthe Xconstruct. XTo Xproduce Xvalid
Xresults, Xthe Xcontent Xof Xa Xtest, Xsurvey Xor Xmeasurement Xmethod Xmust Xcover Xall
Xrelevant Xparts Xof Xthe Xsubject Xit Xaims Xto Xmeasure.

XThe XCriterion Xvalidity Xcan Xevaluates Xhow Xclosely Xthe Xresults Xof Xour Xtest
Xcorrespond Xto Xthe Xresults Xof Xa Xdifferent Xtest. XTo Xevaluate Xcriterion Xvalidity,
Xwe Xneed Xto Xcalculate Xthe Xcorrelation Xbetween Xthe Xresults Xof Xyour Xmeasurement
Xand Xthe Xresults Xof Xthe Xcriterion Xmeasurement. XThe Xinstrument’s Xreliability Xis
Xthe Xextent Xto Xwhich Xan Xinstrument Xconsistently Xmeasures Xwhat Xit Xis Xsupposed
Xto. XThe XReliability Xcan Xbe Xassessed Xwith Xthe Xtest-retest Xmethod, Xalternative
Xform Xmethod, Xand Xinternal Xconsistency Xmethod Xstable Xfactor Xstructure Xacross
Xstudies, Xand Xresponsiveness Xto Xchanges Xover Xtime Xif Xthe Xinstrument Xwill Xbe
Xused Xlongitudinally. XThe Xmeaning Xof Xthese XOften Xresearchers Xadopt Xsurvey
Xmeasures Xthat Xhave Xbeen Xpublished Xin Xprior Xempirical Xstudies Xwithout
Xexamining Xevidence Xof Xthe Xinstrument’s Xactual Xvalidity. XThe Xuse Xof Xa Xscale
Xin Xa Xpublished Xstudy Xdoes Xnot Xnecessarily Xmean Xthe Xscale Xis Xwell Xvalidated
Xor Xreliable Xwhen Xused Xwith Xthe Xpopulation Xof Xinterest. X

3.8.3 Is the instrument applicable to the chosen telehealth intervention and

context?
XA Xkey Xissue Xhere Xis Xwhether Xsurvey Xitems Xare Xworded Xin Xa Xmanner Xthat Xis
Xapplicable Xto Xthe Xchosen Xresearch Xcontext. XOften Xtelehealth Xsurvey Xmeasures Xare
Xdesigned Xto Xevaluate Xa Xparticular Xclinical Xservice Xe.g. Xdiabetes Xmanagement, Xfor
Xa Xparticular Xpatient Xpopulation Xe.g. Xchildren Xin Xa Xparticular Xlocation Xe.g. Xrural
Xarea. XHence, Xa Xjudgment Xneeds Xto Xbe Xmade Xas Xto Xwhether Xthe Xsurvey
Xinstrument Xis Xvalid Xand Xappropriate Xfor Xuse Xin Xa Xdifferent Xsetting. X X

3.9 Data Collection & Analysis

XReview Xresearch Xand Xsubjective Xmeetings Xrepresent Xthe Xlarger Xpart Xof Xdata
Xcollection Xstrategies Xutilized. XThe Xscope Xof Xdata Xcollection Xmethodologies Xis
Xintroduced Xin Xthe Xonline Xstrengthening Xmaterial. XIt Xis Xsignificant Xthat
Xconventions Xare Xset Xup Xto Xguarantee Xa Xthorough Xway Xto Xdeal Xwith
Xinformation Xassortment, Xwith Xearlier Xchoices Xin Xregards Xto Xinformation Xcleaning
Xwhat's Xmore, Xmanaging Xinformation Xstruggle Xplainly Xdistinguished. XA Xtelehealth
Xresearch Xstudy Xfostering Xa Xsystem Xfor Xin Xhome Xchecking Xto Xassist Xindividuals
Xwith Xvision Xhindrance Xis Xan Xillustration Xof Xthe Xutilization Xof Xvarious Xtypes Xof
Xinformation XIncorporation, Xalluding Xto Xhow Xsubjective Xand Xquantitative Xparts Xare
Xunited, Xis Xboth Xthe Xmost Xsignificant Xand Xthe Xmost Xtroublesome Xpart X Xthe
Xpoint Xis Xto Xboost Xthe Xqualities Xand Xlimit Xthe Xshortcomings Xof Xeach Xsort Xof
Xdata XCoordination Xcan Xhappen Xat Xinformation Xassortment, Xinformation Xexamination
Xor Xthe Xinformation Xunderstanding Xperiod X. XThe XData XCollection Xstage Xmight
Xinclude Xthe Xanalysis Xof Xboth Xopen Xand Xshut Xfinished Xquestions. XThere Xare Xtwo
Xfundamental Xways Xto Xdeal Xwith Xjoining Xin Xinformation Xinvestigation. XThe Xfirst
Xis Xthe Xplace Xwhere Xthe Xquantitative Xand Xsubjective Xdata Xsets Xare Xanalysis
Xindependently Xutilizing Xprocedures Xas Xa Xrule Xrelated Xwith Xeach Xkind Xof
Xinformation Xfor Xmodel, Xquantitative Xinformation Xis Xexamined Xgenuinely Xand
Xsubjective Xinformation Xis Xexamined Xutilizing Xtopical Xinvestigation, Xsaving Xthe
Xuprightness Xof Xevery Xinformation. XThe Xsecond Xand Xless Xnormal Xmethodology
Xincludes Xchanging Xthe Xinformational Xcollections. XSubjective Xinformation Xcan, Xfor
Xinstance, Xbe Xchanged Xover Xto Xquantitative Xinformation Xby Xnumeric Xcoding
Xutilizing Xsummative Xsubstance Xanalysis. XLastly, Xcoordination Xmight Xhappen Xin
Xthe Xunderstanding Xpart Xof Xthe Xinvestigation; Xa Xfamous Xmethod Xto Xstructure Xthis
Xis Xto Xtalk Xabout Xthe Xquantitative Xand Xsubjective Xoutcomes.

XThe Xpartial Xleast Xsquares X(PLS) Xmethod, Xbased Xon Xstructural Xequation Xmodeling,
Xand Xwas Xused Xto Xvalidate Xthe Xresearch Xmodel. XFirst, Xwe Xevaluated Xthe
Xvalidity Xand Xinternal Xconsistency Xof Xresearch Xconstructs Xwith Xmeasurement
Xanalysis. XThe Xtotal Xnumber Xof Xcollected Xquestionnaires Xwas X500. XOf Xthese, X29
Xwere Xexcluded Xsince Xthe Xrespondents Xprovided Xthe Xsame Xanswer Xto Xall
Xquestionnaire Xitems. XData Xfrom X471 Xrespondents Xwere Xincluded Xfor Xanalysis. XIn
Xanother Xdata Xa Xtotal Xof X232 Xrespondents Xwere Xmale, Xand Xrespondents Xwere
Xalmost Xequally Xdistributed Xacross Xthe Xage Xgroups. XMany Xrespondents Xhad
Xreceived Xan Xeducation Xequivalent Xto Xa Xbachelor’s Xdegree. XOnly X16 X(3.40%)
Xparticipants Xhad Xused Xtelehealth Xduring Xthe Xpast Xyear. XSome Xrespondents Xhad
Xmajor Xchronic Xdiseases, Xsuch Xas Xhypertension X(n=70, X14.86%), Xdiabetes X(n=31,
X6.58%), Xand Xheart Xdisease X(n=28, X5.94%), Xand Xothers X193 X(40.98%) Xparticipants
Xreported Xthat Xthey Xhad Xvisited Xthe Xhospital X3-6 Xtimes Xa Xyear.

3.10 Chapter Summary

XAbout XEmbedded XDesign Xas Xall Xresearch Xusing Xboth Xmethodologies Xwhere Xone
Xdata Xset Xprovides Xa Xsecondary Xsupporting Xrole Xin Xa Xstudy Xthat Xrelies Xprimarily
Xon Xthe Xother Xdata Xtype. XThe Xpremises Xof Xthis Xdesign Xare Xthat Xa Xsingle Xdata
Xset Xis Xnot Xsufficient, Xthat Xdifferent Xquestions Xneed Xto Xbe Xanswered, Xand Xthat
Xeach Xtype Xof Xquestion Xrequires Xdifferent Xtypes Xof Xdata. XResearchers Xuse Xthis
Xdesign Xwhen Xthey Xneed Xto Xinclude Xqualitative Xor Xquantitative Xdata Xto Xanswer
Xa Xresearch Xquestion Xwithin Xa Xlargely Xquantitative Xor Xqualitative Xstudy. XIn Xthis
Xmethod, Xresearchers Xshould Xplan Xto Xutilize Xthe Xtechniques Xas Xwell Xas Xcould
Xbe Xexpected. XWe Xhave Xdepicted Xset Xup Xstudy Xplans, Xinformation Xinvestigation
Xstrategies Xand Xdetailing Xstructures Xto Xhelp Xspecialists Xin Xleading Xa Xgreat
Xblended Xstrategies Xstudy. XCombination Xof Xthe Xquantitative Xand Xsubjective Xparts
Xof Xthe Xinvestigation Xis Xconsidered Xthe Xmost X

significant Xand Xmost Xtroublesome Xpart Xof Xmethod Xand Xspecialists Xought Xto
Xguarantee Xthey Xexhibit Xhow Xand Xwhere Xthe Xcombination Xhas Xhappened. XIt Xis
Xsuggested Xthat Xmethod Xbe Xled Xby Xa Xgroup Xof Xscientists, Xwhich Xwill Xhelp Xthe
Xobjectives Xof Xaccomplishing Xcombination Xinside Xthe Xinvestigation, Xand
Xconsequently Xproduce Xa Xmore Xlucid Xand Xsignificant Xexploration Xreport. XThis,
Xthusly, Xwill Xhelp Xthose Xlooking Xfor Xdata Xon Xthe Xutilizations Xand Xexecution Xof
Xtelehealth.

