Dr.

Ambedkar Institute Of Technology

Outer Ring Rd, Near, Gnana Bharathi, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560056

Topic : Solenoids, Relays, D.C. Motor and types

Presented by :-
1DA20EE400_CHARAN V
1DA20EE402_LAKSHMISHA M R
1DA20EE404_OBALARANGA M O
1DA20EE413_VIDYASHREE P
1DA19ML005_BADIGER MANASI RAJENDRA

Under the Guidence of :

SUJAY S N sir
Assistant Professor
Department of ECE,
DRAIT, Bangalore-560056.
Solenoid Meaning

• A solenoid is a long piece of wire which is wound in the shape of a coil. When
the electric current passes through the coil it creates a relatively uniform
magnetic field inside the coil.

• The solenoid can create a magnetic field from electric current and this
magnetic field can be used to generate a linear motion with the help of a
metal core.

• This simple device can be used as an electromagnet, as an inductor or as a

miniature wireless receiving antenna in a circuit.
Solenoid Working

o A "solenoid" consists of a coil and a movable iron core called the armature.
o When the current is passed through the coil it gets energized and consequently the
core moves to increase the flux linkage by closing the air gap between the cores.
o The movable core is usually spring-loaded to allow the core to retract when the
current is switched off.
o The force generated is approximately proportional to the square of the current and
inversely proportion to the square of the width of the air gap.
Solenoid Application

• The main use of solenoid is as a switch for power. They are used in inductors,
valves, antennas, etc. Its application is in varied fields like medical, industrial
use, locking systems, automotive, etc.

• It is used to control a valve electrically.

• They can be used in a specific kind of door locking system. These locking
systems are very secure as they use electromagnets.

• They are used in computer printers.

• Solenoids are used in fuel injection gears in cars.

Relay Meaning

• Electric Relays are electrical switches that open or close another circuit under
certain conditions.

• Electric Relay is a device designed to trip a circuit breaker when fault is detected
,Generally Relays are electromagnetic devices.

• The need to act quickly to protect circuit to protect equipments and trip a breaker
with in a few thousands of seconds.
Relay Working

• It works on the principle of an electromagnetic attraction. When the circuit of the

relay senses the fault current, it energises the electromagnetic field which
produces the temporary magnetic field.

• This magnetic field moves the relay armature for opening or closing the
connections.

• The small power relay has only one contacts, and the high power relay has two
contacts for opening the switch.
Relay Application

• Relays are used for isolating a low voltage circuit from high voltage circuit.

• They are used for controlling multiple circuits.

• They are also used as automatic change over.

• Microprocessors use relays to control a heavy electrical load.

• Overload relays are used for protection of motor from overload & electrical failure.
D.C. Motor

• A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical motors that converts direct current
electrical energy into mechanical energy.

• Types of DC Motors:

1. Permanent Magnet DC Motors

2. Series DC Motors

3. Shunt DC Motors

4. Compound DC Motors
D.C. Motor Working

• The basic working principle of the DC motor is that whenever a current carrying
conductor places in the magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force.

• Fleming's left-hand rule and its magnitude decide the direction of this force.
Fleming's Left Hand Rule

• If we stretch the first finger, second finger and thumb of our left hand to be
perpendicular to each other.

• First finger represents the direction of the magnetic field.

• Second finger represents the direction of the current.

• The thumb represents the direction of the force experienced by the current
carrying conductor.
 Permanent Magnet DC Motors

• A Permanent Magnet DC motor (PMDC motor) is a type of DC motor that uses a

permanent magnet to create the magnetic field required for the operation of a DC
motor.

• The motor that drives these toys is nothing but a permanent magnet DC motor or
PMDC motor. These types of motors are simple in construction.
 Series D.C. Motors

• In series wound motor the field winding is connected in series with the armature.
Therefore, series field winding carries the armature current.
• Since the current passing through a series field winding is the same as the
armature current, series field windings must be designed with much fewer turns
than shunt field windings for the same mmf.
• Therefore, a series field winding has a relatively small number of turns of thick wire
and, therefore, will possess a low resistance.
Shunt D.C. Motors

• In shunt wound motor the field winding is connected in parallel with armature. The
current through the shunt field winding is not the same as the armature current.

• Shunt field windings are designed to produce the necessary m.m.f. by means of a
relatively large number of turns of wire having high resistance.

• Therefore, shunt field current is relatively small compared with the armature current.
Compound DC Motors

• Compound DC motors are basically made up of a combination of series and shunt

motors. they are also called DC compound motors. this type of motor has both
series and shunt field coils that are connected to the winding of an armature.
• These field coils which are linked to the armature windings, afford the essential
amount of magnetic flux, and lead to generate the torque necessary to aid the
rotation at the desired speed level in the armature.