Two Textual Problems in Euripides' Antiope, Fr.

188
Author(s): E. K. Borthwick
Source: The Classical Quarterly, New Series, Vol. 17, No. 1 (May, 1967), pp. 41-47
Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Classical Association
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 TWO TEXTUAL PROBLEMS IN EURIPIDES'
ANTIOPE, FR. I88
IN a recent article' I drew attention to the fact that the well-known fable of
the improvident cicada and the industriousant has a close resemblance to the
story of the twin brothersAmphion and Zethus and their classic debate on the
respective merits of the artistic and practical life in Euripides' Antiope,which
is reflected not only in the argument of Callicles and Socrates in the Gorgias
and Horace, Ep. I. 18, but also in Varro's satire "Ovo~Av'pasand a fragment of
Eubulus (Io) which parodies Euripides'play, and manifestlylikens artistssuch
as Amphion to cicadas. I should like now to show that this parallel can help to
elucidate the text and interpretation of one of the most notable extant frag-
ments of the brothers' debate in Euripides' play (fr. 188).
One of the versions of the ant-cicada fable is contained in a letter of Theo-
phylactus (6I Hercher) where the writer is upbraiding, not for the first time,
an idle friend: by way of a moral he quotes the fable, how as a result of tho
cicada's insouciance and the ant's industry, 0 vp& (sc. 7r&-te) EtX AtpohvTv7v
q8)v,0 8S (sc. np'Pf) 70-os d'vovS7poobv.He concludes: dppoLd7rEL aot o [o0 ,
apyg yap Jov Et70l
OALwL'EposTo vpEdorVros,EoGtY ovdarT7v&8TAdaUta.
AvaIatpaT'E /
3 apylas, 'AcLPrT-E. 7. d vo Co K lUX vvs, 77ALKV77
pa
q-a
a7TayECvE
a KcV E7o77S
EvppwTtlcav 70ovUw(CLT0so rto v
E7TLrtrplqv ITOVWVCLUKELV
/177
CaKoo1't770Vrr7TraPCEWV,
flovAdLEvos.
Theophylactus is given to literary allusion or quotation, and the first part
of this is to be found in Men. Epitr. fr. 6 Koerte apys 8' ytcalvrwv70r rvpEr-
rovoros7TroAI CUTr'6aoL0AEpos,Cydriv yoEv The followingwords
dvEo I SrtAdacLta.
about 'debasing your natural gifts' have some resemblance to Callicles' attack
on the corruption of the EV'v7'Sin Gorg.484 c, 485 d, 486 b, which in turn is
based on Zethus' criticisms of Amphion's deterioration in the Antiope(cf. fr.
185 hvXfjsyEvalav ;dayw, fr. 187 y'p o'XErac,fr. 186 Edv?
tdaLs 4(b' ...
E'7KE XElpova), but the remainder of this sentence arrTayE&87a 7v apyla . ..
E7arIToU7Lv dvWova aLUKEZVfPOUvdApEvos may allude to the opening words of
fr. 188 t7q
aAA'Jo'
. -- rrTLovf"
naiUrat - LWV[sic]a 'EVO'Ulav
TroE•
KTA.
alUKEL,

Olympiodorus, in his commentary on the Gorgias(p. 131 Norvin) is our

authority for the word in Euripides which Plato (486 c) for his purposes re-
places by rrpayparwov: EKELOS[sc. Zethus] E -rc At lov•, on TroAXlwov8S
7rrE•v
EdV(ovalav•UKEL" 0oTOS[sc. Callicles] 8' au trrpaypdcr7wv.
But 'rroAlowv
is contra
metrum,and the simplest emendation rroAqEplwvZ (or 7o0AELKKV,more normal in
this sense) does not suit the character and pursuits of Zethus, 'a herdsman,
not a soldier'--he recommends not war, but hard work,
&pcovy V,
UKCaJTT0o,
I 'A Grasshopper's Diet', C.Q. N.s. xvi 3 Dodds, Gorgias,p. 278. Cf. Schaal, De
(1966), 11. Euripidis Antiopa [Diss. Berlin 1914], P. 19:
2 Valckenaer's emendation. Wecklein sed quo iure Zethusfratrem hortatur,ut bellis
(Philologus lxxix [1923], 59) proposed gerendis et bellicarumrerumstudio se det? Nec
ITOAEtjov. venatio7TordhAzo dicipotest. (I cannot, however,

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42 E. K. BORTHWICK

orroLViots7Larr•ca7•v,and the contrast is with his brother's apyla. Horace, who

had this passage in mind, makes the same point (Ep. I. I8. 47-48):
surge et inhumanaesenium deponeCamenae,
cenesut pariterpulmenta laboribusempta ....