XFinally, Xwe Xcan Xadmit Xthat Xpatient Xsatisfaction Xcan Xbe Xassociated Xwith Xthe
Xmodality Xof Xtelehealth, Xbut Xfactors Xof Xeffectiveness Xand Xefficiency Xare Xmixed.
XWe Xfound Xthat Xpatients’ Xexpectations Xwere Xmet Xwhen Xproviders Xdelivered
Xhealthcare Xvia Xvideoconference Xor Xany Xother Xtelehealth Xmethod. XTelehealth Xis Xa
Xfeasible Xoption Xfor Xproviders Xwho Xwant Xto Xexpand Xtheir Xpractices Xto Xremote
Xareas Xwithout Xhaving Xto Xrelocate Xor Xexpand Xtheir Xfootprint Xof Xtheir Xpractice.
XAs Xtelehealth Xcontinues Xto Xbe Xdeveloped, Xspecial Xcare Xshould Xbe Xgiven Xto
Xincorporate Xfeatures Xthat Xenable Xacceptance Xand Xreimbursement Xof Xthis Xmodality.

CHAPTER – FOUR: ANALYSIS

4. Introduction

XThis Xreview Xis Xproposing Xa Xtheoretical Xstructure Xto Xforesee XHealthcare XProvider
X(HP) XOperational XCapability, XTelehealth XOutcome XExpectations, XTelehealth
XReadiness Xand XTelehealth XAdoption Xat Xa Xhierarchical Xlevel Xin Xagricultural
Xnations. X

A Xpoll Xbased Xreview Xwas Xplanned Xand Xcreated Xdependent Xon Xthe Xapplied
Xsystem's Xcenter Xdevelops. XField Xresearch Xwas Xdirected Xin Xthe XLIBYA
Xappropriating Xthe Xpoll Xby Xmessages Xwho Xhave Xbeen Xworking Xwith Xmedical
Xservices Xsuppliers Xlike Xclinics Xand Xprivate Xfacilities Xin XLibya. XThe Xmedical
Xservices Xexperts Xare Xdeterminant Xbleeding Xedge Xstaff Xand Xcentral Xparticipants Xto
Xembrace Xe-Health Xframeworks Xand Xto Xutilize XTelehealth Xapplications. XThe
XCOVID-19 Xpandemic Xcarried Xwith Xit Xsignificant Xchanges Xin Xmedical Xcare
Xadministration Xconveyance Xacross Xthe Xglobe. XEndeavors Xto Xuphold Xsocial
Xremoving Xand Xto Xbuild Xemergency Xclinic Xlimit Xwith Xrespect Xto Xthe Xmost Xsick
XCOVID-19 Xpatients Xprompted Xthe Ximpermanent Xclosing Xdown Xof Xnumerous
Xclinical Xworkplaces Xand Xa Xquick Xprogress Xto Xtelehealth Xsystems Xfor Xpatient
Xconsideration. XAlso, Xnumerous Xmedical Xclinics Xjoined Xtelehealth Xto Xgive
Xadmittance Xto Xclaim Xto Xfame Xinterview Xin Xthe Xcrisis Xand Xinpatient Xunits. XThe
Xrising Xutilization Xof Xtelehealth Xduring Xthe XCovid Xgeneral Xwellbeing Xcrisis Xcould
Xassist Xwith Xlightening Xmonetary Xstressors Xrelated Xwith Xthe Xpandemic, Xas
Xindicated Xby Xanother Xanalysis. XWe Xthink Xexpanded Xutilization Xof Xtelehealth Xin
X2021 Xwill Xassist Xwith Xrelieving Xthe Xadverse Xeffect Xof Xrising XCovid-19-related
Xexpenses Xduring Xthe Xmain Xportion Xof Xthe Xyear, X2021. XIncreased Xutilization Xof
Xindividual Xdefensive Xhigh Xstandards Xwill Xproceed, Xas Xbetter Xexpectations Xfor
Xcleanliness Xand Xcontamination Xcontrol Xbecome Xthe Xnew Xordinary.

4.1 Effect of Demographic characteristics:

XTelehealth Xcan Xbe Xby Xand Xlarge Xcharacterized Xas Xa Xmethod Xfor Xsharing Xhealth
Xdata Xand Xmedical Xcare Xadministrations Xthrough Xintuitive Xsound Xor Xvideo
Xcorrespondence Xand XPC Xinnovation. XIt Xworks Xon Xthe Xcapacity Xof Xhealth Xexperts
Xto Xgive Xpredictable Xand Xquality Xmedical Xcare Xbenefits Xpaying Xlittle Xmind Xto
Xthe Xgeographic Xarea, Xand Xit Xis Xan Xextremely Xencouraging Xchoice Xto Xmake Xup
Xfor Xthe Xdeficiency Xof Xparticular Xmedical Xservices Xexperts Xand Xto Xwork Xon
Xnature Xof Xadministrations, Xparticularly Xin Xcountry Xdistricts. XAll Xthe Xmore
Xofficially, Xthe XAmerican XTelemedicine XAssociation Xdepicts Xtelemedicine Xas Xthe
Xutilization Xof Xclinical Xdata Xtraded Xstarting Xwith Xone Xsite Xthen Xonto Xthe Xnext
Xby Xmeans Xof Xelectronic Xinterchanges Xto Xfurther Xdevelop Xa Xpatient's Xclinical
Xwellbeing Xstatus. XMore Xcontextualized Xwith Xthis Xpaper, XCanada XHealth XInfo Xway
Xcharacterize Xtelehealth Xas Xthe Xutilization Xof Xcorrespondences Xand Xdata Xinnovation
Xto Xconvey Xmedical Xcare Xadministrations Xover Xhuge Xand Xlittle Xdistances,
Xincluding Xremote Xand Xcountry Xregions. X

XAlthough Xan Xinnovation Xor Xadministration Xutilized Xin Xa Xtelehealth Xcare Xprogram
Xmight Xmeet Xthe Xprerequisite Xto Xtrade Xclinical Xmastery Xin Xdistant Xlocales Xand
Xmay Xend Xup Xbeing Xexceptionally Xpowerful, Xthe Xinnovation Xcan Xrepresent Xan
Xextremely Xhuge Xissue Xduring Xuse Xor Xexpected Xuse. XThese Xissues Xgenerally
Xallude Xto Xthe Xthought Xof Xacknowledgment Xof Xtelehealth, Xwhich Xright Xnow
Xremains Xbroadly Xunderstudied. XFor Xsure, Xmost Xexaminations Xon Xthe Xutilization
Xof Xtelehealth Xare Xrestricted Xto Xangles Xlike Xsimplicity Xand Xrecurrence Xof
Xutilization, Xbenefits Xand Xexpenses, Xdesign Xand Xthe Xsignificance Xand Xexactness Xof
Xthe Xdata Xconveyed. XThere Xis Xlittle Xexploration Xon Xthe Xacknowledgment Xof
Xtelehealth Xand Xstudies Xcenter Xmore Xaround Xindividual Xacknowledgment, Xincluding
Xergonomics Xand Xclient Xfulfillment, Xas Xopposed Xto Xon Xfriendly Xacknowledgment.
XAn Xinvestigation Xof Xthe Xutilization Xof Xtelehealth Xshould Xthink Xabout Xthree
Xmeasurements: Xutility, Xconvenience Xand Xsocial Xacknowledgment. XThe Xestimation
Xof Xthese Xthree Xmeasurements Xmight Xdemonstrate Xvaluable Xin Xanticipating Xhow
Xthe Xinnovation Xwill Xbe Xused. X

XA Xfew Xinvestigations Xevaluated Xthe Xview Xof Xpatients Xtoward Xthe Xutilization Xof
Xtelehealth. XIn Xthis Xmeasurement, Xthey Xtook Xa Xgander Xat Xpatient's Xdemeanor
Xtowards Xthe Xelectronic Xadmittance Xto Xtheir Xclinical Xrecords. XIn Xa Xtest Xof Xa
XLibyan Xpeople Xit Xis Xobserved Xthat Xout Xof Xthe X3,874 Xrespondents, Xfound
X32.91% Xof Xpatients Xwho Xrevealed Xworries Xabout Xprotection. XThese Xoutcomes
Xshow Xthe Xsignificance Xof Xtending Xto Xpatient's Xdiscernment Xprior Xto Xpresenting
Xelectronic Xadvances Xin Xmedical Xcare. XWithout Xa Xdoubt, Xwe Xanalyzed Xthat Xthe
Xsocial Xacknowledgment Xof Xa Xtask Xis Xstraightforwardly Xidentified Xwith Xthe
Xapparent Xdangers Xto Xindividual Xlives Xor Xpersonal Xsatisfaction. XSocial
Xacknowledgment Xin Xthis Xmanner Xcompares Xwith Xthe Xearly Xacknowledgment Xof
Xshort Xand Xlong Xhaul Xhazards Xinborn Xto Xan Xundertaking Xor Xa Xcircumstance. XAt
Xthe Xpoint Xwhen Xa Xdanger Xis Xviewed Xas Xsatisfactory, Xa Xlocal Xarea Xcan
Xacknowledge Xoutcomes Xand Xharms Xas Xfar Xas Xlikelihood Xof Xevent. XGiven Xthe
Xsocial Xperspectives, Xlimitations, Xand Xprinciples Xin Xevery Xgeneral Xpublic, Xsocial
Xacknowledgment Xfor Xa Xparticular Xinnovation Xexists Xif Xa Xlocal Xarea Xresorts Xto
Xits Xemployments.

