Hypertext and Intertext

Week 9 - Grade 11
READING AND WRITING SKILLS
IDENTIFYING THE CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT

Context - the social, cultural, historical, political, and other related circumstances
that surround the text and form the terms from which it can be better understood
and evaluated.
In discovering a reading’s context

You may ask questions like:

1. When was the work written?

2. What were the circumstances that produced it?
3. What issues does it deal with?
INTERTEXTUALITY

● the modeling of a text’s meaning by another text

● the connections between language, images, characters, themes, or subjects
depending on their similarities in language, genre, or discourse
● It is when an author borrows or transforms a prior text, or makes references.
INTERTEXTUALITY
A text contains many layers of accumulated cultural, historical, and social
knowledge, which continuously adds to and affects one another. Thus,
intertextuality becomes a dialogue among different texts and the interpretations
of the writer, the audience, and the current and earlier cultural contexts.
Hypertext

● A nonlinear way of showing information

● Connects topics on a screen to related information, graphics, videos, and
music.
● Information is not simply related to text.
● This information appears as links and is usually accessed by clicking. The
reader can jump to more information about a topic, which in turn may have
more links. This opens up the reader to a wider horizon of information or to a
new direction.
IDENTIFYING ASSERTIONS

● Assertions are declarative sentences that claim something is true about

something else.
● Simply put, it is a sentence that is either true or false.
● They are the primary channel for a reader to assent to a claim.
IDENTIFYING ASSERTIONS
Examples:

The sampaguita’s roots are used for medicinal purposes, such as an anesthetic and
a sedative. (FACT)

The sampaguita belongs to the genus Jasminum of the family Oleaceae.

(CONVENTION)

The popularity of sampaguita flowers is most evident in places of

worship.(OPINION)

Sampaguitas are the most beautiful and most fragrant of all flowers. (PREFERENCE)
FACT

A statement that can be proven objectively by directe experience, testimonies of

witnesses, verified observations, or the results of research.

The sampaguita’s roots are used for medicinal purposes, such as an anesthetic
and a sedative. (FACT)
CONVENTION

A convention is a way in which something is done, similar to traditions and norms.

Conventions depend on historical precedent, laws, rules, usage, and customs.
Thus, their truthfulness is verified by how commonly held definitions and beliefs
are interpreted.

The sampaguita belongs to the genus Jasminum of the family Oleaceae.

(CONVENTION)
OPINIONS

Opinions are based on facts, but are difficult to objectively verify because of the
uncertainty of producing satisfactory proofs of soundness. Opinions result from
ambiguities; the more ambiguous a statement is, the more difficult it is to verify.
Thus, they are open to disputes.

The popularity of sampaguita flowers is most evident in places of

worship.(OPINION)
PREFERENCE

Preferences are based on choice; therefore, they are subjective and cannot be
objectively proven or logically attacked.

Sampaguitas are the most beautiful and most fragrant of all flowers.
(PREFERENCE)
COUNTERCLAIMS

Counterclaims are claims made to rebut a previous claim. They provide a

contrasting perspective to the main argument.
COUNTERCLAIMS

● The following questions will help you formulate a counterclaim:

● What are the major points on which you and the author can disagree?
● What is their strongest argument? What did they say to defend their position?
● What are the merits of their view?
● What are the weaknesses or shortcomings in their argument?
● Are there any hidden assumptions?
● Which lines from the text best support the counterclaim you have forumated?
EVIDENCE

Evidence is defined as the details given by the author to support their claim or
claims. The evidence provided by the writer substantiates the text. It reveals nad
builts on the position of the writer and makes the reading more interesting.

Evidence is crucial in swaying a reader to your side.

EVIDENCE

Evidence can include the following:

1. facts and statistics (objectively validated information on your subject)

2. opinions from experts (leading authorities on a topic, such as researchers or
academics); and
3. personal anecdotes (generalizable, relevant, and objectively considered)
EVIDENCE

The following are some questions to help you determine evidence from a text:

1. What question can you ask about the claims?

2. Which details in the text answer your questions?
3. What are the most important details in the paragraph?
4. What is each one’s relationship to the claim?
5. How does the given detail reinforce the claim?
6. What details do you find interesting? Why?
7. What are some claims that do not seem to have support? What kind of
support could they be provided with?
EVIDENCE

8. What are some details that you find questionable? Why do you think so?

9. Are some details outdated, inaccurate, exaggerated, or taken out of context?

10. Are the sources reliable?

EVIDENCE

The qualities of good evidence:

1. unified
2. relevant to the central point
3. specific and concrete
4. accurate
5. representative or typical
SHARING ACTIVITY

List examples of intertextuality among the media that you consume (songs,
shows, books, manga/comics, movies, etc.) Share it with the class.

Example: