Name: Ronquillo, Ela A.

Course and Year: BEED 3-C Date: August

13,2021

MODULE 2 in EL 111 GREAT BOOKS

TITLE: Evaluation and Analysis of a short fiction/ Story

PRETEST
A. Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter which has the correct answer, then write it on the space
provided for before it’s number.

B 1.This examines the element of something by separating parts for a deeper

understanding.
A. Evaluation
B. Analysis
C. Evidence
D. Conclusion

A 2.This refers to a person’s opinion of something, based on a set of criteria,

supported by facts in which a reader maybe able to create.
A. Evaluation
B. Evidence
C. Conclusion
D. Analysis

D 3.This is applied when a reader would want to explain further the meaning o
something.
A. Conclusion
B. Evidence
C. Evaluation
D. Analysis
B 4.This is use when giving an opinion.
A. Evidence
B. Evaluation
C. Conclusion
D. Analysis

A 5.Choose from the listed below the points that involves evaluation
A. Opinion, criteria, evidence
B. Opinion and evidence
C. Evidence, conclusion, criteria
D. Criteria and opinion

B. Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false.

T 1. A critique is a genre of academic writing that briefly summarizes and critically

evaluates a work or concept.
T 2. The parts of a critique are introduction, body and conclusion.
T 3. A critique can be only on printed works not on paintings.
T 4. A critique can be done on creative works such as novels, exhibits, films,
images,
poetry but never on sound.
T 5. A critique can be done on researches and on news reports or feature article as
well.
 THINKING IT THROUGH…………
ASSESSMENT TASK
Activity 1. Read these 3 literary artworks titled “We Do Abortions Here: A Nurse’s
Tale” by Sallie Tisdale, “The Odyssey” by Homer and “Divine Comedy” by Dante
Alighieri.

Activity 2: Make a critique on three art works following the instructions on how to
write a research.

We Do Abortions Here: A Nurse’s Tale by Sallie Tisdale

In “We Do Abortions Here: A Nurse’s Tale,” Sallie Tisdale recounts her experiences
and perspective as a nurse in an abortion clinic. Through her experiences, Sallie
wishes to inform her audience that, despite the very valid moral and ethical
objections she may have to the practice of abortion, and the unsavory nature of her
job, she feels it is a necessary and valid one. With very few exceptions, she is
successful – Tisdale’s writing is highly emotional and harrowing, describing each
detail of the abortion process with a devastating realness that is emotional and
harrowing. Through a combination of credibility and emotional appeals, Tisdale
manages to cut to the core of the ethical and sentimental complexities of abortion.
Tisdale’s claim throughout the story that, though abortion is a horrible thing that
should never be done in a perfect world, the unjust and complicated nature of the
world does make it absolutely necessary as an executable right. The world of
abortions is shown to be cruel and unfeeling, as well as emotionally draining for
everyone involved (“’How can you stand it?’ Even the client asks”) (Tisdale).
Nonetheless, Tisdale’s own experiences have led her to believe that abortion is a
viable answer to the dodgy answer to the cultural acceptance of birth control as a
100% effective method of contraception. The failures of the rest of society (birth
control, rape, STDs) make abortion necessary as a corrective, and her job is shown
to be one of the hardest, and yet most fulfilling.
In essence, Tisdale argues for the continued justification of her existence as an
abortion clinic nurse. There are certain assumptions that are frequently made about
Tisdale’s profession, the issue of abortion at hand and pro-life advocates throughout
“We Do Abortions Here.” Right from the start, Tisdale is operating from a defensive
position, as she presumes from the start that people do not envy her for having that
job, or even actively resent her for the work she does. Her answer to that is to
elaborate on her perspective on abortion, which is that it is an issue she understands
in a micro-level, but which she will never be able to grasp as a larger abstraction: “In
abortion the absolute must always be tempered by the contextual, because both are
real, both valid, both hard” (Tisdale). The assumptions about pro-life advocates are
that they are hostile and actively dangerous; Tisdale describes an experience in
which she must sign for a package and is frightened, highlighting the constant fear of
being bombed. These assumptions are never explicitly stated, but are appropriately
framed in Tisdale’s own perspective. Anecdotal evidence is the primary resource for
evidence in “We Do Abortions Here,” as Tisdale largely relies on her personal
experience of being an abortion nurse to speak about the issue. She never claims to
speak for the whole issue of abortion, simply her experience; that being said, she
wishes her experience to be representative of a larger whole. The mundanity of the
day-to-day nature of the job is shown through her perspective, putting the monolithic
topic of abortion in a more accessible light: “There is a numbing sameness lurking in
this job: the same questions, the same answers, even the same trembling tone in the
voices. The worst is the sameness of human failure, of inadequacy in the face of
each day’s dull demands” (Tisdale).
Essentially, her claims are supported by her experiences with her clients, all of whom
are afraid, uneducated, or ignorant in various ways, but all needing to have their
wishes respected with few exceptions (and those are determined by the doctor).In
attempting to convince her audience of the necessity of abortion, Tisdale relies
chiefly on emotional appeals and her own experience as an abortion clinic nurse,
while supplementing it with appeals to reason. Highly detailed and emotionally
charged language is contrasted with a disturbing distance that she has to put on
when she is at work, which has an effect on her just as much as anyone. Her
descriptions of the abortion process themselves are detailed and harrowing,
describing the “low clatter and snap of forceps, the clock of the tanaculum, and a
pulling, sucking sound” involved in the procedure (Tisdale).This shows that the
people who perform abortions are not immune to the distasteful and tragic nature of
the procedure, and shocks the reader into feeling the same way. However, Tisdale
also leavens this with descriptions of the women who come in to get abortions,
showing how confused and frustrated they are themselves with the prospect of
pregnancy. People who deserve and don’t deserve abortions (in her eyes) are
described in equal measure, making the issue even more complex: “I see women
who berate themselves with violent emotions for their first and only abortion, and
others who return three times, five times, hauling two or three children, who cannot
remember to take a pill or where they put the diaphragm” (Tisdale).
While Tisdale’s arguments are largely convincing and entirely affecting, there are
some logical fallacies that do crop up throughout the essay. First, there is the implicit
assumption that her experiences are representative of everyone’s; by focusing on
her own personal experiences, the essay loses a slight bit of potency as a treatise on
the practice as a whole. Nonetheless, she leavens this by never pretending it is
anything other than her experience. She even calls herself out for the assumptions
she makes about others: “I call them girls with maternal benignity. I cannot imagine
them as mothers” (Tisdale). By writing so informally and so personally, she manages
to avoid a lack of objectivity.
Despite these fallacies, however, Tisdale manages to succeed more than she fails in
her arguments to keep abortion as a cruel (but necessary and legal) practice. Her
arguments essentially boil down to the unfortunate need to leave abortion open as a
choice: “I imagine a world where this won’t be necessary, and then return to the
world where it is” (Tisdale). Tisdale’s highly emotional writing is certainly shocking
and provocative, but it is also effective at expanding on the anxieties and concerns of
someone in a very harrowing profession that can be emotionally draining and even
puts her in harm’s way from anti-abortion activists. The dispassionate nature of
Tisdale’s writing, as well as the acknowledgement of her ambivalence, is the key to
making this essay such a compelling piece on a complex issue.

Odyssey by Homer

Homer, through this epic poem, tells the fantastical story of Odysseus crossing the border
between civilization and the unknown on his ten-year“nostos” (journey home) to Hellas
following ten years of fighting in the Trojan War. The Odyssey is interpreted as Odysseus’
acts of aristea on his quest to reach kleos apthiton. The Odyssey acts as a liminal force in
Greek poetry as the aristos of Odysseus occurs in the foreign wilderness and it is through
intellect, creativity and adaptability that he attains kleos apthiton.

Odysseus is always portrayed as a deceitful and dishonorable man in Greek legends, yet the
renowned old fashioned and epic poet, Homer, casts a much more favorably light on
Odysseus in his epic poem Odyssey . Therefore, as Homer begins his Odyssey, he faces the
extremely difficult challenge of repairing the negative connotations that the other poets
associated with Odysseus’s persona and portrays him as a good leader. Homer insists that
we cannot blame Odysseus for his men not making it home, excuses Odysseus for not going
down like a captain goes down with his ship and claims that he and his men were up against
so many impossible divine obstacles that there was no way he could have saved any of his
men and it is remarkable that Odysseus himself still survived. (Aka: Only the Hero
matters!)Odysseus is central to the poem, a heroic individual but the shift has moved from
the civilized Trojan War to the unknown wilderness where Odysseus is isolated from Greece
and is trying to get back home to civilization. Homer’s attempts to rehabilitate Odysseus’
persona in the Odyssey parallel how the Theogony rehabilitates the persona of Zeus. Zeus
transitions from a misanthropic and violent deity to civilized and philanthropic deity after
swallowing intellect and gaining wisdom (Athena). Similarly to Zeus’ transformation from a
wild deity to a civilized deity, in the Odyssey, Odysseus relies on his wisdom/wit in the
wilderness and back in the civilized worlds of the Iliad ,Greece/Troy, he relies on his brawn
and strength. Odysseus is a cunning and manipulative hero in foreign lands but when he
comes back to civilization, Odysseus turns to brawn. Odysseus operates in foreign lands
but the civilized hero is conflicted when applying Greek customs and hospitality, Xenia, to
the wilderness, where barbarians do not subscribe to any form of moral code. Homer
attempts to portray Odysseus’ exotic adventures and challenges as having the underlying
goal of protecting civilization since a true Greek hero forms wall around civilization to
keep the monsters of the unknown out of Hellas.

The first sentence of the Odyssey. Is a traditional invocation of the Muses by the poet:
“Muse speak through me about the man much turned man who experienced(suffered)

many evil things once he had destroyed the sacred high city of the Trojans”. Homer
commences his epic by portraying Odysseus as a victim of extremely unfortunate
circumstances. The very first adjective Homer applies to Odysseus in the Odyssey
Ispolytropos, which literally means “much-Wandering” but Homer intended it’s
Metaphorical meanings as well: “turning many ways” (wily or crafty) and “the man of twists
and turns”(labeling Odysseus as a troubled hero that leads to a clever hero).Homer’s
Odysseus contains many of the qualities of an Ancient Greek hero: Strength, wisdom,
courage, nobility, a thirst for glory, and confidence in his authority. His most distinguishing
trait, however, is his sharp intellect. MLS Chapter 20 even states that Agamemnon, the “lord
of men”, is less in council than Odysseus. Both in ancient Greece And still to this day an
individuals reputation is determined by how others view him/her: assessing his/her
character, values and behavior according to the prevalent societal standards. Zeus himself
upholds Odysseus’ character as described by Homer in a Narrative between Athena and
Zeus where Athena compliments Odysseus repeatedly and accuses Zeus of forgetting about
him, essentially forcing Zeus to acknowledge and express his love for Odysseus, Zeus asks:
“Now, how on earth could I forget Odysseus? Great Odysseus who excels all men in wisdom,
excels in offerings too he gives the Immortal gods who rule the vaulting skies? ” (Book 1
Lines 78-80). Additionally, Odysseus is praised in The Iliad For being one of the Greek’s finest
warriors, not because of this physical strength but because of his smart/conniving nature.
Although Odysseus has many heroic qualities, he still is far from perfect. A few character
flaws of Odysseus that Homer fails to fully vindicate include his egotistical nature,
selfishness, lack of trust, lustfulness, inability to control his anger, and Especially his
obsession with everyone else’s opinion of him (his reputation).

Homer’s Iliad depicts the supposed “brave” and “strong” Odysseus As a coward as he tries
to elude the Trojan War by pretending to be insane: he yoked an ox and an ass together and
refused to stop sowing salt into a field. Palamedes didn’t fall for Odysseus’ trick and placed
young Telemachus in the path of Odysseus’ plow. Odysseus stops his plow to save his son
and was forced to join the expedition against Troy. Although this story depicts Odysseus as a
liar and a coward, it also explicates that he truly cared for his family and loved his son
enough that he was willing to sacrifice his reputation by admitting to faking his own insanity
and laying his own life on the line by going off to fight in the Trojan War. Regardless, the fact
that he stopped his insane façade and Decided to spare his own son’s life does not even
Come close to portraying a respectable persona, but merely demonstrations that he is not a
complete monster. At one point even Athena confirms the cowardice nature of Odysseus.
Disguised as Metis, Athena tells Telemachus that Odysseus came to her house, hunting
deadly poison for the tips of his arrows (Book 1, Lines 303-5). Heroes do not fight with
arrows, especially arrows with poisonous tips! A Greek hero is supposed stare his enemy in
the eye and kill him with sword on the battlefield. This dishonorable portrayal of Odysseus
compares and equates him to Apollo, the far-shooter, who was considered a barbarian.
Athena, one of Odysseus’ greatest admirers, reveals Odysseus was a dirty fighter, not an
actual hero. Odysseus eventually succeeds in his journey back to Ithaca, but all of his men
are killed in the process. Odysseus epically failed as a leader in protecting his men and in the
end seems like he is only in it for himself. In order to be a good leader a king should be
selfless and diplomatic in his decision-making as opposed to the egotistical and heated
nature Odysseus portrays in the Odyssey. One vivid example displaying Odysseus’
Foolishness occurs in Book 9 when his men insist that they leave the Cyclops’ cave.
Odysseus rejects their pleas due to his greed and desire for the Cyclops’ treasure. This lust
for wealth, pure lack of concern for his men’s lives and ignorance of common sense
decisions ultimately results in the death of six of his men. While Odysseus’s clever thoughts
and quick actions eventually results in his escape with the remaining six men of his scouting
party, he should have understood the immense danger they were in and left the Island of
the Cyclops’ with all of his men immediately. Watching Polyphemus gruesomely devours six
of his men did not invoke any feelings of regret or grief in Odysseus. Immediately as
Odysseus began to sail off from the island with the remainder of his men, he places his
men’s lives at risk again as by childishly taunting the blinded Polyphemus by shouting out his
real name; making it possible for Polyphemus to identify his tormentor to Poseidon, his
father. Polyphemus then tears off a huge piece of earth from a mountain and launches it
absurdly close to their ship, nearly killing his entire crew and himself. The immature act of
celebrating his escape from Polyphemus also yields Poseidon’s wrath; Odysseus should not
have been happy or excited after leaving the island but grim and mournful for the easily
preventable loss of six men.

Homer’s Tenth book of the Odyssey displays Odysseus as not trusting his men enough to tell
them what Aeolus had sent with him as a gift. As a result, his men were curious and opened
the bag of winds, only to send them sailing off in the complete wrong direction. The result of
stubborn Odysseus’ lack of faith in others additionally hindered his journey home. Also a
great leader should do whatever it takes to keep his men safe and protected. He fails at
protecting his men or holding much value to their lives, in another scenario, when Odysseus
saw his men go to Scylla, he did not try to stop them even though he knew what would
become of them. Odysseus would casually use his men as bait in order to scout any land he
didn’t feel comfortable investigating himself. He was absurdly nonchalant about his men
dying and the only time he wept or complained was for himself. Odysseus does experience
some personal growth throughout the Odyssey in terms of patience and understanding. His
trials have to do with refinement of spirit; his grow this in the kind of judgment that will
make him a better king. Early on, Odysseus feels compelled to taunt Polyphemus the
Cyclops as he escapes from the one-eyed monster. When he returns to Ithaca, however,
Odysseus behaves more prudently. He enters in disguise in order to obtain information
about the enemy as well as knowledge of whom to trust. Even when he is mocked and
assaulted by the suitors or his own servants, Odysseus manages to maintain his composure
and resist the urge to retaliate. When he does strike, the time is perfect. By the end of the
epic, Odysseus seems to be a more wise, perceptive leader than he might have been had he
sailed straight home from Troy.