XFoster X(2011), Xstated Xthat Xt-test Xand Xone-way XANOVA Xtest Xare Xsuitable Xdata
Xanalysis Xmethods Xfor Xsuch Xanalysis. XThese Xtests Xare Xto Xfind Xif Xthere Xare Xany
Xdifferences Xamong Xthe Xdemographics, Xand Xother Xrespondents’ Xcharacteristics Xon
Xthe Xmodel Xoutputs. X
4.2 Sample Profile

XThe Xsample Xis Xconsisting Xof Xvarious Xrange Xand Xwe Xobserved Xthat Xthrough
Xthese Xsamples Xwe Xcan Xassess Xthe Xneed Xof Xtelehealth Xin Xdifferent Xforms,
Xgender Xand Xlocation Xetc. XIt Xalso Xidentifies Xthe Xexpertise Xof Xdifferent Xcategories
Xof Xprofessional Xinvolved Xwith Xtelehealth. XSome Xof Xthe Xranges Xare Xdiscussed
Xbelow:

4.3 Telehealth staff Education level

XThe Xdata Xcollected Xfrom Xvarious Xsources Xdescribe Xthe Xlevel Xof Xeducation Xand
Xtheir Xfamiliarity Xwith Xtheir Xjob. XThe Xclinicians Xand Xclinical Xtechnicians
Xrepresented Xthe Xmajority Xof Xthis Xcohort X(59%). XThe Xrest Xof Xthe Xparticipants
X(41%) Xwere Xworking Xas: Xnurses, Xclinical Xsupport Xworkers, Xconsultants,
Xadministrators Xand Xother Xjobs Xin Xhealthcare. XParticipants Xhold Xdifferent Xeducation
Xlevels; Xthese Xwere XBachelor Xof XScience X(39.1%), XMaster Xof XScience X(32.3%)
Xand XPhD X(28.6%) Xrespectively Xas Xcharted Xin Xfigure Xbelow: X
 Figure 1 Responder job title
Figure 1 Educational level
Nurse

Clinical Support
7% Worker
8% 13 % 7% 29 % BSc
Clinician 39 %
6% MSc
Clinical Technician
16 % 43 % PhD
32 %
Consultant

Administrator

Other

4.4 Telehealth provider Experience and Training

XThe XExperienced Xstaff Xis Xnot Xeasily Xavailable Xfor Xthese Xtypes Xof Xservices Xand
Xthey Xrequired Xtraining Xfor Xprogress Xin Xthis Xfield, Xthe Xdistribution Xof Xthe Xyears
Xof Xclinical Xexperience Xof Xparticipants Xidentify Xthat Xan Xaverage Xof Xclinical
Xexperience Xwere X40% Xbetween X5-10 Xyears, Xfollowed Xby X32% Xwith X1-4 Xyears
Xof Xexperience, Xand X24% Xwho Xhad X10-20 Xyears Xof Xexperience. X XOnly Xpeople
X4% Xhad Xover X20 Xyears Xof Xclinical Xexperience. X X
 Figure 2 Years of clinical experience

4.5 Telehealth staff gender and age

XThis Xis Xalso Xvery Ximportant Xaspect Xas Xwe Xneed Xto Xtrain Xdifferent Xage Xgroup
Xin Xboth Xgender Xlevel Xwomen Xrespondents Xin Xthis Xstudy Xform X52% Xcompared
Xto X48% Xmen Xof Xparticipants. XThe Xage Xrange Xprobing Xwas Xbased Xon Xprevious
Xstudies Xin Xhealthcare Xsector. X XThe Xrespondents Xare Xin Xage Xrange X(22-34) Xyears
Xold Xforming X50%, Xfollowed Xby X(35-44) Xyears Xold Xrepresenting X36%, Xthen X(45-
54) Xyears Xold Xgroup Xwith X11%, Xwhile Xthe Xpercentage Xof Xthe X(21 Xand Xunder,
Xand X55 Xand Xover) Xgroups Xwere X1% Xand X2% Xrespectively. X X
 Figure 4 Gender Figure 4 Age range of participants
2% 1%

11 %
21 and Under
48 %
52 % 22-34
Male 50 %
36% 35-44
Female
45-54
55 and Over

4. 6 Telehealth staff location, type and country of practice

XThe Xtelehealth Xproviders Xwere Xworking Xin Xboth Xhealthcare Xsectors Xin Xprivate
Xas Xwell Xas Xpublic Xand Xnearly X36% Xof Xthe Xparticipants Xwere Xemployed Xat
Xpublic Xhealthcare Xsectors. XThe Xrest Xof Xthe Xparticipants Xworked Xin Xprivate
Xhealthcare Xcenters. XFurther, Xin Xbelow Xchart Xit Xis Xidentified Xthat X44% Xof
Xindividuals Xwere Xworking Xin Xlarge Xhealthcare Xorganizations Xwhile X37% Xin
Xmedium-sized Xand X19% Xwere Xworking Xin Xsmall Xsize Xhealthcare Xcenters. X X

In Xcase Xof XLibya, Xthe Xparticipants Xwho Xworked Xin XLibya Xpresented Xthe Xhighest
Xpopulation X(78%) Xand Xthose Xworking Xin Xthe XLIBYA Xrepresented X(13%) Xof Xthe
Xtotal Xof Xour Xparticipants X
 Figure 6 Size of health providers
B
19%
44%
Small
Medium
Figure 6 Health provider types 37%
Large
A)
19%
Private
45%
Public
36% Both

4. 7 Telehealth staff language Bearer

XIt Xis Xalso Xnoted Xthat Xpreviously Xmostly Xpeople Xliving Xin Xthird Xworld
Xcountries Xwere Xnot Xfamiliar Xwith XEnglish Xlanguage Xbut Xnow Xworld Xis Xtotally
Xchanged Xespecially Xdue Xto Xhigh Xpercentage Xof Xpeople Xusing Xsocial Xmedia Xand
Xinterconnect Xwith Xdifferent Xsection Xof Xworld. XIn Xtelehealth Xless Xnon-English-
Xtalking Xpatients Xwere Xseen Xthrough Xtelehealth Xcontrasted Xand Xin-person Xcenter
Xvisits Xacross Xall Xfortes, Xperhaps Xreflecting Xvariable Xpatient Xcomfort Xwith Xvirtual
Xvisits Xrelying Xupon Xlanguage Xfamiliarity. XLikewise, Xit Xis Xconceivable Xthat
Xrestricted Xaccessibility Xof Xphone Xmediators Xand Xinnovative Xdifficulties Xwith
Xconsolidating Xtranslators Xinto Xvirtual Xvisits Xadded Xto Xthese Xnoticed Xabatements.
XNonetheless, Xthere Xwere Xan Xapparent Xnumber Xof Xnon-English-talking Xpatients
Xseen Xby Xmeans Xof Xtelevisits, Xdemonstrating Xthat Xtelehealth Xcould Xin Xany Xcase
Xbe Xan Ximportant Xasset Xfor Xthese Xpatients. XAs Xtelehealth Xkeeps Xon Xbeing
Xutilized Xduring Xthe Xcontinuous XCOVID-19 Xpandemic, Xit Xis Xessential Xthat Xwe
Xperceive Xthis Xpresent Xstage's Xweaknesses Xfor Xour Xtranslator Xsubordinate Xpatients.
XZero Xin Xought Xto Xbe Xput Xon Xconsolidating Xtop Xnotch Xtranslator Xadministrations
Xinto Xtelemedicine Xstages Xto Xguarantee Xaccess Xfor Xpatients Xwho Xrequire Xthese
Xadministrations. XOur Xanalysis Xof Xtelevisits Xexhibited Xlittle. XHowever, Xcritical
Xexpansions Xin Xthe Xextent Xof Xwhite Xpatients Xacross Xevery Xsingle Xgrown-up Xclaim
Xto Xfame, Xwith Xrelating Xdiminishes Xin Xminority Xpatients, Xrecommending Xan
Xexpected Xdisparity Xin Xtelehealth Xaccess. XOf Xnote, Xpediatric Xfortes Xdidn't Xpursue
Xthis Xdirection Xand Xpediatric Xessential Xconsideration, Xalongside Xa Xfew Xindividual
Xclaims Xto Xfame X(dermatology, Xotolaryngology, Xand Xsolid Xdystrophy), Xreally
Xshowed Xcritical Xexpansions Xin Xminority Xpatients Xwith Xtelevisits. XAlso, Xwe Xsaw
Xthat Xthe XMedical XCenter Xserved Xa Xmore Xprominent Xextent Xof Xminority Xpatients
Xin X2019 Xthan Xwould Xbe Xnormal Xdependent Xon Xthe Xpopulace Xsocioeconomics Xof
Xthe Xemergency Xclinic's Xcatchment Xregion. XThese Xdiscoveries Xwere Xsaved Xin Xthe
X2020 Xtelevisit Xpopulace, Xgiving Xadditional Xproof Xthat Xvirtual Xvisits Xare Xan Xopen
Xand Xsignificant Xasset Xfor Xour Xminority Xpatients. XThere Xare Xmany Xperplexing
Xvariables Xprobably Xaffecting Xthe Xnoticed Xcontrasts Xin Xunderstanding
Xsocioeconomics Xbetween Xcenter Xvisits Xand Xtelevisits. XMost Xstrikingly, Xminority
Xpatients Xhave Xmade Xup Xa Xconsiderable Xpiece Xof Xfundamental Xlaborers Xduring
Xthe XCOVID-19 Xpandemic, Ximplying Xthat Xthey Xprobably Xconfronted Xlopsidedly
Xmore Xprominent Xtime Ximperatives Xand Xboundaries Xto Xtelehealth Xcare Xduring
XMay Xand XJune Xof X2020.11 XIt Xis Xcritical Xto Xtake Xnote Xof Xthat Xthe Xnoticed
Xchanges Xin Xquiet Xrace Xand Xidentity Xwith Xtelevisits Xwere Xlittle Xand Xvariable
Xacross Xfortes. XAs Xtelemedicine Xdefinitely Xturns Xinto Xa Xlong-lasting Xinstallation Xin
Xmedical Xcare, Xit Xis Xindispensable Xthat Xwe Xproceed Xto Xgather Xand Xdissect
Xpatient Xsegment Xinformation Xto Xdistinguish Xpossible Xdisparities Xand Xfabricate Xa
Xvirtual Xmedical Xcare Xframework Xthat Xextends Xcare Ximpartially Xto Xall Xpopulaces.
X

4.8 Result

XOur Xoutcomes Xpropose Xthat Xtelevisits Xare Xa Xsignificant Xpatient Xasset Xand Xmeans
Xfor Xfurther Xdeveloping Xadmittance Xto Xreally Xfocus Xon Xnonprocedural Xclaims Xto
Xfame, Xgiven Xthe Xhigh Xreception Xrates Xand Xin Xgeneral Xdecrease Xin Xflake-out
Xrates. XConversely, Xcareful Xclaims Xto Xfame Xhad Xlower Xreception Xrates Xand
Xexpanded Xflake-out Xrates Xwith Xtelevisits, Xwhich Xperhaps Xreflects Xpatient Xand
Xsupplier Xdiscernments Xin Xregards Xto Xthe Xrestricted Xutility Xof Xvirtual Xvisits Xfor
Xcareful Xissues. XStrangely, Xthe Xtelevisits Xreception Xrate Xwas Xmore Xprominent Xin
Xnonsurgical Xclaims Xto Xfame Xcontrasted Xand Xessential Xconsideration. XAlbeit Xcertain
Xstandard Xessential Xconsideration Xvisit Xtypes Xexample Xare Xmedicine Xsubsequent
Xmeet-ups Xare Xappropriate Xfor Xa Xvirtual Xcenter, Xyearly Xwellbeing Xupkeep Xvisits
Xfrequently Xrequire Xactual Xtests Xand Xcan't Xbe Xfinished Xbasically. XMoreover, Xwe
Xshould Xconsider Xthe Xnovel Xand Xextraordinary Xtime Xduring Xwhich Xlate Xtelevisits
Xhave Xoccurred. XNumerous Xessential Xconsideration Xsuppliers Xwere Xconveyed Xto
Xother Xclinic Xadministrations Xduring XMay Xand XJune, Xaffecting Xtheir Xfacility Xplans.
XOuter Xstressors Xbecause Xof Xthe Xpandemic, Xwithout Xa Xdoubt, Xaffected Xpatient
Xpractices Xin Xregards Xto Xtheir Xmedical Xservices. XIt Xis Xconceivable Xthat Xthe
Xhigher Xtelehealth Xreception Xrates Xsaw Xin Xnonsurgical Xfortes Xis Xbecause Xof Xthe
Xway Xthat Xclaim Xto Xfame Xvisits Xmight Xbe Xseen Xas Xmore Xvital Xfor Xpatients
Xthan Xroutine Xwellbeing Xsupport Xvisits Xwith Xessential Xconsideration Xsuppliers. XThe
Xexecution Xof Xtelehealth Xadministrations Xduring Xthe XCOVID-19 Xpandemic Xbrought
Xabout Xforte Xexplicit Xchanges Xto Xpatient Xpopulaces, Xwith Xnumerous Xclaims Xto
Xfame Xseeing Xmarginally Xmore Xyouthful Xpatients Xand Xa Xmore Xprominent Xnumber
Xof Xpatients Xwhose Xessential Xlanguage Xwas XEnglish. XGrown-up Xstrengths Xsaw
Xlittle Xexpansions Xin Xthe Xextent Xof Xwhite Xpatients Xwith Xtelevisits, Xthough
Xessential Xconsideration Xsuppliers Xsaw Xan Xincrement Xin XMedicaid Xenrollees Xand
Xgrown-up Xnonsurgical Xsuppliers Xsaw Xan Xincrement Xin XMedicare Xpatients.
XConsidering Xthe Xphenomenal Xconditions Xencompassing Xtelehealth Xexecution, Xwe
Xsee Xthe Xoverall Xsafeguarding Xof Xminority, XMedicaid, Xand XMedicare Xpatients Xin
Xtelehealth Xvisits Xas Xa Xpromising Xsign Xthat Xtelehealth Xcan Xpossibly Xfurther
Xdevelop Xadmittance Xto Xreally Xfocus Xon Xall Xpatients. XBesides, Xinvestigation Xof
Xflake-out Xrates Xexhibited Xthat Xnonsurgical Xstrengths Xto Xa Xgreat Xextent Xprofited
Xfrom Xtelevisits, Xwhile Xcareful Xclaims Xto Xfame Xdidn't. XExtra Xwork Xshould Xbe
Xdone Xto Xguarantee Xthat Xprogressing Xtelehealth Xdevelopment Xis Xdone Xsuch Xthat
Xattempts Xto Xprotect Xvalue Xand Xaccess Xfor Xpatients Xfrom Xall Xfoundations.
4.9 Influence of participant gender on model output

XAfter Xanalyzing Xindependent-samples Xto Xcompare Xthe Xmean Xscores Xfor Xthe Xtwo
Xgroups Xand Xreport Xthe Xsignificance Xof Xtheir Xdifferences. XThe Xresult Xof
Xindependent Xt-test Xwas Xperformed Xin Xterm Xto Xdetect Xany Xexisting Xrelationship
Xbetween Xthe Xhealthcare Xprovider Xstaff’s Xgender Xand Xthe Xmodel’s Xoutputs, Xand
Xtheir Xvalues Xwere Xnot Xstatistically Xsignificant Xas Xshown Xin Xtable Xand Xfigure
Xbelow: X

Table 1:Influence of gender of participants on model’s outputs

xGender xN x xMean xStd. xP

x x xDeviation x xvalue x

xHP xOperational xCapability x xMale x 3773 1233333 5.67180 x 50.186

3.80 52 x x

xFemale 3843 53.940 5.61911 x

x x 5x

xTelehealth xOutcome x xMale x 377 54.04 5 5.79086 x 50.056

3x 5x x
Expectation x
xFemale 3843 54.2 5.61624 x
x x 599 x

xTelehealth xReadiness x Male x 377 53.3377 5.63636 x 50.872

3x x x

Female x 3843 53.3472 5.68838 x

x

xTelehealth xAdoption x Male x 77x3 53.8909 5.64689 x 50.966

x x

Female x 84 3 53.89 5.63410 x

52 x
 Figure 7 Influence of gender of participants on model’s outputs

The Xfindings Xsuggest Xthat Xmodel’s Xoutputs XHP XOperational XCapability, XTelehealth
XOutcome XExpectation, XTelehealth XReadiness, Xand XTelehealth XAdoption Xwere Xnot
Xinfluenced Xby Xgender Xin Xthis Xstudy Xand Xare Xnot Xto Xbe Xfurther Xexamined Xin
Xthis Xresearch. XIt Xshould Xbe Xnoted Xthat XTelehealth Xoutcome Xexpectation Xhad Xp
Xvalues Xis X0.056 Xand Xit Xmight Xbecome Xstatistically Xsignificant Xwith Xa Xlarger
Xsample Xsize. X

4.10 Influence of age on model output

XAnalysis Xof Xvariance X(ANOVA) Xtest Xwas Xperformed Xto Xidentify Xdifferences Xin
Xmean Xof Xmodel Xoutcome Xbased Xon Xage Xrange Xgroups Xin Xthis Xstudy. XTable
Xand XFigure Xbelow Xindicate Xthat Xthe Xmean Xfor Xparticipants Xage Xrange Xwas X22
34 Xyears Xold X(4.11±0.67), X35-44 Xyears Xold X(4.19±0.77), X45-54 Xyears Xold
X(4.27±0.67) Xand X55 X& Xover X(4.33±0.57). XThe Xage Xrange Xgroups Xof Xparticipants
Xand XTelehealth XReadiness Xwere Xstatistically Xsignificant Xare X0.046. X X

XThus Xpost Xhock Xtest Xin Xtable Xbelow Xwas Xapplied Xto Xinvestigate Xwhich Xage
Xrange Xgroup Xhas Xeffect Xon XTelehealth Xreadiness Xand Xthe Xfinding Xwas Xthat
Xthe Xage Xrange X35-44 Xgroup Xwas Xmore Xoptimistic Xregarding XTelehealth
XReadiness Xcompared Xwith Xthe Xage Xrange X22-34 Xgroup.

Table 2: ANOVA test comparing age range of participants based on model’s outputs

df X FX Sig. X

XHP XOperational XCapability X Between XGroups X 43X

Within XGroups XTotal X 156 3 X .7236 3X .576 3 X

160 3 X

Between XGroups X 43X

XTelehealth XOutcome XExpectation .523 3 3
Within XGroups X 156 3 X .806 3 X
X X
Total X 160 3 X

Between XGroups X 43X

2.48 3 3
XTelehealth XReadiness X Within XGroups X 156 3 X .046 3
X
Total X 160 3 X

Between XGroups X 43X

1.791 3 .133 3 3
XTelehealth XAdoption X Within XGroups X 156 3 X
X 3X
Total X 160 3 X
 Figure 8: ANOVA test comparing age range of participants based on model’s outputs

Table 3: Post-Hoc test comparing participants’ age range based on Telehealth Readiness

(I) XAge XRange Xof (J) XAge XRange Xof Mean X

XParticipants X XParticipants X Sig. X
Difference X(I-J)
X

22-34 Xyears Xold X 35-44 Xyears Xold X -.24319* .019* X

45-54 Xyears Xold X .05955 X .708 X

55 Xand Xover X -.34568 X .325 X

35-44 Xyears Xold X 22-34 Xyears Xold X .24319* .019

45-54 Xyears Xold X .30274 X .067 X

55 Xyears Xold Xand Xover X -.10249 X .772 X

45-54 Xyears Xold X 22-34 Xyears Xold X -.05955 X .708 X

35-44 Xyears Xold X -.30274 X .067 X

55 Xyears Xold Xand Xover X -.40523 X .279 X

 55 Xyears Xold Xand Xover X 22-34 Xyears Xold X .34568 X .325 X

35-44 Xyears Xold X .10249 X .772 X

45-54 Xyears Xold X .40523 X .279 X

4.11 Influence of participant job level Xin model output

XThe Xdifferent Xjob Xrole Xgroups Xincludes Xwere X7% Xnurses, X7% Xclinical Xsupport
Xworkers, X43% Xclinicians, X16% Xclinical Xtechnicians, X6% Xconsultants Xand X9%
Xadministrators. XIn Xthis Xresearch Xresponded Xsimilarly Xto Xthe Xmain Xfour Xoutcomes
Xof Xthis Xstudy Xand Xjob Xrole Xdid Xnot Xhave Xany Ximpact Xon Xthe Xresults, Xand
Xvalues Xwere X> X0.05. X

4.12 Influence of participant Education level

XEven Xthough Xthe Xparticipants Xwere Xat Xdifferent Xlevels Xof Xtheir Xeducational
Xbackground Xsuch Xas XBachelor, XMaster Xand XPhD Xdegree Xholders, Xfigure X
Xillustrate Xthat Xthere Xwere Xnot Xstatistical Xdifferences Xin Xtheir Xresponses Xin Xterm
Xof XTelehealth Xoutcome Xexpectation, XTelehealth Xreadiness Xand XTelehealth Xadoption,
Xas Xvalues Xwere X0.190, X0.069, Xand X0.089 Xrespectively. X X X
 Figure 9 Participants’ education level and model outputs

4. 13 Influence of participant experience

XThe Xyears Xof Xexperience Xgroups Xin Xthis Xresearch X Xis Xfalls Xbetween X1-4, X5-
10, X10-20, Xand X20+ Xbehave Xdifferently Xin Xterms Xof Xthe Xmodel’s Xoutputs. XFigure
Xshows Xthat Xthe Xmean Xdifference Xin XTelehealth Xoutcome Xexpectation Xwas Xhigh
Xbetween Xgroups Xon XTelehealth Xoutcome Xexpectation, Xand Xbetween Xgroups Xon
XTelehealth Xreadiness. XHowever, XTelehealth Xadoption Xmean Xdifferences Xbetween
Xgroups Xwere Xnot Xsignificant. X
 Model's Outputs with HP Years of Experience
5.00
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
Sco 2.50
re
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
HP Operational TM Outcome
TM Readin ess TM Adoption
Capabilit y Expectation
(1-4Yrs ) 3.74 3.93 3.14 3.80
(5-10Yrs ) 3.90 4.21 3.44 3.97
(10-20Yrs ) 4.03 4.43 3.43 3.86
(Over 20 Yrs ) 3.78 3.89 3.50 4.07

Figure 10 Participants’ years of experience on model’s outputs

4.14 14 Adoption & Acceptance of Technology in Libya

XIn Xthis Xcross-sectional Xreview, Xa Xmysterious Xelectronic Xstudy Xwas Xcontrolled Xto
XLibyan Xinhabitants Xamong XApril Xand XMay X2020. XMembers Xwere Xreached
Xthrough Xtext Xinforming, Xmessages, Xand Xonline Xmedia. XThe Xreview Xthings
Xyielded Xdata Xon Xthe Xsocio-demographic Xattributes, Xaccessibility Xand Xavailability
Xof Xmedical Xcare Xadministrations, Ximpacts Xof Xthe XCOVID-19 Xpandemic Xon
Xmedical Xservices Xadministrations, Xpsychological Xwellness Xstatus, Xand Xthe
Xpossibility Xand Xutilization Xof Xthe Xtelehealth Xframework. XExtended Xaccessibility Xis
Xa Xbasic Xpart Xfor Xthe Xachievement Xof Xwell Xbeing X

Xorganizations. XReceptiveness Xis Xthe Xconviction Xidentifying Xwith Xhow Xa Xclinical

Xconsideration Xsystem Xhas Xworked Xwith Xthe Xreceipt Xof Xcare Xfrom Xhealth Xcare
Xproviders. XPermission Xto Xclinical Xconsideration Xis Xthe Xcommunication Xbetween
Xthe Xqualities Xof Xindividuals, Xand Xsocial Xand Xphysical Xconditions, Xand Xthe
Xcharacteristics Xof Xhealth Xcare Xsystems, Xorganizations Xand Xproviders, Xand Xit
Xaccepts Xa Xcentral Xpart Xin Xthe Xexecution Xof Xa Xclinical Xconsideration Xstructure.
XWorking Xwith Xinduction Xto Xclinical Xconsideration Xconstructs Xthe Xopportunity Xto
Xgain Xlegitimate Xthought Xorganizations Xin Xconditions Xwhere Xit Xis Xrequired, Xand
Xredesigns Xthe Xutilization Xof Xsuch Xorganizations Xto Xthe Xextent Xorganization
Xavailability Xand Ximportance, Xsimilarly Xas Xphysical Xand Xfinancial Xaccessibility.
XWith Xtelehealth, Xpatients Xdo Xnot Xneed Xto Xgo Xto Xthe Xclinical Xfacility Xlikewise,
Xhold Xto Xsee Xtheir Xprimary Xcare Xphysician. XFurthermore, Xtelehealth Xmakes Xit
Xattainable Xfor Xcrippled Xpatients Xand Xpatients Xwith Xvarious Xlimits Xto Xmind, Xfor
Xinstance, Xthe Xpeople Xwho Xare Xhousebound Xor Xlive Xin Xrural Xdistricts, Xto Xget
Xhealth Xcare. XThe Xtransparency Xof Xtelehealth Xwill Xincrease Xthe Xaccommodation Xof
Xtelehealth Xand Xas Xsuch Xwe Xestimated. XExtended Xaccessibility Xinsistently
Xinfluences Xthe Xevident Xaccommodation Xof Xtelehealth. XUpdated Xcare Xis Xdescribed
Xas Xone's Xfeelings Xon Xhow Xtelehealth Xcan Xfurther Xfoster Xthe Xthought Xthat
Xpatients Xget Xfrom Xtheir Xclinical Xbenefits Xcapable X. XTelehealth Xsimplifies Xit Xfor
Xpatients Xto Xcounsel Xclinical Xbenefits Xspecialists Xand Xgrows Xthe Xpossibility Xof
Xpredictable Xclinical Xbenefits Xand Xearly Xacknowledgment Xof Xailments. XIt Xmay
Xdeal Xwith Xthe Xusefulness Xof Xclinical Xconsideration Xto Xthe Xextent Xsolace Xin
Xfollow-up Xwhile Xstaying Xaware Xof Xclinical Xpracticality Xwith Xless Xcost Xfor Xthe
Xtwo Xpatients Xand Xclinicians Xdifferentiated Xand Xstandard Xvisits. XTelehealth Xwas
Xsimilarly Xfound Xto Xbe Xamazing Xin Xexplicit Xfields, Xincluding Xmental Xinterventions
Xand Xhome Xseeing Xof Xrespiratory Xconditions, Xand Xfor Xprogressing Xailments
Xincluding Xdiabetes, Xcoronary Xailment, Xin Xaddition, Xcontinuous Xobstructive
Xaspiratory Xdiseases. XThis Xof Xthe Xcomfort Xof Xtelehealth; XTAM Xattests Xthat
Xcustomer Xunderstanding Xwith Xrespect Xto Xthe Xhandiness Xof Xa Xadvancement Xis
Xinfluenced Xby Xits Xcomfort. XSeen Xeffortlessness Xof Xuse Xinsinuates Xhow Xmuch Xan
Xindividual Xacknowledges Xthat Xusing Xthe Xstructure Xwill Xbe Xfreed Xfrom Xeffort.
XThe Xmore Xstraightforward Xthe Xstructure Xis Xto Xuse, Xthe Xmore Xaccommodating Xit
Xwill Xin Xgeneral Xbe XFor Xtelehealth, Xthe Xstraightforwardness Xof Xuse Xwill Xsimilarly
Xgrow Xits Xobvious Xhandiness, Xand Xsubsequently Xwe Xhypothesized Xfurther
Xdeveloped Xclinical Xbenefits Xstructure Xwill Xconstruct Xpeople's Xunderstanding.

We Xgot X2512 Xsubstantial Xreactions, Xof Xwhich X1721 X(68.5%) Xwere Xfrom Xfemales.
XThe Xmembers Xwere Xmatured X28.2 X(SD X7.6) Xa Xlong Xtime, Xof Xwhom X2333
X(92.9%) Xwere Xmatured X<40 Xyears, Xand X1463 X(58.2%) Xwere Xsingle. XWith
Xrespect Xto Xmedical Xcare Xadministrations Xand Xtheir Xopenness, X786 X(31.1%)
Xmembers Xrevealed Xhaving Xa Xchronic Xweakness Xstatus Xas Xa Xrule, Xand X492
X(19.6%) Xannounced Xhaving Xan Xaffirmed Xdetermination Xof Xno Xless Xthan Xone
Xongoing Xillness. XBesides, X498 X(19.9%) Xmembers Xrevealed Xshifting Xlevels Xof
Xtrouble Xin Xgetting Xto Xmedical Xcare Xcommunities Xand X1558 X(62.0%) Xcouldn't Xget
Xto Xtheir Xclinical Xrecords. XFurthermore, X1546 X(61.6%) Xmembers Xexperienced
Xissues Xin Xtaking Xcare Xof Xclinical Xexpenses, Xand X1429 X(56.9%) Xabstained Xfrom
Xlooking Xfor Xclinical Xconsideration Xattributable Xto Xmonetary Xconcerns. XConcerning
Xpossibility Xof Xthe Xtelehealth Xframework, Xroughly X50% Xof Xthe Xmembers Xdetailed
Xthat Xtelehealth Xadministrations Xwere Xhelpful Xduring Xthe XCOVID-19 Xpandemic,
Xand X1545 X(61.5%) Xrevealed Xthat Xthe Xframework Xwas Xa Xcompelling Xmethod Xfor
Xcorrespondence Xand Xof Xacquiring Xmedical Xcare Xadministrations. XMoreover, X1435
X(57.1%) Xmembers Xfelt Xhappy Xwith Xutilizing Xthe Xtelehealth Xframework, Xand X1129
X(44.9%) Xfelt Xthat Xthey Xhad Xthe Xoption Xto Xcommunicate Xtheir Xthoughts
Xsuccessfully. XIn Xaddition, X1389 X(55.3%) Xmembers Xdiscovered Xthe Xframework
Xstraightforward, Xand X1354 X(53.9%) Xannounced Xhaving Xbrilliant Xcorrespondence
Xwith Xdoctors Xthrough Xthe Xtelehealth Xframework. XNonetheless, Xjust X1018 X(40.5%)
Xmembers Xannounced Xthat Xcorrespondence Xwas Xpreferred Xwith Xthe Xtelehealth
Xframework Xover Xwith Xcustomary Xstrategies. X

