CLASSROOM RULES:

A.) Be participative
B.) Raise hand/Peace sign
C.) Complete sentence policy
 REVIEW:
What do you call the
circumstances that surround the
text and from the terms from
which it can be better
understood and evaluated?

CONTEXT
 How about a non-linear
way of presenting a text
and usually accomplished
using links?
HYPERTEXT
How about the person who
coined the term “hypertext”
in 1963? Who is that
person?

TED NELSON
 ___________enables the
author to make another text
based on another text. What
do you think it is class?

INTERTEXTUALITY
What are the five
methods of
intertextuality?
ALLUSION, RETELLING, QUOTATION,
PARODY, PASTICHE
 What is Allusion?
A literary device that involves
directly referring to something else,
often to another literary text. Also
called “passing reference”.
How about Retelling?

The restatement of a story

or re-expression of a
narrative.
 How about Parody?
An imitation of another text for
satirical purpose; usually mock. It
may copy the setting, plot,
characters, or other parts of the
original work.
How about Pastiche?
A text developed in a way that it
copies the style or other properties
of another text without making fun
of it unlike in a parody.
RIDDLE ME!
 I can fill up a
room, but take
no space. What
am I?
ANSWER:

LIGHT
What kind of
room has no
doors or
windows?
ANSWER:

MUSHROOM
What begins with
T, finishes with T,
and has T in it?
ANSWER:

TEAPOT
What goes up, but
never comes back
down?
ANSWER:

AGE
What room do
ghosts avoid?
 ANSWER:

LIVING ROOM
What is a bright
orange with a
green top and
sounds like a
parrot?
ANSWER:

CARROT
 What follows you
everywhere but can’t
be caught?
ANSWER:

SHADOW
What has a key,
but can’t open a
locked door?
ANSWER:

MONKEY
What kind of tree
can you carry in
your hand?
ANSWER:

PALM
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students can:
a.) Identify the type of assertions described in
the given statements;
b.) Value the importance of critically reading and
analyzing text before forming arguments; and
c.) Formulate counterclaims on the given claims.
 CRITICAL
READING AS
REASONING
CRITICAL READING
 The process of understanding,
questioning, and evaluating a text,
in order to well assess the
accuracy and validity of a writer’s
ideas.
REASONING
 An act of giving statements for
justification and explanation. It is
the ability of someone to defend
something by giving out reasons.
 STEPS USED IN
CRITICAL READING AS
REASONING:
1.) IDENTIFYING ASSERTIONS

 Assertions are declarative

sentences that claim
something is true about
something else.
TYPES OF ASSERTIONS

A. Statement of Fact
 A statement that can be proven
objectively by direct experience,
testimonies of witnesses, verified
observations, or the results of research.
Example:
1.) Using condom is an effective
way of preventing sexually
transmitted diseases when
engaging to sexual activity with
numerous partners.
TYPES OF ASSERTIONS

B. Statement of Opinion
 Based on facts, but are difficult to
objectively verify because of the
uncertainty of producing satisfactory
proofs of soundness.
Examples:
1.) Drinking alcohol can reduce
mental health problems.
2.) Smoking cigarettes relieves
stress and tension.
TYPES OF ASSERTIONS

C. Statement of Convention
 A way in which something is done,
similar to traditions and norms. It
depends on historical precedent,
laws, rules, usage, and customs.
Example:
1.) Showing respect to the
elders, especially to our
grandparents is by saying
and making “mano po”.
TYPES OF ASSERTIONS

D. Statement of Preference
 Based on personal choice;
therefore, they are subjective and
can’t be objectively proven or
logically attacked.
Example:
1.) Watching movies in
Netflix is more convenient
than going to the cinema.
2.) Formulating Counterclaims

 Counterclaims are claims

made to rebut a previous claim. It
provides contrasting perspective
to the main argument.
Example:
Claim: Smoking cigarettes is the
best way to relieve stress and
improve mood.
Counterclaim: I don’t agree,
smoking cigarettes has been known
to cause lung cancer.
 4 ELEMENTS OF ARGUMENTS

1.) Claim – main argument.

