Maths I

Lecture 3
 Fla ) # fcb ) in Rolle 's theorem

¥÷
" t " "

,.-
'

Lagrange Mean Value Theorem

Suppose y
-

- foe ) is continuous over

a closed interval Ca ,b ] and differentiable

over Ca , b ) . Then there exists at least one

b) such
point c E Ca , that

f- Cb ) flat ft Ccg
-

- =

b - a
Proof
The function whose
graph is the line

joining points ,
Ca
flat ) ,
Cb ,
fcb ) ) is

given by

gta ) =
ffa ) t tfa ) ( n -
a
)
b - a

¥
" " "

x
.

Define hln ) = fin ) -

gcse )

ffn ) fla ) ffb ) Ha )

Tata a)
=
-
- -

Note : hla ) = hlb ) -

- 0

[ )
hi en ) Else )
ftp.facal
= -
 Since fix ) is continuous on [ a ,b ] and

) and glee ) is
differentiable on Ca ,b a

polynomial function on la ,
b ); it is

dear that hla ) is continuous on lad ]

and differentiable on Ca , b)

Thus hla ) satisfies the properties f

Rolle 's theorem .

Cais ) such that

point
E
⇒ I a c

'
h C
c) = O

hi cc ) =
ft cc ) - ffb) = o

b -
a

⇒
'
fcc ) =
fcb ) -
fla )
Tea
As
Cauchy 's mean value theorem C MVT )
LMVT
Rolle 's
←

ti

t.EE
✓ ) ,fCb) )
. ( glb
✓
CMVT

functions f and
g
are
Suppose

continuous on [ a ,b ) and differentiable on

and also
) laib )
'
Ca ,b g ca ) to on
.

Then there exists CE Ca , b ) s . t .

ffb7-f#
'
f- cc )
=

⇒ 9lb ) -

glad
Proof :
-
Note that gla ) # 9lb )
- - -
(
by
Rolle 's theorem )
On contrary , Suppose Sla ) =
9lb ) .

I
Then satisfies conditions Rolle's
g q
theorem on
lag 's ] .

:÷÷÷÷
:c
: .

g' la ) fo ta Ela ,
b ) .

Construct

Fin ) = fin ) - fla ) -

fgcbyy.FI#,fgla7-glaIFlb7=Fla)=0
.

Thus F satisfies conditions of Rolle 's

[ asb
theorem on
) .
Therefore ,
there exists
a
point c t Ca , b ) s -
t .

'
f- cc ) so
 f' Cc) flb7-f
⇒ .
-

[ g' cc )
] = o

9lb ) -

gla )

⇒ ft cc )
ffb7-f
⇒
=

9lb ) -

gca )
An

Mathematical of MVTS
consequences
.

yi
each
point
'
If f Cn ) = o at

A )
a Ela , b) ,
then fla ) = K refa
,
b

where K is a constant .

Proof : la
-
Choose Mi Nz E ,
b )
,

S . t . N
,
< Nz

Then f satisfies conditions 8 LMVT

Cni and old

on
,
; then I a
point Cf

such that

fbcdn.fi =
ft cc ) = o

K
Nz -
,
 If fkn ) =
glen ) at each

Ca b) then
point
in
a an
open , ,

there exists a constant K such

that fix ) Ca ,b )
=
gloat K on
.

Indeterminatrformsinlimitsandliitopital.si

theorem Suppose fca ) =

gla ) = o and

f and are differentiable on an

g
interval
open I
containing the point
A- Further , g' ca ) to on I if a tea .

Then

lim
¥7 ,
= ;naft÷
hi ,
Nsa

that the limit on the

assuming
right hand side exists .