Our Xreview Xuncovered Xsignificant Xdegrees Xof Xconvenience Xand Xreadiness Xto
Xutilize Xthe Xtelemedicine Xframework Xas Xan Xelective Xmethodology Xto Xin-person
Xcounsels Xamong Xthe XLibyan Xinhabitants. XThis Xframework Xis Xworthwhile Xon Xthe
Xgrounds Xthat Xit Xdefeats Xmedical Xservices Xcosts, Xbuilds Xadmittance Xto Xincite
Xclinical Xmind Xand Xfollow-up Xassessment, Xand Xdiminishes Xthe Xdanger Xof XCOVID-
19 Xtransmission. XBe Xthat Xas Xit Xmay, Xweb Xnetwork Xand Xpower Xissues Xcould Xbe
Xa Xgenerous Xboundary Xfor Xsome, Xasset Xrestricted Xnetworks, Xand Xfurther
Xinvestigations Xshould Xaddress Xsuch Ximpediments. XTending Xto Xthis Xreality Xwill
Xinclude Xcentered Xconveyance Xof Xmechanically Xfitting Xand Xsocially Xdelicate
Xarrangements Xthat Xline Xup Xwith X"global" X(worldwide Xand Xneighborhood)
Xwellbeing Xframework Xand Xwellbeing X"needs" Xof Xevery Xelement X(organization,
Xsub-national Xarea, Xnation) Xand Xculture Xincluded, Xpreferably Xas Xa Xproof Xbased,
Xneeds-based, Xstraightforward, Xand Xfaultless Xstrategy.5,22 Xalong Xthese Xlines,
Xtelehealth Xcould Xgive Xmore Xnoteworthy Xadmittance Xto Xmore Xextensive Xwellbeing
Xaptitude Xthrough Xtele-consultations, Xraise Xthe Xabilities Xand Xinformation Xon Xnearby
Xmedical Xservices Xsuppliers Xthrough Xpreparing, Xand Xsurprisingly Xencourage Xmore
Xprominent Xself-care Xand Xhealth Xpropensities Xfor Xa Xpopulace Xthrough Xmindfulness
Xbuilding Xand Xconduct Xchange. XAlbeit Xnot Xthe Xwhole Xarrangement, Xit Xcould Xhelp
Ximpressively. X

The Xcreated Xworld Xhas Xa Xpersonal Xstake Xin Xworked Xon Xworldwide Xwellbeing
Xand Xcreating Xworld Xarrangements. XTo Xan Xever Xincreasing Xextent, Xsicknesses Xare
Xturning Xinto Xa Xworldwide Xconcern. XIgnored, Xor Xvagrant, Xinfections X– Xonce
Xviewed Xas Xa Xscourge Xof Xsimply Xthe Xcreating Xscene Xare Xpresently Xready Xto
Xspread Xquickly Xand Xuniversally. XThe Xexceptionally Xpermeable Xnature Xof Xour
Xonce Xprohibitive Xpolitical Xboundaries Xand Xquick Xtransportation Xto Xanyplace Xon
Xthe Xplanet Xhas Xchanged Xthis. XThis Xtruth Xwas Xshown Xthrough Xthe XHIV/AIDS
Xand XSARS Xpandemics, Xand Xsurprisingly Xthe Xcurrent Xascent Xin Xworldwide Xworry
Xaround XEbola. XWe Xcan Xpresently Xdon't Xzero Xin Xon Xissues X– Xor Xmechanical
Xarrangements X– Xas Xthough Xthey Xwere Xexclusively Xof Xsovereign Xconcern, Xyet
Xshould Xnow Xadditionally Xconsider Xthe Xworldwide Xramifications Xof Xwhat Xwe Xdo
Xlocally. XThe Xasset Xconstraints Xof Xmost Xagricultural Xnation Xsettings Xwill Xrequire
Xtelehealth X(for Xsure, Xe-wellbeing) Xanswers Xfor Xbe Xviable, Xhowever Xbasic Xand
Xmodest. XThe Xcreated Xworld Xcan Xprofit Xfrom Xsuch Xcreating Xworld Xdevelopment;
Xthis Xstream Xis X"converse" Xto Xthe Xcustomary Xguide Xdriven Xstream Xand Xhas
Xbeen Xauthored X"turn Xaround Xadvancement". X

4.15 Chapter Summary

There Xis Xa Xdemeanor Xof Xcertainty Xrelated Xwith Xthe Xutilization Xof X"e-wellbeing" X(counting
Xtelehealth) Xfor Xfuture Xmedical Xcare Xand Xhealth Xsupport Xin XLibyan Xnationals. XBe Xthat Xas Xit
Xmay, Xthe Xkey Xwill Xbe Xto Xput Xadmirably Xin Xthe Xdistinguishing Xproof, Xshowing, Xand
Xexecution Xof Xjust Xarrangements Xdemonstrated Xto Xoffer Xexpansive Xworth Xin Xthose Xsettings.
XThis Xwill Xrequire Xreasonable Xutilization Xof Xexamples Xgained Xfrom Xcurrent Xuse, Xkeen
Xcomprehension Xof Xhindrances Xand Xchoices Xto Xconquer Xthem, Xand Xcreative Xand Xinventive
Xuse Xof Xmechanically Xsuitable Xarrangements. X

In Xthe Xwake Xof Xportraying Xthe Xexpansiveness Xof Xcurrent Xutilization Xof Xtelehealth Xin XLibyan
Xnationals, Xthis Xaudit Xdepicts Xsome Xbroad Xdifficulties Xand Xcloses Xby Xconsidering Xfuture
Xpossibilities Xfor Xtelehealth Xin Xthe Xcreating Xscene.

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION

5. Introduction

XThis Xpart Xsums Xup Xthe Xreview's Xprinciple Xdiscoveries, Xresearch Xcommitments Xto
Xinformation, Xadministrative Xramifications, Xconcentrate Xon Xconstraints Xand
Xconceivable Xfuture Xexploration. X

XLibyan Xmedical Xservices Xassociations, Xwith Xrestricted Xassets, Xare Xneeded Xto Xoffer
Xclinical Xtypes Xof Xassistance Xto Xall Xoccupants Xpaying Xlittle Xheed Xto Xwhere Xthey
Xare, Xconsequently Xe-Health Xframeworks Xand XTelehealth Xarrangements Xare
Xconsidered Xas Xa Xpossible Xhelp Xto Xthe Xcurrent Xmedical Xservices Xadministrations
Xor Xmaybe Xas Xan Xoption Xin Xsome Xmedical Xservices Xstages Xlike Xpatient's
Xadministration. XTelehealth Xmay Xbe Xa Xpragmatic Xway Xto Xdeal Xwith Xgive Xdistance
Xmedical Xcare Xadministrations Xto Xpatients Xas Xopposed Xto Xsending Xthem Xfrom
Xone Xspot Xto Xanother. XMoreover, Xit Xcan Xpossibly Xsave Xtime, Xcash Xand
Xpotentially Xlives. XIt Xis Xsignificant Xfor Xmedical Xcare Xsuppliers Xto Xwork Xwith Xa
Xsimple Xadmittance Xto Xmedical Xcare Xadministration Xclients Xparticularly Xthe
Xpopulace Xliving Xin Xcountry Xregions Xand Xthose Xdetermined Xto Xhave Xconstant
Xinfections Xwhere Xtheir Xmedical Xservices Xthe Xboard Xmight Xbe Xinspected Xdistantly.
XThe Xreview's Xpoint Xwas Xdecided Xto Xsurvey Xthe Xidea Xof XTelehealth XReadiness
Xat Xan Xauthoritative Xlevel Xin XLibya, Xand Xhas Xrecognized Xthe Xmedical Xservices
Xsuppliers' Xviewpoint, Xand Xthe Ximpact Xof Xdifferent Xhealth Xspecific Xorganizational
Xfactors Xremembering Xhierarchical Xabilities Xand Xassets Xfor Xthe Xreview Xresults.
XThe Xexploration Xwas Xled Xutilizing Xa Xquantitative Xand Xsubjective Xmethodology.
XThis Xwas Xdone Xeffectively Xto Xaccomplish Xthe Xexploration Xpoints Xand
Xexamination Xquestions. XIn Xthe Xfundamental Xfield Xstudy, Xa Xpoll Xbased Xreview
Xwas Xutilized Xand Xconveyed Xto Xa Xpopulace Xof X620 Xpeople X(principally
Xclinicians), Xdecreased Xto X520 Xafter Xavoidances Xand Xthe Xrespondent's Xcomplete
Xwas X161. XThe Xdesignated Xpopulace Xwas Xon Xpreparing Xprojects Xand Xreading Xfor
Xadditional Xinstruction Xin Xthe XLIBYA Xand Xfunctioning Xas Xmedical Xservices
Xsuppliers Xin XLibya. XThis Xexploration Xhas Xtracked Xdown Xthat Xdifferent
Xauthoritative Xcomponents Xaffect XTelehealth XReadiness Xand Xsubsequently Xon Xthe
Xexecution Xof Xsuch Xinnovation Xincluding XHealthcare XProvider X(HP) XHR, XIT
XInfrastructure, Xinnovation XEase Xof XUse Xand Xmedical Xcare Xsuppliers' Xviewpoint.
XIn Xthe Xrelapse Xinvestigation, Xit Xwas Xdiscovered Xthat XTelehealth XReadiness
X[influenced Xby XTelehealth XEase Xof XUse, XHP XIT XInfrastructure Xand XHP XHR
XCapability X(p X< X0.001, XR2= X0.472)], XTelehealth XOutcome XExpectations
X[influenced Xby XHP XUser XExpectations Xand XHP XHR XCapability X(p X< X0.001,
XR2= X0.522)] Xand XHP XOperational XCapability X[influenced Xby XHP XUser
XExpectations, XTelehealth XEase Xof XUse, XHP XLearning XCapabilities Xand XHP XIT
XInfrastructure X(p X< X0.001, XR2= X0.353)] Xemphatically Xaffect XTelehealth XAdoption
X(p X< X0.001, XR2= X0.477).
5.1 Summary of Research

XThe Xcreated Xworld Xhas Xa Xpersonal Xstake Xin Xworked Xon Xworldwide Xwellbeing
Xand Xcreating Xworld Xarrangements. XTo Xan Xever Xincreasing Xextent, Xinfections Xare
Xturning Xinto Xa Xworldwide Xconcern. XDisregarded, Xor Xvagrant, Xsicknesses X– Xonce
Xviewed Xas Xa Xscourge Xof Xsimply Xthe Xcreating Xscene X– Xare Xpresently Xready Xto
Xspread Xquickly Xand Xall Xaround Xthe Xworld. XThe Xextremely Xpermeable Xnature Xof
Xour Xearlier Xprohibitive Xpolitical Xlines Xand Xquick Xtransportation Xto Xanyplace Xon
Xthe Xplanet Xhas Xchanged Xthis. XThis Xtruth Xwas Xshown Xthrough Xthe XHIV/AIDS
Xand XSARS Xpandemics, Xand Xsurprisingly Xthe Xcurrent Xascent Xin Xworldwide Xworry
Xaround XEbola. XWe Xcan Xat Xthis Xpoint Xdon't Xzero Xin Xon Xissues Xor Xinnovative
Xarrangements Xas Xthough Xthey Xwere Xexclusively Xof Xsovereign Xconcern, Xhowever
Xshould Xnow Xadditionally Xconsider Xthe Xworldwide Xramifications Xof Xwhat Xwe Xdo
Xlocally Xglobal Xhealthcare. XWhat's Xmore, Xthe Xasset Xconstraints Xof Xmost
Xagricultural Xnation Xsettings Xwill Xrequire Xtelehealth X(without Xa Xdoubt, Xtelehealth)
Xanswers Xfor Xbe Xpowerful, Xhowever Xbasic Xand Xreasonable Xinnovatively Xfitting.
XThe Xcreated Xworld Xcan Xprofit Xfrom Xsuch Xcreating Xworld Xadvancement; Xthis
Xstream Xis X"opposite" Xto Xthe Xconventional Xguide Xdriven Xstream Xand Xhas Xbeen
Xauthored X"invert Xdevelopment". X

XYet, Xthe Xmain Xthrust Xis Xa Xlong Xway Xfrom Xunselfish. XTelehealth Xaddresses
Xlarge Xbusiness. XSimilarly Xthe Xworldwide Xm-wellbeing Xmarket Xis Xrelied Xupon Xto
Xhit X$21.5 Xbillion Xout Xof X4 Xyears, Xwith Xa Xyearly Xdevelopment Xpace Xof X55%,
Xand Xthe Xworldwide Xdistant Xpatient Xchecking Xmarket X(including Xoutside Xobserving
Xgadgets Xand Ximplantable Xobserving Xgadgets) Xis Xaccepted Xto Xbe Xprepared Xfor
Xhuge Xgrowth. XMost Xof Xthis Xwill Xbe Xin Xevolved Xnations Xat Xfirst X(Europe Xand
XNorth XAmerica), Xhowever Xin Xany Xevent, Xagricultural Xnations Xstay Xa Xbusiness
Xopportunity X– Xsomebody X(an Xindividual, Xinsurance Xagency, Xor Xgovernment) Xneeds
Xto Xpay Xfor Xmedical Xcare, Xif Xworked Xwith Xby Xe-wellbeing. XAll Xthe Xmore
Xaltogether, Xthe Xworld's Xtop Xeconomies Xare Xmoving, Xand XPeople's XRepublic Xof
XChina, XIndia, Xand XBrazil Xare Xrelied Xupon Xto Xmove Xhigher, Xand XMexico Xto
Xenter, Xthe Xbest X10 Xeconomies Xby X2020. XImmense Xpopulaces, Xrising Xfamily
Xlivelihoods, Xand Xmore Xyouthful Xshoppers Xmight Xinvigorate Xpublic Xpremium Xin
Xe-wellbeing. XWhat Xmay Xbe Xthe Xprofit Xfrom Xspeculation Xfor Xthe Xcreating Xscene,
Xand Xfor Xwhom Xthe Xstate Xor Xpeople? XCritical Xcases Xhave Xbeen Xmade Xof Xcost
Xreserve Xfunds Xin Xthe Xcreated Xworld; Xhowever Xsuch Xreserve Xfunds Xare Xprobably
Xnot Xgoing Xto Xgather Xto Xthe Xvast Xmajority Xof Xthe Xcreating Xworld. XThere
Xshould Xbe Xdifferent Xadvantages Xother X"esteem" Xdistinguished Xand Xregarded. X

XThere Xis Xa Xdemeanor Xof Xcertainty Xrelated Xwith Xthe Xutilization Xof X"e-wellbeing"
X(counting Xtelehealth) Xfor Xfuture Xmedical Xcare Xand Xhealth Xsupport Xin Xagricultural
Xnations. XIn Xany Xcase, Xthe Xkey Xwill Xbe Xto Xput Xcarefully Xin Xthe Xdistinguishing
Xproof, Xexhibit, Xand Xexecution Xof Xjust Xarrangements Xdemonstrated Xto Xoffer Xwide
Xworth Xin Xthose Xsettings. XThis Xwill Xrequire Xprudent Xuse Xof Xexamples Xgained
Xfrom Xcurrent Xuse, Xclever Xcomprehension Xof Xboundaries Xand Xchoices Xto Xbeat
Xthem, Xand Xinventive Xand Ximaginative Xutilization Xof Xinnovatively Xfitting
Xarrangements. X

XSubsequent Xto Xportraying Xthe Xbroadness Xof Xcurrent Xutilization Xof Xtelehealth Xin
Xnon-industrial Xnations, Xthis Xsurvey Xdepicts Xsome Xbroad Xdifficulties Xand Xfinishes
Xup Xby Xconsidering Xfuture Xpossibilities Xfor Xtelehealth Xin Xthe Xcreating Xscene.

5.2 Research contribution to knowledge

XAs Xadvancement Xin Xtechnology Xpropels, Xthere Xis Xa Xpresumption Xof

Xomnipresence Xthat Xthose Xin Xthe Xcreating Xscene Xwill Xhave Xprepared Xadmittance
Xto Xboth Xreasonable Xremote Xcorrespondence Xand Xelement Xrich Xportable Xinnovation.
XThe XInternational XTelecommunications XUnion Xfigures Xshow Xthat Xjust X31% Xof
Xthe Xcreating Xtotal Xpopulace Xis Xon Xthe Xweb X– Xonly X16% Xin XAfrica X(77% Xin
Xthe Xcreated Xworld), Xand X90% Xof Xfamilies Xnot Xassociated Xwith Xthe XInternet Xare
Xin Xthe Xcreating Xworld. XEven Xfor Xthose Xwith Xinnovation Xand Xaccess, Xhelpless
Xgeneral Xand Xmechanical Xproficiency Ximplies Xuse Xis Xrestricted; Xcan Xa Xghetto
Xinhabitant Xfrom Xa Xnon-industrial Xnation Xtruly Xbe Xrelied Xupon Xto Xclaim Xand
Xhave Xa Xcomponent Xrich Xcell Xphone Xand Xadequate Xexpertise Xand Xbroadcast
Xappointment Xto Xtake Xand Xshare Xphotos, Xrecord Xvideo, Xget Xand Xappreciate Xmixed
Xmedia, Xor Xinterface Xwith Xthe XInternet? XIn X2014, XJack Xand XMars Xshowed Xthat
Xin Xcountry Xand Xdistant Xspaces Xof XSouth XAfrica, Xnumerous Xproprietors Xwere
Xhesitant Xto Xutilize Xtheir Xfundamental Xmobile Xphones Xin Xlight Xof Xthe Xsignificant
Xexpense, Xwith X38% Xincapable Xto Xbear Xbroadcast Xappointment Xfor Xover Xmulti
Xweek Xin Xthe Xprevious Xyear. XFor Xweak Xgatherings Xand Xthe Xpeople Xwho Xare
Xincredibly Xpoor Xand Xpoor Xthose Xmost Xout Xof Xluck Xactually Xsubstantially Xless
Xthan Xthe Xdistributed Xfigures Xof XICT Xentrance Xwould Xpropose.

5.3 Telehealth Challenges in Libya

XTelehealth Xis Xbeing Xapproached Xto Xconverge Xwith Xexisting Xmedical Xcare
Xframeworks Xlikened Xto Xsqueezing Xa Xsquare Xstake Xinto Xa Xcircular Xopening X–
Xwhen, Xindeed, Xit Xmight Xwork Xbest Xin Xa Xtotally Xnew Xframework. XDiscount
Xchange Xof Xmedical Xservices Xframeworks Xwon't Xhappen, Xwith Xmany Xactually
Xbattling Xwith Xprogressing Xchanges Xto Xmove Xtoward Xan Xessential Xconsideration
Xdirection Xand Xwidespread Xwellbeing Xinclusion. XConsequently, Xthe Xtest Xturns Xout
Xto Xbe Xhow Xcould Xmedical Xcare Xframeworks, Xprojects, Xand Xarrangements Xbe
Xsatisfactorily Xchanged, Xaltered, Xor Xin Xany Xcase Ximproved Xto Xoblige Xtelehealth?
XHuman Xinstinct Xdirects Xthat Xin Xthe Xevent Xthat Xwe Xdon't Xhave Xfaith Xin
Xsomething, Xwe Xdon't Xinvest Xthe Xenergy Xto Xmake Xit Xwork. XMindfulness Xand
Xinformation Xon Xkey Xpartners Xshould Xbe Xraised, Xso Xthey Xthink Xall Xthe Xmore
Xemphatically Xand Xeffectively Xabout Xthe Xsuitable Xuse Xand Xworth Xof Xtelehealth.
XHealth Xproblems Xpersist Xin XLibya Xand Xuntil Xand Xunless Xawareness Xand
Xacceptability Xappeared, Xit Xis Xdifficult Xto Xhandle Xthe Xsituation. XFurther Xwe Xneed
Xadvancement Xin Xtechnology Xin Xany Xcountry Xto Xmaximum Xutilize Xthe Xfacility
Xand Xmake Xit Xfruitful Xfor Xthe Xwhole Xgeneration Xor Xpopulation.

This Xreview Xhas Xa Xfew Xconstraints. XIn Xthe Xfirst Xplace, Xwhile Xfactors Xrelated
Xwith Xtelehealth Xacknowledgment Xwere Xremembered Xfor Xthis Xreview, Xthe Xreal
Xconduct Xof Xembracing Xtelehealth Xwas Xnot Xdissected. XThe Xbackhanded Xdevelop
Xof Xgoal Xto Xutilize Xtelehealth Xwas Xutilized Xas Xa Xsubstitute Xvariable. XSecond,
Xalbeit Xthe Xquantity Xof Xtelehealth Xprotection Xclaims Xwere Xhigher Xfor Xthose
Xmatured X>30 Xyears X[69], Xprohibition Xof Xthose Xin Xthe X20-29 Xyears Xage Xbunch
Xis Xlikewise Xa Xconstraint Xof Xour Xreview; Xthis Ximplied Xthat Xclients Xwho Xare
Xpossibly Xmore Xinnovatively Xcapable Xand Xhave Xa Xmore Xprominent Xpropensity
Xtoward Xtelehealth Xwere Xdiscarded. XThird, Xthis Xreview Xdepended Xon Xcross-
sectional Xinformation Xgathered Xfrom Xindividual Xstudies. XLongitudinal Xfield
Xcontemplates Xwith Xregards Xto Xgenuine Xtelehealth Xought Xto Xbe Xacted Xlater Xon.
XFourth, Xwe Xutilized XCOVID-19 Xtension Xestimations Xfrom Xa Xpast Xreport Xthat
Xwere Xnot Xthoroughly Xapproved; Xwhat's Xmore, Xthe Xactions Xjust Xexamined
Xindividuals' Xcomprehension Xand Xfeelings Xidentified Xwith XCOVID-19. XIt Xisn't Xnot
Xdifficult Xto Xreference Xall Xaround Xapproved Xestimations Xfor Xuneasiness Xwith
Xregards Xto Xanother Xpandemic, Xhowever Xit Xis Xhuge Xthat Xthis Xreview Xgives Xan
Xearly Xassessment Xof Xthe Xeffect Xof XCOVID-19 Xon Xtelehealth Xacknowledgment.
XFifth, Xthis Xreview Xdidn't Xconsider Xdifferent Xcomponents Xthat Xmight Ximpact
Xtelehealth Xacknowledgment. XIndividual, Xhierarchical, Xsocial, Xand Xlegitimate Xfactors
Xlike Xapproach, Xaccepted Xpractices, Xand Xconfidence Xin Xtelehealth Xought Xto Xbe
Xconsidered Xfor Xthe Xeffective Xexecution Xof Xthe Xtelehealth Xframework. X

This Xresearch Xand Xits Xvalidated Xtool Xcould Xbe Xof Xgreat Xinterest Xto Xmany
Xcompanies Xaround Xthe Xworld Xspecializing Xin Xinformation Xsystems Xand XTelehealth
Xsolutions Xwhere Xthey Xcould Xinvest Xtheir Xmoney, Xknowledge Xand Xexpertise Xinto
Xan Xunknown Xregion Xof XNorth XAfrican Xcountries Xsuch Xas XLibya. XTherefore, Xthe
Xstudy Xcan Xcontribute Xdirectly Xto Xany Xfuture Xplanning Xtowards XTelehealth
Xbusiness Xprojects Xin XLibya. XFurthermore, Xthis Xstudy Xcan Xaid XLibyan Xhealthcare
Xpolicy Xmakers Xto Xunderstand Xwhich Xorganizational Xfactors Xmake Xgreat
Xcontribution Xtowards Xhealthcare Xoutcomes Xif XTelehealth Xsolutions Xwere
Ximplemented.

5.4 Managerial Implications

This Xexploration Xfurnishes Xmedical Xservices Xstrategy Xproducers Xwith Xsignificant

Xexperiences Xon Xthe Xmost Xproficient Xmethod Xto Xwork Xwith Xthe Xreception Xof
XTelehealth Xarrangements Xjust Xas Xassisting Xthem Xwith Xunderstanding Xwhich
Xmedical Xservices Xauthoritative Xvariables Xmake Xthe Xbest Xcommitment Xtowards
Xeffective XTelehealth Xexecution. XWhat Xhas Xbeen Xrealized Xin Xthis Xreview, Xwhich
Xcould Xhelp Xthe Xmedical Xservices Xdynamic Xinteraction Xto Xembrace XTelehealth
Xinnovations, Xis Xas Xper Xthe Xfollowing: X

Telehealth XOutcome XExpectations Xscored Xhigher Xacross Xvarious Xoccupation Xjobs

Xthan Xother Xmodel Xyields, Xthough XTelehealth XReadiness Xscored Xthe Xleast. XFor
Xexample Xbuilding Xup Xa Xstrong XIT Xfoundation, Xwhich Xought Xto Xbe Xdone Xprior
Xto Xembracing XTelehealth Xadvances? XIt Xwas Xdiscovered Xthat XIT XInfrastructure
Xdecidedly Xaffects XHP XOperational XCapabilities Xand XTelehealth XReadiness. XBesides,
Xmedical Xcare Xsuppliers Xare Xinsufficient Xin Xfundamental Xweb Xassociations Xand Xthe
Xutilization Xof XIT Xframeworks. XThis Xinadequacy Xwould Xadditionally Xthwart Xthe
Xconveying Xof XTelehealth Xinnovations Xin Xthe XLibyan Xmedical Xcare Xframework. X

The X(35-44) Xyears Xof Xage Xrange Xbunch Xwas Xmore Xhopeful Xtoward XTelehealth
XReadiness Xcontrasted Xwith Xthe X(22-34) Xyears Xof Xage Xrange Xbunch. XMoreover,
Xthe X(5-10 Xyears, Xand X10-20 Xyears) Xlong Xperiods Xof Xinvolvement Xbunches Xwere
Xdecidedly Xcritical Xas Xfar Xas XTelehealth XOutcome XExpectation Xand XTelehealth
XReadiness Xcontrasted Xwith Xthe Xless Xexperienced Xgathering X(1-4 Xyears). XThese
Xreferenced Xgatherings Xaddress Xmost Xof Xany Xassociation's Xlabor Xforce Xand Xany
Xcontrasts Xbetween Xthese Xgatherings Xwill Xinfluence Xthe Xassociation's Xabilities Xlike
Xfunctional Xones. XAdvisors, XClinical XTechnicians Xand XClinicians X(biggest
Xgatherings) Xinside Xthe Xgatherings Xof X(5-10) Xand X(11-20) Xlong Xperiods Xof
Xinvolvement, Xparticularly Xthose Xworking Xin Xhuge Xand Xmedium-sized Xmedical
Xservices Xassociations Xlike Xemergency Xclinics, Xdemonstrated Xthat Xthey Xare
Xprepared Xto Xtake Xon Xe-Health Xframeworks Xand XTelehealth Xadvancements. X

The Xgatherings Xworking Xin Xthe Xprivate Xarea Xand Xgatherings Xwho Xare Xworking
Xin Xboth X(private Xand Xpublic Xareas) Xwere Xhuge Xas Xfar Xas XTelehealth XOutcome
XExpectation Xwith Xshowing Xthat Xgatherings Xworking Xin Xthe Xprivate Xarea Xare Xless
Xhopeful Xthan Xthe Xones Xworking Xin Xboth X(public Xand Xprivate Xareas). XIn XLibya,
Xthe Xmajority Xof Xthe Xprivate Xarea Xis Xlittle Xmeasured Xmedical Xcare Xsuppliers Xand
Xthat Ximplies Xless Xresponsibility Xcontrasted Xwith Xthe Xpublic Xarea Xwhere Xthe
Xgreater Xpart Xof Xhuge Xestimated Xmedical Xcare Xsuppliers Xare Xworking Xto Xconvey
Xmedical Xservices Xadministrations. XThis Xmight Xclarify Xthe Xuplifting Xoutlook
Xtowards XTelehealth Xarrangements, Xwhich Xmay Xhelp Xand Xsupport Xtheir Xeveryday
Xundertakings Xand Xroutine Xand Xperhaps Xlessen Xthe Xresponsibility Xwith Xmore
Xproficient Xclinical Xresults.

5.5 Chapter Summary

This Xresearch Xmade Xa Xsubstantial Xcontribution, Xdespite Xthe Xlimitations, Xin Xthe
Xfields Xof Xcomputer Xscience, Xinnovation Xmanagement Xand Xhealthcare Xservice
Xprovision. XThe Xresearch Xproposed Xa Xconceptual Xframework Xto Xunderstand
XTelehealth XReadiness Xin XLibya Xand Xdeveloping Xcountries Xin Xgeneral. XTelehealth
Xtechnology Xis Xan Xinnovative Xhealthcare Xdelivery Xoption Xand Xit Xis Xbelieved Xthat
Xthe Xfindings Xin Xthis Xstudy Xwill Xbe Xof Xassistance Xto Xpolicy Xmakers Xin
Xproviding Xinsights Xand Xguidance Xin Xorder Xto Ximplement XTelehealth Xsolutions
Xinto Xthe XLibyan Xhealthcare Xsystem. XThe Xstudy Xhas Xfulfilled Xits Xaims, Xobjectives
Xand Xanswered Xall Xresearch Xquestions Xset Xat Xthe Xbeginning Xof Xthis Xresearch.
XRegardless Xof Xhow Xbetter Xthe Xtelehealth Xarrangement Xmight Xbe, Xexcept Xif Xthe
Xsetting Xwill Xaccept Xit, Xit Xwon't Xwork Xwell Xor Xmaybe Xby Xany Xstretch Xof Xthe
Ximagination Xin Xcase Xobstruction Xis Xhigh. XThe Xspaces Xof X"preparation" Xor
X"readiness" Xare Ximperative Xto Xaddress Xpreceding Xany Xintercession, Xwith Xno
Xguarantees X"change Xthe Xboard", Xwhich Xshould Xbe Xconsidered Xat Xall Xphases Xof
Xthe Xexistence Xpattern Xof Xa Xtelehealth Xmediation. XExplicit Xactivities Xare Ximportant
Xto Xrelieve Xthese Xdifficulties, Xyet Xraising Xinformation Xand Xattention Xto Xtelehealth
Xdecreases Xtheir Xeffect.
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