Theophylactus' Emau'7rLrlYv
qidvwov U
aKELW suggests
the solution that rroAELwv
is a corruption of 7rvwv, although 7ovwv 8' will not scan either, and F. W.
Schmidt' proposed r-6v 7rdvwv8'. I do not greatly care for the definite article
here, however, and prefer Kct'U Since Plato's version produces
idvV Ev'pOUJvlaV.2
a perfect trimeter (apart from the scriptioplena)with his two substitute words
S ~AE'yXwv, 8' it have been he who intro-
(rraoaa vrpaytci'wv Evdiovalav), may
duced S' with his trisyllabic 7Tpaypd7wv, and Olympiodorus, referring to
Euripides' text via Plato, may have mechanically substituted i7rdvwva', which
was in due course corrupted to TroALwv8', the change, apart from the visual
error, perhapsresultingfrom a partial awarenessof metre. That his 'quotations'
from Euripides are influenced by the Platonic text which he was commenting
on is shown shortly before this, when he says (on 485 e) 6pas s 70ooEtdpudrlov
3r,
To
S,
yvvULKfELI ELp-7K aV7TO L TEy. In fact, we know that Euri-
ScELPcKLaEEL?'`
pides' word (in fr. 185) was not yvvaLKW&EL, which would not scan, but yvvatcKo-
ptIL'. And later (on 486 c) his version of the last line of fr. 188 E' W'vCv VKEVOL3
Kat taatOLS KaTOLK7)ELS OLKOLSis a paraphrase, not a quotation.
The probability of is increasedby a remarkablyclose similarityto both
the Antiopetheme and •ro'vwv
Theophylactus' words in another fragment contrasting
the life of music and toil,3 apparently attributed to Euripides by Stobaeus,
but put among the Adespota(fr. 546) by Nauck:
yap,EL
ECO/ voLv
eX' E/-o Cp
7ar?'.'
VTapEIS,7TOVEWV
av, LOvUCVUK7l
7TLara/r7Tv . ..

-and the contrastof idlenessand toil appearsto havebeena themein another

late Euripidesplay, Archelaus
(fr. 237):4
OVSEL9S yap V pLOV/1.OS EvKAEr/S aJv~p,
OAA'o o"01o 77n v EaOav.
TLKTOVU(L

It remains to consider another reference to the Amphion-Zethus debate in

Olympiodorus, which has been strangely neglected by Nauck, Schaal, Dodds,
and in other discussionsof the evidence for Euripides'Antiopeknown to me. In
agree with Schaal that Plato's
was also in the text of Euripides.)rrpaytf'oiwv
For
Zethus' agricultural pursuits, see especially
the play summary (?) of Apollodorus (3. 5.
5) Z. EITEAE~Toflovoopflt'wv, and the as-
sumptions inherent in the Horatian parallel
(Ep. I. i8. 40, 45-46) and in Varro's Onos
lyras fr. 14, in so far as this draws on Am-
phion-Zethus material. Propertius (3. I5.
refers to his prata.
4t)
SKritischeStudien,ii. 448. Nauck himself
suggested yarrdvwv8', to which Dodds gives
qualified approval, but Plato's rpaytpzirwv
suggests that the original was an abstract
rather than a personal noun.
2
In such admonitions with ~auat the
second imperative is usually introduced by
the adversative S' or dAAd,except in cases
like Ar. Vesp.652, Eq. 821, Ran. 843, where
the second verb is negatived. But cf. Theo-
pompus fr. 62 wrauaatKUVgEVWV . .. KL . . .
&taXpw.
3 Note also the contrast (in a not dis-
similar theme) of Spartan ETrrLrdv7T v aKquEL
and Athenians d~vrEqzEVwa&raLwTL voL in
Pericles' funeral speech (Thuc. 2. 39). In the
metaphorical use of dVEL/LEvOthe musical
metaphor and its moral implications are
seldom entirely absent; in Thuc. 5. 9, if
evv-raO',vat be read, it is explicit.
4 Cf. frr. 233, 236, 238, 239, 240.