Homer does the best he can in his attempt to portray Odysseus as a good leader and hero
whose ultimate motivation is protecting civilization. Unfortunately, Homer ultimately fails in
this task because as Odysseus was too immature, selfish, dishonest and cowardly to think of
anyone else besides himself. Although Odysseus may have been considered a great hero by
playing a major role in the defeat of Troy, Odysseus was far from a good leader or a moral
man.
Divine Comedy” by Dante Alighieri

In the spring of 1312, Dante seems to have gone with the other exiles to meet up with the new
emperor at Pisa (Henry’s  rise was sustained, and he was named Holy Roman Emperor in 1312),
but again, his exact whereabouts during this period are uncertain. By 1314, however, Dante had
completed the Inferno, the segment of The Divine Comedy set in hell, and in 1317 he settled at
Ravenna and there completed.
The Divine Comedy  (soon before his death in 1321).The aim of Dante in the Divine Comedy was to
set forth truths in such wise as to affect the imaginations and touch the hearts of men, so that they
should turn to righteousness. His conviction of these truths was no mere matter of belief; it had the
ardor and certainty of faith. They had appeared to him in all their fullness as a revelation of the
Divine wisdom. It was his work as poet, as poet with a divine commission, to make this revelation
known. His work was a work of faith; it was sacred; to it both Heaven and Earth had set their
hands. In the Divine Comedy the personages are all from real life, they are men and women with
their natural passions and emotions, and they are undergoing an actual experience. The allegory
consists in making their characters and their fates, what all human characters and fates really are,
the types and images of spiritual law.
The Divine Comedy  is an allegory of human life presented as a visionary trip through the Christian
after life, written as a warning to a corrupt society to steer itself to the path of righteousness: "to
remove those living in this life from the state of misery, and lead them to the state of felicity." The
poem is written in the first person (from the poet’s perspective) and follows Dante's journey
through the three Christian realms of the dead: hell, purgatory, and finally heaven. The Roman
poet Virgil guides Dante through hell (Inferno) and purgatory(Purgatorio), while Beatrice guides
him through heaven (Paradiso). The journey lasts from the night before Good Friday to the
Wednesday after Easter in the spring of 1300 (placing it before Dante’s factual exile from Florence,
which looms throughout the Inferno and serves as an undercurrent to the poet’s journey).
The structure of the three realms of the afterlife follows a common pattern of nine stages plus an
additional, and paramount, tenth: nine circles of hell, followed by Lucifer’s level at the bottom; nine
rings of purgatory, with the Garden of Eden at its peak; and the nine celestial bodies of heaven,
followed by the empyrean (the highest stage of heaven, where God resides).The poem is
composed of 100 cantos, written in the measure known as terza rima (thus the divine number 3
appears in each part of the poem), which Dante modified from its popular form so that it might be
regarded as his own invention.
Activity 3: Write on the box the 30 new vocabularies from the three literary
pieces of the literature that you have read, give the meaning of those words
and use them in the sentence.

1.Weary – Very tired, especially after you have been working hard or doing
something for long time.
Example: I am more weary of life, I think, than ever I was.

2.Transient- Continuing for only a short time.

Example: In the presence of eternity, the mountains are as transient as the clouds.

3.Drape- To hang clothes, materials, etc. loosely on somebody/something.

Example: Idealism is the noble toga that political gentlemen drape over their will to
power.

4.Quiver- To shake slightly; to make a slight movement.

Example: Artificial intelligence is growing up fast, as are robots whose facial
expressions can elicit empathy and make your mirror neurons quiver.

5.Stoic-Able to suffer pain or trouble without complaining or showing what you are
feeling.
Example: I think I’m incredibly stoic. If I have a bad headache, it takes a while before
I reach for a tablet.

6.Suction- The process of removing air or liquid from a space or container so that
something else can be sucked into it or so that two surfaces can stick together.
Example: A complainer is like a Death Eater because there’s a suction of negative
energy. You can catch a great attitude from great people.

7.Gestation-To carry a young human or animal inside the womb until it is born.
Example: In my humble opinion, the ages 22 to about 27 are the most critical years
of your adult life. It’s your time to gestate in the cocoon of becoming.
8.Glibly-Using words that are clever, but are not sincere, and do not show much
thought.
Example: It would be glib to suggest that she did it deliberately.
9.Chafing- To feel annoyed and impatient about something, especially because it
limits what you can do.
Example: Not only is New York City the nation’s melting pot, it is also the casserole,
the chafing dish and the charcoal grill.

10.Translucent-Allowing light to pass through but not transparent.

Example: The sky was a pale translucent blue.

11.Pillage-The act of stealing things from a place or region, especially in a war, using
violence.
Example: They brought back horrific accounts of murder and pillage.

12.Ordain-To order or command something; to decide something in advance.

Example: Fate had ordained that they would never meet again.

13.Admonishing-To tell somebody firmly that you do not approve of something that
they have done.
Example: She was admonished for chewing gum in class.

14.Ominous-Suggesting that something bad is going to happen in the future.

Example: There were ominous dark clouds gathering overhead.

15.Paramour-A person that somebody is having a romantic or sexual relationship

with.
Example: I loved Tristan in Nancy Collins’ run. I love Vampirella having a werewolf
paramour; it’s too fun.

16.Prudent-Sensible and careful when you make judgements and decisions;

avoiding unnecessary risks.
Example: It might be more prudent to get a second opinion before going ahead.

17.Restitution- The act of giving back something that was lost or stolen to its owner.
Example: The restitution of property seized under Communist rule.

18.Shambles-A situation in which there is a lot of confusion.

Example: He’s made an absolute shambles of his career.

19.Doughty-Brave and strong.

Example: A doughty defender of women’s rights.

20.Lamentation-To feel or express great sadness or disappointment about

somebody/something.
Example: In some ways, I lament the introduction of civilization on such a huge
scale, because it has given us a lot of room to abuse each other, which we continue
to do.

21.Futile-Having no purpose because there is no chance of success.

Example: Their efforts to revive him were futile.

22.Repugnance-A strong feeling of dislike or disgust about something.

Example: She was trying to overcome her physical repugnance for him.

23.Antiquity-The ancient past, especially the times of the Greeks and Romans.
Example: The statue was brought to Rome in antiquity.

24.Excrement-Solid waste matter that is passed from the body through the bowels.
Example: The pollution of drinking water by untreated human excrement.

25.Avaricious-Having an extreme desire for wealth.

Example: Mr. Bill is an avaricious speculators.

26.Fetid-Smelling very unpleasant.

Example: The air was fetid, the room a shambles.
27.Abyss-A very deep wide space or hole that seems to have no bottom.
Example: They took a long look into the abyss before deciding whether to jump.

28.Sullen-Bad-tempered and not speaking, either on a particular occasion or

because it is part of your character.
Example: He lapsed into a sullen silence.

29.Heretics-A person who is guilty of heresy.

Example: A heretic is a man who sees with his own eyes.

30.Ruse-A way of doing something or of getting something by cheating somebody.

Example: She tried to think of a ruse to get him out of the house.
Name: Ronquillo, Ela A. Course and Year: BEED 3-C Date: August
13,2021

MODULE 3 in EL 111 GREAT BOOKS

TITLE: Reading and Understanding Poetry

PRETEST
A.
Directions: Tell whether you agree or dis- agree with the statement given below. If
you dis-agree, tell the reason why you dis-agree.

Agree 1.Poesie or poesy is variant and synonym of poetry but at present it picks
up connotation of archaism, preciousness, affection and folly.
Agree 2.Poetic diction are words chosen for supposedly inherent poetic quality.
Agree 3.When reading a poem, the reader should consider what the poet is trying
to say.
Disagree 4.Rhyming words in a poem are only seen at the last word of each line of a
poem.(REASON: Because you cannot only find the rhyme in the last line of the
poem. Some other poem, has the rhyme between the lines.)
Disagree 5.A poem is said to be only one-fifth sense and four-fifths music.
(REASON: Because there is more sense in a poem than in the music. The Poem
partakes of the nature of both speech and song that is nearly always rhythmical,
usually metaphorical, and often exhibits such formal elements as meter, rhyme, and
stanza and structure.)

THINKING IT TROUGH……………

ASSESSMENT TASK
Activity 1. Look for the following poem in the Google or in any literature books, then
to the techniques in understanding the poem.
 A. Anabelle Lee by Edgar Allan Poe
B. Invictus by William Ernest Henley

A.Anabelle Lee by Edgar Allan Poe

Annabel Lee

The narrator (persona) writes about a fictional kingdom along the ocean shore. It is an idyllic,
beautiful, land of enchantment A paradise on earth

Where he and Annabel Lee fell in love as adolescents. One can imagine that they strolled the
beaches, hand in hand, in gentle breezes while the sun went down and the tide rushed in. This
kingdom, where love ruled their hearts, remains dear to the memory of the poet after Annabel Lee
dies, for his soul remains united with hers.

Theme:

Eternal love. The love between the narrator and Annabel Lee is so strong and beautiful and pure
that even these raphs, the highest order of angels in heaven, envy it. They attempt to kill this love by
sending a chilling wind that kills Annabel Lee. However, the love remains alive

Eternal. Because the souls of the lovers remain united. The death of a beautiful woman is a common
theme in Poe’s writing.

“Annabel Lee” is about a beautiful, painful memory. The speaker of the poem is remembering his
long-lost love, Annabel Lee. The speaker knew Annabel Lee many years ago, when she was a girl, and
they both lived “in a kingdom by the sea.” Even though they were only children, these two were
really, seriously in love. So in love that even the angels in heaven noticed and were jealous. Maybe
that was a bad thing, because our speaker blames the angels for killing his girlfriend. Apparently a
wind came down from the clouds, which made Annabel Lee sick and then eventually killed her.
When this happened, her relatives came and took her away from the speaker, and shut her up in a
tomb. Our speaker wants us to know that his love for Annabel Lee wasn’t just a teenage crush. A
little thing like death isn’t going to separate him from Annabel Lee. Not even angels or devils could
do that. He still sees her everywhere, in his dreams and in the stars. In fact he still loves her so much
(here’s where it gets really weird) that he goes and lies down with her in her tomb every night.
Creepy.

Rhyme, Rhythm, Repetition:

Poe uses three R’s— Rhyme, rhythm, and repetition

—in “Annabel Lee” to create a harmony of sounds that underscore the exquisite harmony of the
narrator’s relationship with his beloved.