2.) Counterclaim – opposite of claim/negating
claim.

3.) Reason – tells why a claim is made.

4.) Evidence – fact or research to support the claim
and reason.
 Questions In Formulating Counterclaim:
 What are the major points on which you and the author can
disagree?
 What is the strongest argument? What did they say to defend
their position?
 What are the merits of their view?
 What are the weaknesses or shortcomings in their argument?
 Are there any hidden assumptions?
 Which lines from the text best support the counterclaim you
have formulated?
 Example: Condoms are a widely promoted
method for preventing sexually transmitted
infections (STIs). Source: World Health
Organization
1.) Claim – Consistent and correct condom use
significantly reduces the risk of contracting and
transmitting STIs.
2.) Counterclaim – Condoms have limitations
and full safety is not totally guaranteed. Condom slippage or
breakage can occur, even with careful use.
3.) Reason – Condoms create a physical barrier that
prevents infected bodily fluids from entering or exiting the
body during sexual contact.

4.) Evidence – Studies by the World Health

Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) show that consistent condom use can
reduce the risk of HIV transmission by up to 80% and other
STIs by varying degrees depending on the specific infection.
3.) Determining Textual Evidence

 Evidence are the details given

by the author to support his/her
claim.
Evidence includes:
Facts and statistics (objectively
validated information on your subject)
Opinion from experts (leading
authorities on a topic, such as
researchers or academics)
Personal anecdotes (generalizable,
relevant, and objectively considered).
Questions in determining evidence from the text:

 What questions can you ask about the claims?

 Which details in the text answer your questions?
 What are the most important details in the paragraph?
 What is each one’s relationship to the claim?
 How does the given detail reinforce the claim?
 What details do you find interesting? Why?
 What are some claims that do not seem to have
support? What kinds of support could they be
provided with?
 What are some details that you find questionable?
Why do you think so?
 Are some details outdated, inaccurate, exaggerated,
or taken out of context?
 Are the sources reliable?
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD EVIDENCE:
 Unified;
 Relevant to the central
point;
 Specific and concrete;
 Accurate; and
 Representative or typical.
Example:
“Jessica sat alone at lunch,
pushing around the lukewarm
fries on her tray, the cafeteria
noise a dull roar around her.”
 “Jessica sat alone at lunch,
pushing around the lukewarm
fries on her tray, the cafeteria noise a dull roar around her.”
She is sitting alone: This is a direct indication that
Jessica doesn’t have anyone to sit with at lunch.
She’s not eating: The fact that she’s just pushing
her food around suggests she may have lost her appetite
due to loneliness.
The cafeteria noise is described as a dull
roar: This could show that Jessica withdrawn and not
really engaging with the world around her.
WAYS TO PRESENT TEXTUAL EVIDENCE:
1.) Paraphrasing – is restating the text in your own
words.
2.) Summarizing – is restating the text in a shorter
way using your own words.
3.) Referencing – is mentioning a specific section of
the text.
4.) Quoting – is stating a part of text in the exact way it
was written.
 In the given text, the author claimed that a
Paraphrasing person may feel isolated and lonely when she
doesn’t have someone to talk to.
“Rewind” tells the story of John (Dingdong
Dantes) and Mary (Marian Rivera), a married
couple, but John is too busy with work. Mary
Summarizing dies in an accident. John gets a magical chance
to go back in time and fix things, but there’s a
catch.

Violence against women and children is a

pervasive problem worldwide. In the Philippines,
Referencing the government enacted Republic Act No. 9262,
or the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their
Children Act (VAWC Law).

Vice Ganda described love as “no

Quoting gender” he states that love is felt by
anyone despite of their gender.
LET’S WRAP IT UP!

What are the steps used in

critical reading as
reasoning?
 Identifying Assertions, Formulating
Counterclaims, and Determining
Textual Evidence.
How about in identifying
assertions, what are the
types mentioned?