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 TWO TEXTUAL PROBLEMS IN EUR. ANTIOPE, FR. 188 43
his commentaryon Gorg.503 d (p. 161 Norvin), he revertsto a similar,but fuller,
paraphrase of 485 e (p. o3I) where he made Zethus say to Amphion tFrovriqv
A'pav Kal K'XP1ao &r7AotT (which Dodds refers to fr. 185, where the words K07
A
lAvdardSo K'7EL . . . dA-lEtaS are also extracted from Olympiodorus). The
'
new version of this tAEyEvr a8E aWvov ro
is": ZlOoi, arpaErtrr
OVtLKLGapcp8Cq, tLCrltV KLOapt'EtS
0iv 7-~'
(g 73v C47)AC0v,
ApCwlowv O't
A-rpa-nw-
aAA 'EEAoE,
T7LKV[ov 7a7OV Kal rTdp77aov ov" 7o09Kal aU, ) Z4wKpa7
[sic]KalTvpavv7aOv E, T7
iAAov
0L0AooorEps yap rAoVrruoV
o;we to makeof
Kal p ov....
Whatare insistenceon militarymattersin the
Olympiodorus'
Antiope? That he had a text of the play, or commentaryon the Gorgias in-
corporatingEuripideanquotations,in which'rrdvov(if I am rightabout this)
was alreadycorruptedto rroAtwcov, and that he misguidedlyexpandedon this
theme? Neverthelessthere is a militaryreferencein fr. 185 quoted above
(wherethe poeticexpressionconfirmsthatthisis originalEuripides,not a para-
phraseof Olympiodorus)and the closingsceneof the play recoveredon papy-
rushasapparentlya referenceto the rroAE'tov of Zethus(62vonArnim)
rrvEoVLa
-his inclinations,if not his actualprofession,werewarlike.I suggesta hypo-
thetical solutionwhich is made persuasiveby other independentevidence
from the fragments.AlthoughZethusin fr. i88 upbraidedAmphionfor the
idlenessof his artisticlifein contrastto his own agricultural
labour,elsewherein
his speechhe musthaveexpatiatedon otheraspectsof the manly,vigorouslife
and its benefits,physicaland material,to whichOlympiodorusis alludingin
his version arpa7rto-rtKoVflov juov, KTA.It is scarcely credible that there
could havegEE6•E,
been any motive for him to have said to Amphion 'be a tyrant',
but he may have cited the tyrant, along with the soldier, as examples of what
hard work and practical activity can achieve in contrast to the artistic and
contemplative life beloved of his brother.
For the other of Zethus' exhortations, as reported by Olympiodorus, the
corrupt rrdp'ruov,Norvin suggested rrdpapov,but if he took this to mean 'fend
for yourself, earn a living', the middle verb would be natural. In view of rrdvov
one might think of rravquovhere too, but I have given reasons for not
EP•(ovlav,
associating fr. I88 with this part of Olympiodorus' paraphrase,and I propose
Ewrrp77Uov'make money, do well for yourself'-in contrast to the musical life
which was (fr. 184) and emptied his house (188. 6). Not
ov drrT7)-EiXj
XPr7d&
only does this square with the paraphrase of Callicles' equivalent advice to
Katlaprraov, but I believe that fr. 194, quoted by Stobaeus,
Socrates, rAodvrryuov
has actually preservedAmphion's answer to the points made by Zethus which
Olympiodorus has paraphrasedhere:
8' "o4vXosfnAoLcn
'-' 'a~aA'.g 1Aos
TO'AEL7-'LUTO-S. T-
/L7) I-LV8VVEvl1a-a
alvwEt- ~A6~
ElYC yap ov-rE vav-rtlov
OVrE rporacr-v XovoS.
roAptz6vraoAlav
I should equate in turn KLvSvVEJLa-rawith 3t'vlGov,
crparLW7•tKO1V vavr•Aov
roAfWavrawith EVTrrdprl-ov, xovods with rvpavv'r)uov.(a) KW&V8VOs,
rrpooardrr)v etc.,
Schaal (op. cit., p. 14) may be right in unfamiliarity with the background of the
thinking that Olympiodorus knew the story, which might have been enhanced if he
Antiopeonly through Plato scholia. And cer- thought Ev/LovaUava•yKELwas what
tainly his civ of Zethus suggests 7roAM•/uuv
Zethus recommended.
arpatrartjrs-

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44 E. K. BORTHWICK
is probably commoner in military contexts than in any other situation in-
volving danger (cf. L.S.J. s.vv.) ; (b) the sailor or merchant as the type of man
who risks everything to make money occurs passimin ancient literature from
Homer to Juvenal;' xOovds and tyrant are not by definition
(c) rrpoo7rdr-c~
identical, but for the easy transition see Plato, Rep. 565 d.
Julian in a letter to the high priest Theodorus (Ep. 30), which has a number
of allusions to the Amphion-Zethus debate, may have this particular motif in
mind when, writing himself from the position, so to speak, of rvpavvos to one
of philosophic inclinations with leisure time to cultivate these interests, he asks
for his help and advice, giving two illustrations,from war and sea-faring: both
need the help and support of the leisured and
r7pac7EvdopEvoand vavrI-AAo'XLEvot
uninvolved-hence the pact he proposes of the man of toils and affairs, ot dlrt
wpywv,
76av with the man of leisure, od xoAXO'v ayov-Es (-ravr' evvOlwuEOa: cf. Hor.
Ep. I. I8. 43-45 fraternis cessisseputatur I moribusAmphion: tu cedepotentis amici
lenibus imperiis). The agon of the Antiope had, of course, concluded with the
mutual reconciliation of the brothers.
The second problem about the text of fr. 188 is, what verb in Euripidescame
after 7ra-uat, it being generally accepted that Plato has substituted AE'YXWov as
typical of the activity which, according to Callicles-Zethus, Socrates-
Amphion should give up? Nauck's was based irrelevantly on Ar. Av.
•LEAwX8v
to
1382, and Dodds and Snell, referring Wilamowitz,z have revived pLardawv,
which, in the form pa-ratacwov, replaces JAE'yxwvin P and is in a marginal note
in TW (E'v 2Ap TrratL pta-ratowv: W actually has Etralowv). It
7pd'rKEtaT7rL
may be noted also that Ficinuss was translating from a text which contained
something other than EAE'yXwv: his version of Gorg.486 c is quamobrem, bonevir,
me audi, ac iam in vanis versariargutiis desine: decorarerumgerendarumexerceofficia,
and argutiae,
etc. Althougharguois a possibleglosson AEdyXow, glossed 8o0AEoX'a
vaplat, is commonly used of philosophers' quibbling,4 vanis
-orwtovAlat-4•
must represent Cd-ratoSin some form: perhaps Ficinus was producing a sort
of portmanteau translation of the textual alternatives E'XAyXwv,
tpar[at]dc4wv
known to him.
Dodds also infers that Olympiodorus' E'v KEVOL-SK a7 aloLs KaiToK'7jELS
reflects
his with aIa v shortly
(see p.
otLKo0L 42 above) familiarity reading ptaraioW
before,but thisseemsmoredoubtful:Ka'L mightwell be his own gloss
(LaraoLS
on KEVOLS
itself,s though I should have thought a wrong one, as Amphion's
KEVO 8dtOL reallymeansthat 'his cupboard
would be bare', like that of the
neglectfulcicada of the fable. Moreover,another explanationis possible:
Olympiodorus was a contemporary and pupil of Damascius, who is quoted in
apropos of the rival claims of the scholarly and
the Suda (s.v. Ot;3rATavds)
practical life. The excerpt ends: od iv ywovit LAOdyLO Kat
Kat KaO7/LE•V~ ofLoa00oOvrVTES
E7t%TS paELS
7roAAa%LacAa
/vctS
&8KatoavrlcV
rr7Epl EK3cIaVELV
UowXpoavrlVs* T-r
avayKacdLEvoL s- aras &v Epya, t7-raLdv-rt
•rXn1X-ovoort" A•yoa, 7Tr•'
-r batvewra
Especially in Horace-see Wickham on drawing my attention to this.
C. 3. 24- 40. Amphion's rejection of wealth 4 e.g. Sen. Ep. 48. 9 debilitari generosam
is referred to also in fr. 9 I. indolem in istas argutias (sc. dialecticorum)
2
Dodds, op. cit., p. 279; Snell, Scenes coniectam. (This closely resembles the cor-
from Greek Drama, p. 86-referring to ruption of the EU~v•' man in the Gorgias and
Wilamowitz, Platon, ii. 375. But the pro- the Antiopedebate.)
posal was made long before by Routh in his s It seems to be the standard one-cf.
edition of the Gorgias(1784), p. 436. Hsch. KEvdv*
etc.
3 I am grateful to Dr. W. S. M. Nicoll for L•a'raov,

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 TWO TEXTUAL PROBLEMS IN EUR. ANTIOPE, FR. 188 45

Kat KEVdV. The 'whispering in a corner' is of course from Gorg.485 d, which

became a famous slur on the philosophic life; and the occurrence of padracov
Ka KEVdV, as in Olympiodorus, immediately after this might seem further
evidence for the existence of ra'4owv in the texts of Gorgiasor its Euripidean
source, but in fact the last part of Damascius' sentence is a verbatim quotation
from Dem. 2. 12, where the orator criticizes Athenian envoys for making fine
speeches devoid of action. It looks as if these two famous passages became
associated with each other, but in any case 7-0raoovKat KEVOVis probably
a commonplace.
Theophylactus' drrayE 7q dpylas and Horace's surge et inhumanaesenium
deponeCamenae(Ep. I. 18. 47), if they be admitted as secondary evidence, sug-
gest that Zethus told Amphion at this point to give up his idle ways and do
some hard work for a change. I do not think that Horace's use of seniumhere
means 'moroseness, peevishness' as usually assumed, but 'languor,desidia,
cessatio'which Forcellini gives as possible glosses on the literal meaning of the
word. Quite apart from the fact that the former meaning contrastspoorly with
severus,used of Zethus' a moment before (42), and that the latter fits well with
surgeand laboribus,this is the regular charge brought against Amphion and his
art. Pacuvius has a line almost certainly from his Antiope(287 R.) egohomines
odiignavaoperaetphilosopha sententia.The opponent of music in Varro's Onoslyras
(I 2) iurgarecoepitdicens:Quaescis, atquein vulgumvulgasartemque expromisinertem?
Several of the quotations from, and testimoniato, Euripides' play refer to his
idleness and neglect: his ttooruav apy v, XPrnquarcov (184), his /LEAL'a and
-r•t7fTEA of
dpyla (185, 197); he is aS
yAvKE 3o80VS UWV (187--hardly descriptive
a 'peevish' person), drrpdypov(I93), ivXos (I94), rapdowv 5vA7TdLS
x•qJv
vo (202); Dio Chr. (73. io) saysthat he btAoro•Ev, 'OVU7LKU7V Ca7pS'flEV
7TEpt
d4arav-ra7-v 6v 11cWvE7Tqm•LEELav.Aul. Gell. (Io. 22. 1-2) quoting from this part
of the writes of desidesistos
Gorgias, . . . inutileotium. . . inerti
ignavosque inanique
desidia. Cic. (De Or. I. 13. 56) probably had the same passage in mind when he
described philosophic discussions in angulis,consumendi
otii causa.It is easy to
see why Plato made the comparison of Amphion of the Antiopeand Socrates
occur to Callicles-one thinks of the charges in Aristophanes, the
8•aTrptLgy
apydv (Ran. 1498) pursued by iv~patw Jpyo^g (Nub. 316, where schol. -ro^
4tAooo'botKKa tou-as, , ot I-sEv d&Aho A
' 7TEpt dYwv Xoa-
tLE-aXEtpL~ov-aL
?OVaLv).2
Nor do I think that inhumanaein Horace simply means 'discourteous'
(Wilkins)-referring to Lollius' relations with his patron. Again there is an
allusion to something in the Antiope,at least seen through the eyes of Plato in
the Gorgias.Fr. 186 is elicited from 486 b as follows:
TOVT
caoOOV
voiT yadp ECl
TLS
EV•W7
^ ET•L•rw,
Aaf8ov'oa
TEXVI7
0 CT7)KE XEIpova;
but the corruption of the El4V7s- man by his ignoble pursuit is anticipated
before, both at 484 c and 485 d: 'TdpXEtror1- ;7 &vc av p rrc, Kv rrTvvEv%~7s
avavpc
r1, yEVcat
(pa EVyOvTL r% FEOa T InhumanuEKs ofcoursewider in meaning
)7T.
7TOLq777S TOV;S a~vspcsa~pL7TrpEIT~L~s
ylyvEUG at. is of coursewiderin meaning
Inhumanus
IIt is Zethus who is traditionally durus, I. 127. In Plat. Ap. 23 c he admits that those
Amphion mollis (Prop. 3- 15. 29). who like to listen to his elenchus are OL'-
"
2 On Socrates'
&pyta, cf. also Lib. Decl. pd'ATrarcrXoA '4rtvw. Cf. Xen. Smp. 4. 44-

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46 E. K. BORTHWICK
than the more insulting charge of effeminacy brought here against Socrates
and against Amphion in Euripides (cf. frr. 185, 199; and Varro, op. cit. 22),
but Callicles, while using avav~pos of Amphion-Socrates, extends the un-
manliness to include the avoidance of political life and the agora 'which gives
glory to men'. By his ironical inhumanae CamenaeHorace in turn is suggesting
that what are so often termed the liberal or humane arts are in fact unworthy
to be called so, because they neglect what, looked at in another light, represents
man's highest calling. Varro's musician (frr. 2-3) argues in the opposite direc-
tion when he talks of the praesepibus forensibuswhere the Onoscan exercise his
amusia! I have referred above to Theophylactus' words -r 7rA bov'EwS &opa
KaraXvvas, and Julian's Ep. 30 has another allusion to the Antiopelwhen he
writes to his cultivated friend yp aOLKac Va EV,
EXECS
Kat Aoaoolas 'pE-, - TEp•`•~Et
ts* oS ITWV
7
•oX04, Kt dEoWSvvEA6Odvra
rp'a SE Ja ra-a
•-'TEP 7T-ro-•E, a
cL7T?7vro
r'v A '#ova -rsrraAaLtais[LOVLKo7S`EVPE7r7V,XpdVOS, OEC^V
7•pKErEV TEvaLvw las.2
7vEv(Lka, Epws
That Zethus,in pleadingwith Amphion'to practisethe fair musicof toil'
shouldat the same time have said 'stopidling,or wastingtime',seemsto be
supportedby an unusuallywordedglossin the Sudas.v.aXoA'4, whereamong
different definitions of the word is included a3-r) ~i AE'v yoi& ei'jovcla Kat
8a7-rptflj. The lexica do not suggest that E;vLovcYla
is a particularly common
word, and a quotation from poetry seems probable: did Amphion somewhere
say to Zethus (e.g.) ltlo0 ydp v Aoyot Ev/kovo'la I a)oA- TE . .. to which
Zethus counters with his EJ-v o "LKELt? Certainly the UXoA- of
dvowv El3tovalav
Amphion was a bone of contention in the dispute with his brother, and if
7Tavot j ard~wvvwas what Zethus said, I should take this to mean not so much
'stop your foolishness' (Snell) as 'give up your indolent ways'. L.S.J. translate
speakor workfolly and the only other classical examples are Soph. O.T.
and
,u/ara7w
891 Aesch. Ag. 995 (where I notice H. J. Rose gives the meaning 'act not
idly'). But the verb can be virtually synonymous with be idle, dally
?uar•w,
(L.S.J.), which is the meaning of the word in Homer and Aeschylus.3Ebeling
gives cesso, cunctor,moror;Hsch., who has as equivalents gives
Farav"- araLLEatw,
para- 8tarptflE, XpovI?EL, and various entries in Schol. Hom. and Eust. give such
glosses as apyo Kal
i a7TpaKToS"LELVE (on 11. 23. 510), qL"%7AUEv(on II. 16. 674),
aravy ~ E7Tt'IT•T AEEL LaaLo7opayEKat tra-aauac (Eust. on
v•v ra~ a'pyov"
II. 5. 233). Zonaras gives the appropriate shade of meaning, s.v. Lacratdaev-
CuaLtov &Eav
VYE`Ta, ou
6voia -V
PkiYpa, ,7 .4
The comparisonwhichI drewbetweenthe attitudesto life of Amphionand
Zethus,and of the cicadaand the ant of fable,is againilluminating,as versions
I As both this letter and Horace's
epistle 3 For similar variation of meaning, cf.
to Lollius draw on the Antiope,another simi- Eng. dally, now mostly used of idle or
larity may be noticed: Jul. ypda`ES ydp frivolous delay or trifling, but from Old
70 Tt
KEAEVWVU7TLaLVaELV av pLOt irapa jLtEAoS French dallier = 'converse', and in earliest
lrpdaTEtv OK)s: Hor. quam-
A ELVyw English usage meaning 'talk or converse
avT'n
vis nil extra numerumfecisse modumquecuras lightly or idly' (O.E.D.); and the Scots
(59-60). verb haver,which means 'talk foolishly', but
2
Rearranged as a trimeter with the help is often misused (by Englishmen) as if
of Philostr. V.A. 7. 34, the last words con- meaning 'hesitate'.
stitute Eur. fr. 192. Xpdvog, which Julian 4 Cf. Philo, De Somn. I. 255 T'Lo0v 7L,
virtually equates with aXoA7, appears to KaS L KEV
Ivx,, aLrataLd~Et Philiscus
'
mean 'time to devote exclusively to one's fr. I oUK ECUvL,~ALoaratc, r7TOVEtS;
autv alvlA
7Tovov-rcov p i) IwovarIv-ragAafleiV.
i
ra r-co
art'.

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 TWO TEXTUAL PROBLEMS IN EUR. ANTIOPE, FR. 188 47
of the fable continually introduce the aXoA-rrdovos motif' which I have
elaborated in fr. 188 of the Antiope. In the Aesop version (I14. 3 Hausrath;
cf. Babr. 140) the cicada indignantly asserts o01K E'&UXdAaov
&AA'380ovtLovULKW0,
and drrauaXoAUOaLoccurs in the versions of I14. Ib, Syntipas 43 (ii, p. 173 H.),
Fab. Branc. (ii, p. 184 H.). Avianus 34 has the labor/otium
contrast; and the
'moral' of the fable would have been equally appropriate in the mouth of
Zethus:
8LaUKEL 0
'q(LaS otv0S0 7L OV'EV KPEL7T70oV
TOt) 9 pOVTLLtEW 7(1V avayKalwv 7pOooV
Kat /t~7arrcuXoEL•a0L ES KaL Kwoaulav• (Aes. I14. I b).
7"EpILVW
V
-OVIos 7Tap 7- roKVIqPOV'pl
's TE Ka CaLESELSial E'vparaLo1TpaytaLs (!) &cayov-

raS KV7EVOEVVcYTEPOVtLVOVS (Syntipas ii, p. 173 H.).

It was remarkedabove how appropriateit was (for a man of Callicles'
outlookat least)for Socratesto be takento taskin the wordsof Zethus,and
the substitutionof AE'yXwv
for is itselfironicallypertinent,as Socrates'
philosophicmethodwas derided par4owv
for its idle natureby his contemporaries, as
we have seenin the referencesfromAristophanes. In his own famousdescrip-
tion of his elenchus
in Plato'sApology(22 e ff.) he whimsicallyreverseswhat
were normally considered aoX• and Trroravs-rq- 7S &doAhlas-
A
duXoAla-Kat•
7a
O3iE 7L Wr -rdOAwsr pa^al oL c oA y'yovEV i4eov Aodyov05ETE -ov OlKE V.
Such a personhad, however,been describedby Zethus(fr. 187) as &pyo,tv
OLKOLS' becauseof his neglectof worldlyaffairs;and when Olympio-
Kat rd7EL,
doruscommentson Callicles'adviceto Socratesin Gorg.486 a, he makeshim
say &KaLS,oXd6AaE, 2KpaT~s. But neither could an Amphion find E)tovula in
,iE
7dvoL nor a Socrates in rrpdypara; and indeed those very Movua6v rpo0frrat, the
cicadas, could be both indifferent to the former, and unaffected by the latter,
as was wistfully observed by the philosopher Demetrius in the following
panegyric delivered under a Platonic plane-tree at Cicero'svilla, which makes
a suitable conclusion to this paper:
T Kat T vai, c4o-V
Cos'E'6aav TEaV vpa jiTW
E~
LaKap•LooAas arTEXV(s oool, KatMovluar WTOV
&at yac7pdo E70roluV
7E KPELTTOVS
8•1Kas v5lraxOEtv,
dvopwcEdlov 08dvov E' ravwl Ta8Evopa, TV4~ 4Lv 7E Kati
aVoKLuav
E0'~v oAfltot Movu-v
E3aLttovlav a'SETE (Philostr. VA. 7. I ).

University of Edinburgh E. K. BORTHWICK

In view of this traditional association of in Theocritus' line (7. 139) 'rfTrLYSAaAa-

the life of the cicada there is a certain irony XOV 7TOVOV.
y•EVVTrS

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