Rhyme and Repetition

Throughout the poem, Poe repeats the sound of long “e.” For example, in the first stanza, Line 2
end with Sea, Line 4 with Lee, and Line 6 with Me. Stanzas 2 and 3 repeat the Sea, Lee, Me Pattern,
although Stanza 3 adds a second end-rhyming Sea. Stanza 4 alters the pattern to me, sea, and Lee.
Stanza 5 uses We, we, sea, And Lee; the last stanza uses Lee, Lee, sea, and Sea. A notable example of
Internal rhyme occurs in the last line of Stanza 4: “Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.”

Rhythm and Repetition the lines of the poem alternate in length between a long line (usually with 9
to 11 syllables) and a short line (usually with 6to 8 syllables), as in the first stanza:

It was many and many a year ago, (11 syllables)

In a kingdom by the sea, (7 syllables)

That a maiden there lived whom you may know (10 syllables)

By the name of Annabel Lee (8 syllables)

And this maiden she lived with no other thought (11 syllables)

Than to love and be loved by me. (8 syllables)

Poe repeats this rhythmic pattern throughout the poem, perhaps to suggest the rise and fall of the
tides. He also repeats key phrases—such as in this kingdom by the sea and my Annabel Lee (or My
beautiful Annabel Lee)

To create haunting refrains. In addition, Poe sometimes repeats words or word patterns within a
single line, as in (1) Many and many a year ago, (2) We loved with a love that was more than love,
and (3) My darling. Poe further enhances the rhythm of the poem with the repetition of consonant
sounds (alliteration). Notice, for example, the repetition of the “w” and “l” sounds in this line in
Stanza 2:But “well beloved with a love that was more than love.” Poe sometimes couples repetition
of consonant sounds with repetition of vowel sounds, as in “Many and many, Love and be loved, and
those who were older than we”.

Word Choice:

Poe carefully chose the words of the poem to evoke a dreamland or fairytale atmosphere. It was
many and many a year ago, for example, echoes the traditional fairytale opening of once upon a
time. The words Kingdom, maiden, and child then lead the reader into the never-never land, with
kingdom suggesting chivalry and romance, Maiden suggesting innocence, and Child suggesting the
wonderment of youth. Although he first uses sepulchre (Stanza 3) to refer to Annabel Lee’s burial
chamber Then repeats it in the seventh line of Stanza he uses tomb in the last line of the poem to
refer to her resting place. Tomb has a more ominous connotation, suggesting finality. It also has a
more deathly ring, like the cavernous toll of a funeral bell.

Use of Alliteration:

Poe relies heavily on alliteration in “Annabel Lee” to create pleasing sound patterns. Following are
examples of alliteration in the poem:

That the wind came out of the cloud by night, chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.

(Alliterating words: Came, cloud, killing )

But our love it was stronger by far than the love of those whose where older we of many far wiser

than we.

(Alliterating words: Was, were, we, wiser, we).

Imagery

— Darkness and Light: Implied and explicit images of darkness and light occur throughout the poem.
Poe implies that the kingdom by the sea is a bright, cheerful place where the sun shines on two
young lovers, the narrator and Annabel Lee. Ironically, in another realm of dazzling light

—Heaven: The highest order of angels, the Seraphim, grow dark with envy of the young couple.
Under cover of night, they send a cold wind that kills Annabel Lee: “The wind came out of the cloud
by night, / Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.” But the narrator says he remains in a realm of light,
for his soul and the soul of Annabel Lee are one. In the last stanza, Poe emphasizes this point with
light imagery: For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams of the beautiful Annabel Lee;
and the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyes of the beautiful Annabel Lee. Thus, his beloved
becomes the moon and the stars shining down on him from the sepulchral night sky.

B.Invictus by William Ernest Henley

The strong, resilient enunciation of the poem’s title carries a remarkable effect from the outset,
emphasizing Henley’s intention to show might in the face of adversity. The Latin, powerful-sounding
Invictus ‘s definition is no less noticeable: the “unconquerable. “

Theme:

The theme of the poem is the will to survive in the face of a severe test. Henley himself faced such a
test. After contracting tuberculosis of the bone in his youth, he suffered a tubercular infection when
he was in his early twenties that resulted in amputation of a leg below the knee. When physicians
informed him that he must undergo a similar operation on the other leg, he enlisted the services of
Dr. Joseph Lister (1827-1912), the developer of antiseptic medicine. He saved the leg. During
Henley’s twenty-month ordeal between 1873 and 1875 at the Royal Edinburgh Infirmary in Scotland,
he wrote “Invictus” and other poems. Years later, his friend Robert Louis Stevenson based the
character Long John Silver (a peg-legged pirate in the Stevenson novel Treasure Island) on Henley.

INVICTUS

In the first stanza, Henley refers to the “night that covers me, black as the pit from pole to pole”
(lines 1 and 2); this night is generally a metaphor for the hardships and problems of a worldly
existence, but the line could clearly be understood at the discretion of the reader by assigning the
night any of negative roles (any particular hardship that may encompass a person’s entire life, such
as a handicap like Henley’s; persistent, taxing responsibilities; or sustained emotional injury). The
next line, “the pit from pole to pole” is a basic way of likening the darkness (or the difficulty) of the
night to the lightless, deep desolation of the center of the earth, and its meaning does not require
any change as understanding of the poem changes. Lines 3 and 4, “I thank whatever gods may
be/for my unconquerable soul,” parallel the title and introduce the poem’s primary focus. By
suggesting that the soul is the creation of a higher power, the line reinforces the theme of the
unconquerable by associating the soul with the interminable. Some critics have argued that line 3 is
hard proof of the author’s agnosticism, but other interpretations have left the statement as a choice
in poetic device rather than a religious preference, even hailing the poem as one not quite
contradictory (as agnostic analyses contend) to conventional Christianity. Regardless of this, Henley
definitely intended to carry the meaning of his poetry to the spiritual level, which is further explored
in the third stanza.

The second stanza bears the image of a hapless victim whose predators are the violent“
circumstance” and “chance”; both abstract concepts are solidified by lines 6-9. Line 6, “In the fell
clutch of circumstance,” followed by line 7, “I have not winced nor cried aloud” immediately instills
an image of an animal captured by the “fell clutch” of a predatory bird. The circumstance, in
Henley’s case, was likely a reference to his unfortunate condition but, much like the many parts of
the poem, is manipulable to personal perspective. Though cursed with a great burden, he did not
“wince nor cry aloud,” that is, complain vociferously about his pain, as an animal carried away would
squeal to its demise. Then Chance, in lines 8-9, appears with a baseball bat to do his damage: “Under
the bludgeoning of chance/my head is bloody, but unbowed.” Henley’s choice of imagery best
describes any case of one downtrodden by misfortune who has not conceded due to events that
transpire beyond his control, much as a hardy prisoner beaten by his captors would not allow his
head to bow in defeat.

Both warning and consoling, the third stanza brings in something past that introduced in the second,
showing a more spiritual side of the poem: “Beyond this place of wrath and tears/looms the Horror
of the shade” (lines 11 and 12). The “place of wrath and tears” of which Henley writes is the world
we live in, the place where we are the prey of circumstance and the prisoners of chance. Beyond it,
however, Henley suggests that there is more by expressing his belief in an afterlife, but he does not
simply relegate the “Beyond” to simple optimism. Line 12’s “Horror of the shade” is the unknown
that is across the threshold of life and death that may hold more hardships for the soul yet, and it is
undoubtedly a concept explored by many poets. “The menace of the years” (Line 13), of course, is
the expiration of our worldly time, the end of which would mark the beginning of the journey to the
shade beyond. To this, Henley holds defiantly that this imminent end “finds, and shall find him
unafraid.” This disregard for fear is a declaration of acceptance of all that will come at the expiration
of the flesh.
Possibly the most famous and memorable of all, the fourth stanza is the poem’s final affirmation of
spiritual fortitude. Lines 16 and 17 are strongly associated with Christian ideas and images. “It
matters not how strait the gate” (line 16) contains a direct biblical allusion: “Strait is the gate, and
narrow is the way, which leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it” (Matthew 7:13-14). Line 16
is not a contradiction of the straight and narrow path, but rather an acceptance of its challenge,
similar to that in the third stanza. “Scroll,” in line 17, again alludes to heavenly imagery; it does not
matter what punishments one may bear from life and the afterlife as long as one is confidently in
control. The bold, fearless end to the poem is an affirmation that, as the decision-makers in our
lifetimes, we are the sole authorities over ourselves, and a powerful line that seems to have a wide
variety of applications for any situation. Left in context and even if taken slightly out of context of
the poem, its intense implications of power (“master” and “captain”) in combination with its
subjects (the fate and the soul, things that are normally implied to be beyond our reach) give the
final stanza an intrinsic quality found in all things frequently quoted as words of strength, such as
Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s “We have nothing to fear but fear itself.” Coincidentally enough, FDR
was known to quote the concluding couplet of Invictus himself when asked how he dealt with his
struggle with polio.

Literary Elements found in Invictus

-16 lines

-four stanza’s -abab-cdcd-efefef-ghgh rhyme scheme

-Lyrical poem

Symbols

Night- death, challenge, suffering

Pit- deep dark abyss

Gate- ones lifelong path

Shade- ones chance of suffering Master- He remains in charge

Captain- he leads himself where to go

Alliteration

Black as the Pit from pole to pole-PPP

In the fell clutch of circumstance-CC

My head is bloody, but unbowed.-BBB

Tone
Depending on how the reader interprets the poem Invictus the tone varies. Invictus could be taken
as a hopeful poem for those suffering, constantly being reminded that you are the “Captain of you
soul” and that it is you choosing to live in pain or be brave when facing a challenge.

“Beyond this place of wrath and tears” refers that the writer has hope for the after life. “Finds, and
shall find, me unafraid” refers to the fearlessness of the writer “My head is bloody, but unbowed.”
Refers to his courage to fight.

Name: Ronquillo, Ela A. Course and Year: BEED 3-C Date: August
13,2021

MODULE 4 in EL 111 GREAT BOOKS

TITLE: Appreciating Drama

A. Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter which has the correct answer.

B 1.The characters in a drama, a novel or a poem

A. Dramatic propriety
B. Dramatic personae
C. Dramatic Irony

C 2.The word_______ seems to mean a “goat song”.

A. Comedy
B. Farce
C. Tragedy
D. Melo- drama

D 3._______ in the drama is accomplished by speech and by whatever action

which add to the interpretation.
A. Plot
B. Setting
C. Information
D. Characterization

D 4.The writer of drama is called________

A. Author
B. Expert
C. Narrative writer
D. Playwright

D 5.The most important figure in deconstructing drama is______

A. Jacks Derrida
B. Jean Jacques Derrida
C. Jack Derida
D. Jacques Derrida

B. Have you seen drama performed on the stage? Did you like it? Why? Explain. Or
if you have not seen a drama presentation, have you read a drama? Give your
comments to the drama that you read.
I haven’t seen yet a drama presentation but I have read some of a drama and the
drama that have had a deep impact on me is “The Glass Menagerie” by Tennessee
Williams (Modern Tragedy) Tennessee Williams has expressed a very heartfelt
stance in ‘The Glass Menagerie.’ The entire play is based on themes of memory and
nostalgia. Amanda is delusional for most parts of the play. Yet as a reader, you do
feel for her. The playwright has used marriage as a tool rather than a union based on
love. He was criticized for this by many. However, every dialogue he’s written in the
play only justifies his stance. The other one is “Waiting for Godot” by Samuel Beckett
(Theatre of Absurd) Waiting for Godot is an extraordinary play from the Theatre of
Absurd and is relevant to our day and age. It comprises of just two acts and yet as a
reader you remain intrigued expecting Godot to show up. But he doesn’t. The play is
a classic take on existentialism and human reality. Also, the hopelessness of human
condition where people keep expecting and yet not much happens as per their
expectation.

THINKING IT THROUGH …………

ASSESSMENT TASK
Exercise 1
Read the drama titled “ The World is an Apple” by Alberto Florentine and “ Half an
our in a convent” by Wilfrido Ma. Guerero.
1.Criticize the two dramas.
2. Deconstruct the end part of the dramas.
1.Criticize the two dramas.

The World is an Apple

The World is an apple is a clear example of a Marxist literature. We can see

different ideologies and class systems that affect human behavior. Classicism
is distinctly seen in the text, when Gloria emphasized to Mario that he
should've not tried to bring home an apple because they are not rich. Gloria
has this belief that since they are poor they should not be aspiring for better
things. She believed that they could only have things that are allotted for the
poor (e.g. Lugaw). Injustice is also evident in the text, just by stealing a single
apple, Mario was fired out of his work. This points me to Economic Power.
The company where Mario worked was just waiting for him to make mistakes.
In this way they can throw men out without any reason and replace them with
men whom they know or whom they want. This shows how status and power
works in our society. Mario can't even complain because whatever he does
these people who have the authority will always win. The World is an apple
evidently shows how the poor struggle in order to survive their everyday living
and yet suffers for the injustices in our society.

Half An Hour In a Convent

'Half An Hour In a Convent" by Wilfrido Ma. Guerero deals with the subject of
suicide and the repression of Catholic convent schools. It's about a young girl
who is about to turn 16 is not comfortable anymore with the strict rules in her
environment. Since the play is all about the repression in Catholic School,
Yolanda was an example of being unhappy with her life in the convent.
Knowing her mother who died and having a violent father, and staying in a
place which isn't compatible anymore to her, gave her the tendency to oppose
to the given set of rules in the convent. She is asking for freedom and wanting
a life that's never been given to her. Yolanda seeks love, attention, affection
which her father cannot provide. In that kind of age, the millennial really have
the tendency to rebel if their home is not happy. Because it all starts at home -
 The happiness, the knowledge, the teachings, the love, care and
communication, it must be taught and exchanged in homes.

2. Deconstruct the end part of the dramas.

The World is an Apple

-It proves that Mario will do everything for his daughter even he lost anything
and he love his daughter. The end was so sad because he chose to be with
Pablo and do bad things. He chose to steal because he thought that was the
only way to live but a big NO!, God have many plans for us and always by our
sides. ''Think Positive” .Stealing is stealing and its against the law even you
did it in purpose still WRONG MOVE. Therefore those lines reminds me the
importance of life itself without elegant means. There are always alternative to
the things we have in this world.

Mario will listen again to Gloria that is not good to steal to someone. Doing
something bad is will only lead him to someone that not only will change him
as a person but someone that is not good to the people and our creator God.
Mario will realized that if he will do good thing, he will also receive good
karma.

Half An Hour In a Convent

A young girl who is about to turn 16 is not comfortable anymore with the strict
rules in her environment. Since the play is about the
Repression in the Catholic School. Yolanda is an example of being unhappy
with her life in a convent. Knowing her mother who died and having a violent
father, and staying in a place which isn’t compatible anymore to her, give her
a tendency to oppose to the given set of rules in the convent. She is asking a
freedom and asking a life that’s never given to her. Yolanda seeks love,
attention, affection which her father cannot provide. In that kind of age, the
millennial really have the tendency to rebel if their home is not happy.
Because it all starts at home- The happiness, the knowledge, the teachings,
the love , care and communication, it must be taught and exchange at homes.

Mother Superior will listen to Yolanda reason and be touched about Yolanda
wants to be stay. Yolanda will be given a last chance to stay in convent
school and because of the chance Yolanda will be a better students and obey
all the rules of the convent school. Mother Superior, Sr. Teresa, and Sr. Vitalis
are all delighted to the change of Yolanda