Maths I

Lecture 18
 Extreme values and saddle points .

Definitions .
Let floe , 's ) be defined on

a
region R containing the point
ca ,
b) .
Then

is local maximum value

i
) fla ,b ) a

of f if fla ,
b) 3 fix ,y ) for all

domain points Cx ,y ) in an
open disk

centered at ca ,b ) .

fla 's ) local minimum value

2) , is a

of f if fca , b) s for , y ) for all

disk
domain points ( a
,y ) in an
open

centered at Ca ,b ) .
 First derivative test
theorem : .

If fin , y ) has a local maximum or

minimum value at an interior point

Ca ,b ) of its domain and if the

first partial derivatives exist at said ,

then fu Ca , b) =
o = fyla ,
b )
-

case f I variable calculus .

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IT
NAME
tea

Scots
:p , ]

a c-

( C-
gets ) An f Cc -

Ector )

fire ) Efcc )
Proof . If f has a local extremism
local minimum ) at
C local maximum or

&b
,
) , then define the function

g ( n )= ffa ,
b ) .

Then gcse ) has a local extremism

at ne = a .
g' la ) = o ⇒ fnla ,b7=o .

Similarly We that
,
can
prove

fgca ,b7=o B

Definition : An interior point of the

domain of the function An ,y ) when

both fu and
Fy are Zero
,
or

where one or both of fad to do

not exist is called a

critical point
of f .
 A differentiable
Definition :
function
saddle at
fin ,y ) has a
point a

critical point ca ,
b ) if in every open

disk centered at Ca , 's ) there are

domain points C n
,y ) for which

fluid > ffa ,

b ) and domain points
for which fix ) Ifla b)
,y )
c n ,y , .

The corresponding point Ca ,b,fca,b ) )

on the Surface 2- = fin ,y ) is called

as a saddle print .
 fin ,y)= n2fy2 4 ytg
E±
-

critical
point :
6,2 )
-

-
In 'ty2 )
EI fin ,y ) = posey e

k¥5
toy e-
445 )
long e- )c→ ,
for = +

-4454
= ( 109 - zon2y ) e

fy =

fn=o ⇒ to ( y -
zn2y ) e- k¥10

)
'

⇒ y ( I -
zu = 0

Critics
:

com ,
G. II. f Eas -

tr ) ,
# I )
traits
C-