Statement of fact, opinion,

convention, and preference.
How about in formulating
counterclaim, the four
elements of arguments.
What are those?
Claim, Counterclaim,
Reason, and Evidence.
 How about in determining
textual evidence, what are
the ways to present textual
evidence?
 Paraphrasing, Summarizing,
Referencing, and Quoting
 Why is it important to
critically read and
analyze text or
information before
giving your arguments?
ACTIVITY 1: “FIGURE IT OUT!”
Directions: Read the sentences carefully. In ½ sheet of paper,
identify what type of assertions described in the given sentences
below. Write whether it is statement of fact, opinion, convention,
or preference. Answer it in 5 minutes. ANSWERS ONLY.

____________1. Mount Everest holds the record for the

world’s highest mountain peak above sea level.
____________2. Common courtesy dictates the use of
polite terms such as “please” and “thank you”.
Directions: Read the sentences carefully. In ½ sheet of paper,
identify what type of assertions described in the given sentences
below. Write whether it is statement of fact, opinion, convention,
or preference. Answer it in 5 minutes. ANSWERS ONLY.

____________3. I would rather spend a day at the beach

than at the museum.
____________4. Spicy foods add excitement to a meal.
____________5. Tipping for good service is customary in
many restaurants.
____________6. I prefer the window seat when traveling by
airplane.
Directions: Read the sentences carefully. In ½ sheet of paper,
identify what type of assertions described in the given sentences
below. Write whether it is statement of fact, opinion, convention,
or preference. Answer it in 5 minutes. ANSWERS ONLY.
____________7. The blue whale is the largest known sea
animal on earth.
____________8. The best time to travel is during the off-
season to avoid crowds.
____________9. Wearing helmet is a legal requirement for
cyclist in some areas.
____________10. For exercise, I enjoy walking outdoors
more than going to the gym.
LET’S ANSWER!
Directions: Read the sentences carefully. In ½ sheet of paper,
identify what type of assertions described in the given sentences
below. Write whether it is statement of fact, opinion, convention,
or preference. Answer it in 5 minutes. ANSWERS ONLY.

fact____1. Mount Everest holds the record for the

_______
world’s highest mountain peak above sea level.
convention
____________2. Common courtesy dictates the use of
polite terms such as “please” and “thank you”.
Directions: Read the sentences carefully. In ½ sheet of paper,
identify what type of assertions described in the given sentences
below. Write whether it is statement of fact, opinion, convention,
or preference. Answer it in 5 minutes. ANSWERS ONLY.

preference
____________3. I would rather spend a day at the beach
than at the museum.
opinion
____________4. Spicy foods add excitement to a meal.
convention
____________5. Tipping for good service is customary in
many restaurants.
preference
____________6. I prefer the window seat when traveling by
airplane.
Directions: Read the sentences carefully. In ½ sheet of paper,
identify what type of assertions described in the given sentences
below. Write whether it is statement of fact, opinion, convention,
or preference. Answer it in 5 minutes. ANSWERS ONLY.
fact
____________7. The blue whale is the largest known sea
animal on earth.
opinion
____________8. The best time to travel is during the off-
season to avoid crowds.
convention
____________9. Wearing helmet is a legal requirement for
cyclist in some areas.
preference
____________10. For exercise, I enjoy walking outdoors
more than going to the gym.
ACTIVITY 2: “THE WRITING STUFF!”
Directions: Provide a counterclaim for each claim.
Write your counterclaim in the column provided.
Example: Counterclaim: Loving someone
Claim: Loving someone is could only be the best feeling that
the best feeling everyone everyone would want to experience if
wants to experience. there would be no arguments,
infidelity, and doubts involved.
1.) Staying up late to
review for an exam is the
best way to prepare.
2.) Playing before working is
better since you condition
your body and mind first.
3.) Having incomplete school
materials like-books and
uniforms is a certain way to
fail in learning.
4.) A person who does not
have a diploma is
unlearned.
5.) An average student is
worse than a lazy student.
ASSIGNMENT:
Directions: Search for any article or
reading material online. Construct your
claim or counterclaim on the chosen
topic. Provide at least three (3) textual
evidences to support your opinion. Use the
graphic organizer for your answers.
Encode/Print on A4 bond paper or Write
it on a 1 whole sheet of paper.
Topic:

Claim or Counterclaim:

Evidence 1: Evidence 2: Evidence 3: