You are on page 1of 32

-A)

E{L .- t-.'n?t A E31


Module U
't
heqgl-e n Cl
ks@:g'
clcar,trt
-:>

in .neC[non,'c.o.i- deAInn uJhere. fhe q'ri+e'"r;e"'


-ttr*"
,;u, deaign dep,,d
l.chonnC
-he 1 T **.]"lJ*^
ni6f.rr,.tY er +e Strovrsr thcLt orQ .lnrlo'ottd-
d'*riir1 'ftrer

.P-"1-- ., in t-l Y o-|:pbcc \i u^n ) . .til drele c'tric {1"$++r


,
dt ino.rlcltino x"trpri.'la &'the eltclr;c \retd stv'rn
.r"0ue Lo pea t"I +h!*. ,ot'.or't B*Qectd +o b} vn
cl^rQ th-(
i,.^por'+c-4 [ocJor'r in U11^ voL{<ry sSrkrnir'
.l

*l ,j., G 1",\h vc H*f aPPc;tlr T* t"'-" poi krut


* u c.r*d
r,r-cttpri oL a CIju prs-n du-odor o €t in atJ.\ettor.rr'
-i te {n e .gn-rd utdovrr fa xyq th} ts rr< n t. r th e
.^,h I

tn,ru[..] ar, gre.,uen t t].r \ tY* dl LU.'u '6eoLo l1 tfndeo?rc'


, T\-L electvic flr.rt, # *[u;cf? c(n inrulCint,
Porthn ' I', SubJeGe d +o t(,r1 ume
Kotetia[A n llccttll Qry..r-\ to $*
gr ivr toFC -{D thr t nl.c*xc}e[a
voHoqr tctdr*i
rnJe#t"
u",rd In t, 3n
,

;* !*on* rn pw t.ur{ i "'rotoai*l


-);" U"d j i-0 tt ! inn..rlulier
- , Ft**i-) rtcqh)'ict I
.
can
T\s drelt.,f, .. .*,.ti*
,
O! in,ru[cr.lc.q
-) t St'eM .ou.;chu the *otalio I
fu de[lru-d ev) thr n*Y,**, 1.
Ccln ueith 'q[o^td '
tjf crl,ro be de ]. tned s A
ftu , ,

-l c@n ::'* ip^:,


hiJt ,,:n;|tJ"
vcrl..ren
rltrrr€nt. Slo.vf ,^, i.,..r'ultr 1 +o y%
r+u' uxttr"oJ d
i*pedcdu u.rur: l '
ecn^,ttolle-d br
t). '), ^t* r"tailq'p'l n
ln^*t*h"',,
+The "t"af;l bxeotcdo:^nlr"tl.
dopnndh on oVollt[ I'
c!-^
P*nbo-"tqa 1Yt,-cl'-'
npre'nuve t i.,clhrre 5I "PP hed "oH*f
{Je^rffr cr'tcrre +pr.otarriol " d]. etedroderr
sllur,.{id;h.,^ r.^ +S"-r}.,eo *#alL;onx t} eltcf'0Ar,,
rr tr;eLd cen U., I cttf 0n
1.,
U
:

Tt!
.

rto{ozt
-l

+f"r.} nntrlolit?
i .

35rbcr"',6 Lhr d n
_+
v !
? l
"l
sot?"ld . T^!t i** Lu
^+.

prcrcf i.* *, b rood t; :"'

Clsoa,rl[red tnFo 5 €lzottPo ]'

rc OUon; c t"'tetoiol r

Jo .9tto-r3o nic +to-La-)'ioLr'


* Sy ntnl+''t Poltnotr'
noftlloLr a'6e- *hone t'ot^i Ch Cr ze p ro4crcrd
--) gTjo nlc No L[et o"d ot-{-
l3,orn trq&bl" o-r otf1t'"to'[' %**
hs.ue s,,,Yt L*'r ohdrcdeq '( LlCr '

be e ori! crdoplo
+ ry o.xe qooA in4 u[oto.t, €^ Ccur

bon 5lt-.t i,JI


* PP lia,-t;-' n
nl{enhanl c*t et el.ec*- r tc"'[ PouP*+u1
s Hor^re ., th,.et n *h c
'o- ! u:
d t-rJ ;+*' de to' ;o"*fu
rcr P; d h e

rc^d*ltrte exurdo Loooc' *bY trecrLrne


{ Truxe\ore , t"rfl o-u
*)tn"*llil ^*,?d *?tn-'' oil'
v
v
urihh Votnlnh- a1 irnpreS;'on€.
boord urar d rn
4 Sxorn\:ltr o'ro pcn-[ce r e] fl*
' , ccrpcorlpto €{ nt*t^,bu^t*::t
c,rbU^ p..C,oi
*i f\iduiati un[:lre #t lr.r@nic 'r[n ,,do

lro.,J@nlc
- ;p ft tcd Yt* is'e ( <'u'r" ) in
rr-ot e ho'{] ryU P-'"c*U
g t''t tchryt^ I cc pn'rhtl ort'rto rf t*:]"
*hl er ele ctr, c"-[' l2'r.
o
&so'c
c n unr d ] ", ele q,troc
x ,$.n P o^r; lflr+ 'ncdraao.l
oppi,r.-t io,^' n ole- Jlo{e et (€rclrni cr'

clil - *nrd btJ^.^::


+ th? qrrdt"t.t
i-"T^Hlnn^,o1^
d)t t$^t r o}euu
SA* t 4f c b((cL{^AJ* eJo
t n6u [*t o", r bush
Opoflu{o^rl,r gt thicvu Q''ot-t[len']
+o o,-f^o.fherriC
cr-''de"r Vo ttucl ;l i ou',n tl
P"brrrct-.r.rtr t"t;
+.L
Yuulr"e & PYe/aure

Prof.Amulya H G, Dept. of EEE, SVIT


+ r eY{e

m[ f
PoIJ '"'e^
-SUntb<*ic "
q

=E ;T*::"L
.'n^;'t;f;, ''"f"
"",,.
--o-.PP*"ctttr'r'
'sr iulded into
d_rc,^nr_J ,.nfn & et"o.r?t 1 ttu
t1"{^r ory<- ,ge.rrr.d[,
t* .H.$ thllu^rone*tnJ ptctlftc
thi.,,,"opl*rf;, ,bl"r' l€$li"*kI,
+or$rcrgh *-J^ :.,* ,|i :let{'#S
lo o - &o"c *1 ' O'
i n t+t! lt5
gr e'r tvq-de l'il
"o-T' "b I
,' bl:tl '
be tL* IJ ui d "ti
,
Jer^'tpcr ctfu'tQ x
e. &i-/.r
ttuu r+eL]r n1 Po rnf n '
be 1,ouc u.-od hr-6 hrn o1 n , sn-r,.[o l-"rt gf t
A
o,
v T*? CI.u * i &1.1 ,
&Pendn orL'+n'''' ubitth
ry thte-o ;t;;'?
uil
e ct;;* p+o o-T) "b
l'l.o ii(ltrry( '
mD p'eue nt
+n
t"
d ie\ed- 'ltr r ^ | ^'. I .. .^ MO{U;q|
c0-x i c'i ln 'ft^A dfel(Uri( |

L lqP'ld Uete
--)
i' n \to4-o-la .S[di-!
o *,lt**
:' firTi"o,, ;':u' ;f' i
"
on q
eopr lernenl
h€aj'b t"'*'F
on
?*;;' " I
.;
3*+
b. ,
d.,*-o.!-
t-porc\ [*o- +o olerv o t*o? ctvr
ttqpl d 5[o- +o
-) Te 5ul the
i nAst(fud qFicttU bl
^re
otbocKed CI-{eo {r r ." *:J
*) Hot".:eu€T dlnc'-du.-Fff ou^r( tho-I tbed
oJ prodcrc-ln .fh 4bq^ .Yr {h*i'
be sorne n
rrnc'',
'*J d +orit
o-n sotrd 'Xn"tch""' n"FpoYf E
t, oUeY {heiY
. r uo n
0,^\l.u,n l'rrecok.{6uon
n(oq lgctd tO- 'Sul [cru lrretoh do
o ue Y

sut,I Bt..l'Por*ri
* 3#tr5"* *;H**+,J"d.;ffi ,
ffij ;ri;lt H,,,',ffi r h:,
Tr., e p,u pd )ier. tb uqptl dtre[ectracr ln dude .
-Btut'.r0{^
)o e,ood dlele(*rlc
$ U3t '{c^'ot'ut!
:

+ u8n ]y^:--rff*
ry Louo ltt* Cent
)P Lorc -uu^(o^itt4
r

x €,ooA cr'ernrdf 's]ci"b;Ilb


y€vu[,t"^t-tvtt'uf-chcgrcLt]d'r[';cts'
ro )
+ Lo,^r d; Fd&dn [oef'rr
;cr oT I uar d
e'tecft i ccul oe
-i Llqp i d Di e Leclr
rr v * I ot fie'r'r I
'

for * i b) IrP
cc'rpo-ot,yr.r , F}u
r noc, Lcl- cc,b\o' ,s,;l_tre*^".
l
t\ Ttcrrrob."rrlerr 6 hD ;de elech icJ ;noulcr-H ua
*\.!ln \utr-d e', e lcrou to

Set ue w
oL eootorrt'
€'
A S*p"tl coronct
;)rt-*tNe,(l)hvLLr{ohcrueb€endeue'lclpeJohrch
Vro.uertoo'duerreenuitorn^^u!+dh.ct5clod.r.t"Ja1
il"'e{;c gdoo Q.nt' bsur '
Slh csn o fn :
96 n
I ncLld e
I

__) Ltqpl d n w-{ e u+d J votto-f, Rtrun*a


:*^.itd ql hm eqF f [crrur t }d
so- o Kv [c*-
6.t cpb sJ 6

D
oPerufud'
cenqf i nuo*lt
I I r^

etioaur- DieLec,tr't
ljleLcu'to'.-. t

^ rA n-ax6(0d? e rr,, +\9 t"torrl


6 lher Jc pxe66t't{ '"'
oLc
I
Qtr *^,
'c

i- trt"'
- ^V-*t^r-o
u
'
lnnu\od ion ' "J ^';; ron n' 'n
n
xpnt.
^dv'.nto^ innu[oltruI) "'B***T*1^^t::ffi
Cg-tT) rn-ctt-)
dJ +o 0d-[eO
p"o u'1^ . 1" "otl' ^::* 3cJro
forea
Yrr*elsalto"6#-Mut+thlredDnoLnu)ronentr"-l
*tktt t^ s^[fru'nll'
HeLnft."'' er;\ ''l'n)'*PPI'"'' ot-(rrl6'
to\qt ' bleokdo'sn u re

-H,8;' -* H;; J"* "".il"t.f, J:"J |Ltv't


i:;. uf,
ui+{oJ€n CNr) t,lect4 fne u^'Ld '*f r';qi ohAt-
1 J* , b A
it.A. Jne"u}nt-
prenbLqre beccl-ur* t{DSlclbi|'rbr
Ca..'ron--'recrC}iue t
q chernicdl ol^l
J.^r)
-,.";;;othtr P'dtt-I-''n*LofrtS Tcol,io ,,^, ,r---^*r
,- corLled
_"' freon)
d;ch[oride dLo.rror.,efi",on(
ur i d e
Str C 4 3u l\or"'tt^r ut""* [to
t!n^ in
vottcT )5YemL0re
-) Th-l- breo\rdot^sn@D th!
u $f.-, t. d- E"oLoth ni-^v1 t1
'
"-.*-'^
cl
q a^!4 depen den t b
;n. ele&ro d., *oiun iC ' ,
}^r-cr'l b een ^],:^--
d bQ a
4I-l o € tru e{ , 8 F6 3*
loun
tJ nl en u$'u% rnenlC hct5o'rdr'
co,t!!6 d
ho.t-re i*r, crp b }rn d
Jrreen l-r-o{e t"tt tccl(en
v so reer',ch *)-orK or'{vLrxfu"re t+^"rt
erstllhsble tuPLcLc!'"'enrtI; 34,r
[o .^ror*rnen { of b"'end ' D 2- $hotu J*
d
t
-) put,re iU tlroJen I cLlr isfu

-,Hil
.r,*d Y" ft#'h":"]:.,;rH'"il:
u-rt'y T:'';:,;'"
f tuif b-r(bo.eKero "5
'f-t;looncoperr I cir
eleffro-'' ilnntr[cr-h nJ
*'ted i *
.L '- \^ ^* Lto o n tt t-lv
trl v
f4.opetfieA
I --t U. @ ,,n,\porcY^f\4
und s< eclCj'^t

(tl Pg'' (},t^lt tot^ttr' *.t,?J


p16uJe,nrol

Pape, i6 * "t'J
*F tot''*\1.1
-; "-b\o--q"d but
,,,

--) Th0- trt nd tb F 1in ]&* {' 'J

"V':\
inn..r[ol rsT ?*Pu** r ro}t
-

qr o{ .l:
Pt'
Knouori- cr-6 t in. P*Pn" sno.,rcl-cl€t b+r icf
,j+ hou fi! btfu *'^0 ,
-ls High dieleu{^tr;c" -gtreiJ*r r

u!+,r" Tnor'uC con{*le u t


;
; t Hr- cn 'Fetd +cLl-t!
!
q, *3n d*rc.-bt L; k gt [or^c c or]
r0 ttg tr ,.n a ., Lct+ ,'*" t<rrtofru-tU cdhen doY

ry N.l.&rc l nry,.lrn ton H nt-uOun *e'r )x^r o lu re Y,tf.^


I I
BO c, Cfl. blx4 i'{-ct'nu[.tc{ut ,"r0
JI i( tu!-d in !1v pouoe^f
d cnt-r i bu'{ a s.,
et Lo tp t4*T '

^ro

[D R.rb]cer '
ru4,0./)Jrrat-tool_o|d1..,^*L.r-.|in+.n*{etlo-,(
L86o-B3o' vrR r)r aJboov
deueLoped dut*''.1 ur fi"r rn Dnt^ro I
d.lon r ubb#
Sn
vrni xed 0

"{ nc ) nd leod + ulltrr


,",Ltt". S.,-ch au, Z o't''"de "
o-n
I
i+ '
br+ q Sul[clu1
or, E' [t [t-e
O cl"Loxo-Lte"r' a |; c r
'

,9 t hov'r th! b"


tto* ^; r

+ elood drec[eClviG 81re?1h & MeCh!!n^'lcto'-[ Slttnqh' U


c*
* elood i nt.rlo[isn '-'otd- aerr'6 [cu,, 't
re O t Yqbte U Loec!t' 'thslt pcrte
-"'rtrbbeT '

+ R emrcrln tto-u e tl-et*iC


Dto-^"' b ttkl :
}uta. & tUh +tt
q I o.o l..tel}|?
F s+ Gb*., bn l.,l*o ro

? ot
n{
. \ - l- }l-nn lr pen
Lo p P*n^. ccrn *;
Atnth en q
r, gu[f hur
.^
LDDk*t-
^ ctttocle
n
f "
-ftu inngll*fter', ^:
COtotr"' Henot L'
6lro*r-gaa VfR
ttr R i n^ ul ,^l r o.' rnun I
;:ffi ,* e',rd usr vr
be *i-ed'
[rD MicqHrcc.r $ c[.-rn
fo +r^re 1(aeric "1
D*l"pp1inQ t{
Mint"*P si[ictqfu I
ol crqot"flin€
u
D cFLcd'qc{to,1}rct
h t{
nt
$e cd
fli "*,,*h G) ph bJB p,k elcgdoi ;a H-cLin
.':iP:
'I rprdot: lt,
) r-run;;
,.,)
c) )b ioh Le 6 )
(i
I
*t Tru tsnt,.,^*.r?llr P oro" 5
Tiu, o[3' r*?6l#1*ilff "
f, l't lC+ oarn be 8P U t i nto tuU "tr;n (9
.9+ qot CI-.r"t,1i.e Lc]nnbination
\tor+[or.rinct€.
d\ eLedrIc.r-[ 1"'oF];.a "uguch a4 h,tnJn doeLteCt-rrc
1lo*r dretletl-ulc lotr€n ) reag+X{r;o +b
.rl%n*th
Y-\-/
' .hq l^r- {ern lce"ct [u"v' s".J n tUO''
gt eloo d Mechom Bt
(/
t,-{-ie} i n tnryd b'- tl$n }*v*t
1 v ery fu_oe
\sntr
oo
P Flil"l ]o t f-^ oJ
_, l.ti ccr b ,l bcrr [* in Shee
^"::? lt ";
o'sutfedole ltrnn or vctTnirlh'
fiegelhel t'rith
U
-,bependrrLg. f,* ttL "b "PPJ:T,\;:;
t" ^*
ro *1 the of ercrit3 ;"[ Fencrl-u^e
il,,-,
Tfqp.lv e"tr-., f 'r , '

('rv) elttl-ao rioro.o.nic Mr&ilq,[


) i\ ,i,/r or-
\-- ;c
-!.,. it
""t):,")l "
Qtu n .ttrevT"plctnf
s3a'!e'rrL oaud'en
LerrrLP"'n'11 to-noylex 1
'|

d) ,1h v o.ffrcD }t*


-) Dre-Led r;c conr{o'rr-}
Q '&- tD oJlt-'
a,+ +0 r,o q ..";\ f'-X* bo-"
u'ui*u"n
V S' ^refroY" ua!
v,

4 /q+- /oorn ,/+^FYfur /'


e

q rY' q [o'^r dce'[er-f ";t toF0


c.
^6
'

J ,5t dieleuFri '*:-t1,* cotj* q bo.r ;nle'nnal-0-


)n unrcl \oi,
-l\Icr-Ao i n e.'e,,r r c' hrLbo )" e[eur-ronr c ] crLu <A )
su\:!or |o ino*Lo]trdlc ln et
fa ) Cctpo-*lq "r
*-r *U eq,pJ ptl,l,en

le[eP** ., ^ ,

0,r Pvc tFotu #)


et rr obterone{
..-u+ r.a ;l.r[o-ble fo*1l trt-
,3,rLin % ot"b len€
il*.t P'brrrer
'|
$+ hcuL +h-$ [oLLo* f 1.1 ChoTcr0to t f ;o )
r& Qoo{ doeletlr,.c
"gu.l3# rcJremic*lI rnerJ
to Lor 'ro t sn
)o Re 6 I aLct r{ 6

+ Nern hl$TodcoFtt -| e
{t^^\rpx.rlr,ae r ol-' n3
rol-ln. Of TS"c
(CI'n t
4, t tCXi ^^.r1,^,-, ",,"o,*,t "* }Xo'cAU"o

+ ,l uleoLv; oJ v '-o{t"t ! I ^ ^ [p,^r


Ut-,
c b [e4 o',,e d=l b
u^t L''^: vo L{ *;A €{

Pr cor
t3r'Ln q
ptedlLqrn vot{e7 ) d'e'-rneahc
gr. indurtrlo-!
Fot{€^ in ntcrltc'*ion^'
i) 8. ^ren ln r l-
Q Potb rt (
€p.t re^r n i sl^r
% fr't 3o*b dl

Te60n tentcl-inn epoab L'o'nF:*t 4 ..l.{aLlcr,*-[,


.-9+

the irnpor|or.4 tio inJuL*'l o"rX "*^'L'


1
eP"-J ru>i nn I^Lua e,
.x Lo"c Nto [e c^o [* t t^e t- tJ ht
ro S
"[b,*r+ffJr,.bh"ryJcul
4 |oon potoo" n'l c^a

+ HUn , be BP ed\" c lo'''


'.1n"LC
+ sru.ll e., I d re[et]r l( q '^^ucr' 1-" F tt e) '

Tlre ^rorlna huoe thr bott"*ut


"P..t
Lon6llfuenlo, r *:lY
r -,
u'.nJ"t,no q1"tl i Acid ear+ **r'^'o'
I '1", .
Q.

**t^i*f I $r,rov! forcde^' S; oe ) o lurn ir-riu'rn


Gl f*r \leo
otide A-Q"o i r ed oneo
,

s) co Io u? i aA 1u'' t- ) deo
'
I d"a
.r) To $no.r-or,^ +t",! llexiul I I 13 ' pob "i )
\ *'H I n- s'r'e cr-dde d '

ru rph; 4u' ' P"tJ


Pob .
D v o p pcr"cott,,' Tht
*"U, jna,""d
'P"^f?aLA,*-ocLr.)-be}.orrne.d'otoGntnou[qlfi''
F< t) ' v
:ffi ;;U-:[Tff ;
o[ S)*0 },o'

"r;-$,' .:]fl.^i'J n;" ;h:


C.to^;rW
flu- o -\ ,,\
].ff30^ini}o,.oor'.^o-1S+.t-tJiAalntootcJ
c. r lI
Ho" e't2er cohen *, h vo t'fay
p"rl
r-u nc{ ; .tt^ uLcutov , Un
' e-teClrod<tl
r'' crbbfred
,o6 bl.o fire A irnn'te-txed
--rForCrAeOLr4 ,,nedfurn
\n c'- qcraeOtla ) -the becet',* c( .3on
?1 cs+^ el,"c'[o itq'] brectk d ou':n occl] a ' K
CsnA *rfot
Tr"ue f"o Lc/n +hauL a're [l"t'**" -If
r ol>oniri ble

thr lar(cu'hclouen O1, o otr('


Lot
u 3*
[O $o"'mt i on bU collr^i en

[o] Pl.o+o - ionpat i.o-


Gr 0.,--,0*"'d '!8"3*tlon prot-rnoo '

-))\ Jon;lcrtoon
n ln^ h t'[tn;h
bO l-
,^.11 lxltl-nl-
-j-T; r',q ^ t--, - \
prh- dl .on
-lr*.r,tg":,"-
"h'"lrfrqrc.{ eLecfro", \"^ $
tb "
.Ji'nnu-t-r r',''r:v -- ' Itodt'tct;Sn
A^o.r\
J*' "','';:rle- tllJfh
qca.\ ..,nlpc,
*olet^nl'e-
..,
u-lJfh
in *tr. a
+tt!
?oni1o{ur'J"
I t)

r3.,gq"^ )a
?"ortiue
*^ l*'^ ff q 'J^^^t:'*rsn
ee el e el. o. col h Jer uol$ o-
e(
^olet'rlt n ecrtr
t .u

elect6CIn e[ :^ fl|
.ri iFi ue iorr '
qioe 6 { f Ae +rl a neo,
u
1fo
r--
t +q
t.Jhore ) q la +he c*om .1

ion q e-- ir +}u el<cino'


q+ in {-he Pon'fi'e
ul{"ro'v l* 1* 1

\u'1
cotr.crle
\r fr--0 n o"l e

->ru/l/
:l
qa6lenl Iiur'ni'l
rU
i^1
"t€A;,\-lOI
9 @1161 iiCe.r o Lo,^r ptenvre J* tOh*r"n in_ u:h;Cl-,0,n
€Lectrrc[le[d e io tPPbed o.(Tota a plone
;ro^rullcl
eteClrodl , s St"roLo?1 8n
bt
-, O*, el<fian Bl'orf ;",1 .1f th-t ccufhode .,stl[ Ue
.,c, a "^o'* bef 'o e€ n co[[i6forr- r uritri
m.-re
"l.otitra t'tolet''o-le'r d..r r;n1 : fn tycrruel to "ocrila the
othet 3-
-*no.ls .

_) JI +-he n*5J cel Sarrned *t,11 1J1i0 tvcr^rel u,o


collr"nioa' .x,r-uir *hev fon*\ ,#]t-llo! 'Yi'.h;(h
f., th-g. eru)..lq trql$'r < d Yo dr^ [o '11< orn e led ve-"
t;ot"dtdie" tol<ea
, th*/
'u
br* i -l ,r * to.rr,. Sheil
pLatr,
TK,,Jpu*oenbetn"l'Yt^e'''+edG4
e-+g e>vi ) e +Rtte-
-tsb.*%,*"e-[ecfoon.\)}od.'*d"-f.}h,4Oct*hode
t't trltro Y;olet
bq Bonne i^fe^r"'*-[ hnQon n
- :l ? eqa
iqt
i.n;;;-crn
u
tu .*Jhodelroni3r d'Fr.ul
orL--t']^
(J n V' r*"hoa t

fi'e iona
.o,+-x er
c. crddt li crnoJL e-ltct don6'
nl.llllcn
elec}ro^ n , +non , thern !u-,
l'oni rncl ke
-loroduclo3
_) The ordd r {ior,,*l
ne

gr tr^'ul +t"o l]ot"- tref'ec*r


)oni3c,lis,1- qof[tnio'nn
i frelI tl
e-le-W 04
on ind\lcv1r- fn *he
.--) Tt^rc tc\"o1"t' fo
u-rrdent r BrnL{'
-lbe fiuru ber
unl{ * irne
t e,,tet-tr ono r<cr-Ch In7

AJ reor l-er *hcrn fi'rot e

thl dttodt Per


*he .o6ft o ie,
betafed "i
tt
oLno Yacl-ch +he cceluae e{
TlLe \; ur Bsn^
q t'ue 'f d e- +O
-) b o-n boadru"nt
Pont
6'11
.th e cc.fhto de U
r)

crn
se(sndu'y tlrdrsn6'U
,(a)
\' ?uofu
'
so^3*fi-li- , ,arr G
o' f.^ -l eJ
su\oo('0c1-led
^, r Ar.1f uf t fh
trl$ fh tOn ; fcthOn
4 Tr'/- fhenor\nen
lon3ctt-J on uofu*t 'tht
l

iQ
bs rtnJ;cu-l i sn ry PhoT -
;lL.t*Jtern dL rctdt shp"t crrlth -'oLFe"
oc-urrb c-o:ben *l'r e ctrr)pun f
u^
:} - ert u
Pho to son
'31fr(b"
*.ffif-.,*ilr;+3T[:-,#
Ttuu'-r-
cr"
aq-U $euercul protvrnn 2]
bq o bnor be-d
'och
ol-toln \ u7
'"*,m
rcu d-t.th Con "J
,.to \e u^ler, , t*U ct'T(/

d\ -fh-r olo", 10 ct hgher "*91 $'-t'


t ) €rci fdtG,r D*
nu-or* nu* p tl on b3 d xe g[ eXcll c&tbn
Gl (p^D |i . dl drc"{orruiC
4 &he o-fo- 01" 4t n^ocDef,bb
;1" r.-* r. o^r dt'r e cl i on
'J "il"'' 3t'

tlsn rytf lon gqclr 6 tohen


'
<-

) rcI vi
-hi- clL ].r1 Lann] *h
ho're ) h i'rt Ptt*
c i rr +h9 ruLo d lU "1rU{tll ^*,+-L!
. . rdLubT)
\ iK 'tr'o '^vo-l:e[1el dta -tnci'Aer'-t
+\} *t'c- '

V I lr {r^re
ionS&'e'r %
$o :-
O E-egand*il
sr,x.,a*q @r,,,f"?'L*ih;ch d..og
$
+o

ffi,p*"ffif
i3al^riz n0
m', It"*'' q .ol[ ;
,fY**{Ghr;ahod
Ph"+"
- 0on tS-tdt', ' i
@l glecl"ro^ Omf a 6fon dur +o fo of ], u( Jo-
r'__-_____-_ L
__
F'
--)
^t
[i1re ion r 61)e dc!-r \-
fu ---,1
;on i]cllt'to-n | b
'u, foni loo'n"6
eofti niun ?ur+o - i2
^"- +^( U €L
ion3.S"b"U n Lz,
f {ru- cerfhode, be lrr^. r\A,?Ir,Xl,
PodJfcflT
a*tra , t-*U' tucu,el tourorydn
s t; ue I on o lFo*T t^l
* ts+bllt c ec'th'ode'
-) r*; e.n; on '{, el'e,1?u-,^'o * fh}
ca{rt Cctl,,{ A6 i
qcLthode
\o
uP l-c
7 3' u,^Eto+@-(- ; K rne{ ie "-gJ
u< fon I rr-o"ne\ ^ | .

-., Jfr tr^e


tg"'.i'
"',r{I I l>oniti
Bum o r f n Krne{;c nnoryil er *he fonX*{ion "o"Bf )

f o or"*[.- tF.on +"*u li.'o'


r''rork th\'t
tr-U'T .% -A
r{#C r ths.r ong e,Ledro" *rsrll be g*{O q

.gr-$nd o[ec[ns"' ."e l ll t r,,-t^u.'[ , t +h' ^,t: , v !_7

4 Th,) |loc.uvl io nuo6*-l-uJ CI4 ^$ I :n'"*,, "


on
edted tlr-t fo"cnoend "4 Sec-ondql -gon 3ott
*-4[l ctnt d.LL +o 1x' i ["'q S s''n '
{crr fu horto 'r
e) €lechsn €mtxlie" G rrl e+*-t,
To Cd-ull cLn e[e-a] ort t0 Pe "out'ucgrn €
Y ec to frerm
tt..'
-J
--
zno{}h eru-U-qrt *o
P+ Bl..ocu [d be it\Jen (Jd "*fl
- \
Et{rbcrL} r.o kr^Lr*-t" bot'fienf
in '}t^! b*-
,

r^^::^'* bo zupplred
o
*^ crtr "$
;'J';JP'**.,"*r,,ol"{ ts+ a';{oilole bq-uo ^

U'U ; ,r*F"[" sCIrFu oL(!rr^ *t


--) greclron er-'rl-oi on
-q-trndi{ro-' l"o-'-
v
1t^\! oo;tl*-l
h,d
aa rtefalhc
n
r\Dh e.( e I io the t^cor f, |t*^l-o{-l %,*
6[edaode,
rr.' f.u*-] Ju'"'^;**
-h il o.rt +f^o *lhte'd"ola
\tepr^g.
o-* 6jg B---=ygfu ata-lc[e
fs
-[ffia
gLedl

z\-----:_

'\^r
*{u,*
q
@

abli
Me{o
o'k'n- orr xo letlr Ie rA een e tc kd
-) (.,.]ho,\g
"f
0m( ,"6 ,rtt."l +J" Ctc-t) urrnp'red
Dcrt li.[r
L
;"f
fu +he L;).* lc-,-q 4 -Pc'\+;tfu
o''rL wdt^tf
'1,"0* tt!- l=tqfcd
t rcYs) ,

x '*n be
-) Tr...0 dt."toon i.npcd q, 9\"CY.O "rte{cmkrbt e o{om r
&rrl cr tr bq th.r Xtr; |.A
po%..r,dn4' +hLa*f *\
re1 t.." YC o*tl &'' t*f |:w n-| ro
ouel1 u}.nl e 't\! uo orl5 I*d i
t'*h
CI.n

n'lLIr fo.r-, n'o nlon+ eon'h sbne)ued


otbery
.,,t;orlc& lc o.*orn6 ) be +t l:$ti"ne tr?*ch +tu
q rcLk^d slod-,* rx +"0 s\o'f
b
ho' tn3-' tsDlot"t +^?
n#'o'6ion )
ccr-*hoda q cr:t-tJ/\L elec'{^oe,.'-t cc"*l'ode Btorf u
veu +o tl".e '

";oj*.q, ^-0-c\
tdJ 0[ec]'oen *tbochry i-
.-:hrcl" ef.c]oonn
4 r'* t r€ dltotft'rionn
P; t ': tY1*
-
qT'"' '"tt'n'Tj. -m^Li-::il:i".: 8''
T#r ff*^ d
d.-pe^tdo 6n '*h e
*) €lechan or-tbch"u-rrl Fo**
q t?* r.ol\-rt( 'b tt^g J* 'l

"r*rlJ %'" ,nlt-chen"'


inrula{in, ^
I Esrh- o^ O& t Cp"
-t Art elec-Lxicottl ttf'Fg ^
exh:bif tt\ri 3o/'
C&r , F{- , Qz-F6
' Sfe ' lttoftl
**.+ ccrrt be "e-F€/"t^nlcd
4 An- eLeC*oo"} ottotl^ Po*
cLd )
S*urn + L *r3C;,e .ilorrrit .-9 on'

-> t.)*. k'-t


Tt\e cnHcn-st", ^'rr^'t Pqt^ ,1, ItJ
-)^ro fe i n- ltu tb f ^\rtuLarv) ^ l et
Yew-o, *-0 ottTrort a
"*ttllT ern
, u-p lto-^ b
ion rld qc,,,
T
h:^ Qtoc tn terr o d

tn inou\.ntnd Burr* "f*, '


J*:
* Ib ocnlnsnd t/) qsXrerr* etto rc trr gqf -t i o-'t
*gB
- rYt'-
c-
tU
Jbr,s ttoe 4'/t

cotuode + (c-n r i&"r fto b e J-lr'e nu 'n hrY


01 alteLrono &nnf 4e d \"* J+1-r

h hen c)'ne Jtctk-


ulh
e4 -11 c|tr^.td., us

U .t/ SOrAtt
*tf, d r, .ol {1"t- cr "'*l.{ttttr- pcrt tid-r
& tve $ot," gL Qn e.le$t* crr(
t, cotli' iort '
o c*lLe/ S"-,,3*tlun U
to-rne d . ThO
Let :L 4ae- +1-u ov era-ff - beo I " s,o'3:11
-) qy orn
"el_e ch o.n
p* n{+rne-lfr ce
coflinio.nn "rcr-de
*uo^rel in thi a,'.11 i ert 1 6r"La
(

on & glf u[u|z


4 C depend"x l*n Po*-., fnt"*t'J
{ !A cattLea Tourn-oend u b ftt/l Jon3cr{re"
co-ebf'tl*
}

I crn6 rtq f6e


t ecL'r
cco_tr.elr
be fhr
o
.lt elee'f
- Let F[o
a^t cli4or-tql
' tt'
'bosnn-
c.tnu+
& l-t-orre-d- th+ro5
^
J \-Lt
. r- t
n
t
gle-ClroruruLoue+hrro*ll''+h-Ldc'n{o'ru-a''d''
,
d ,.,,, oleg+re,.'
iozr
^ atl +" co l[ i< ,

Frodu<Yr
dn :-oLn dr
I

Tl"en,,

-dn =- o{dY'
n_

,&nn ;dL + R

tr)Oril O.l-
J- L-:0 ) 11 - ft6

.[n no @

-(lol'ao h h-tl-. e$ Ct In o
-0n rL = dt 40nao
Prof. Amulya H G, Dept. of EEE, SVIT
-tnn- ,lnrLo : "1?t
rn t+ \) @

f\)suC 2L= d .,

J-
Qo
evd
I wrron*
c.trrr.n* in the
*n--S:P
ore , @ ffi \/
3o
r A
ull
t.Jhrct^r- i a eryr*
+,s +"" 1
ele$ron r -l^nx- -;^.

:"-t,T'
ilill'rq Jt-' Piu Seetsnd " . l[ bq' tor

lr = Io e*o
l.
t +h-L cq{+hode'
Lv) *-ili-r, *l-
utrr
&)he.rs r_oa_o 1"4 r r
"llcE^,achq^
^,* .
G\tr!-L
€-vd do t}t.tr Q,[eelte-"'
rat6 va.tu*tis4 t\ c-artrtot
Jsnqo{to-n - o ct;o'' dl vo t{{c' @qA
bb j.^ : cL\ ' [trl
Skrdued- b1 toqfnoend'
!)e ++n-df *he trrtxen I
-J -o.f 5"*Xa
u-r*^td P'o1'.'h*{
!orlo{;on dl f elyt T'*f
qtr
T ln

u vot'f 6 A {-t^.L Vo l+ -#
-
io ;n Uft-r-c}al d
[uu-c]ie-r, %
a.Frn otc^.f 1 *f I! r^c hig4
-ln d th en ^1-emcl i no
tmrt'rrp ond o +o tt^s I o-L.rrt,t { I on .

io trL0rsz"cd I*nthe" ) T lo
-l'b& I 4t''s ^toWoy U
&,rr +o
t \U.l*,rrn e,n
f:on
.^n|l*lL, t TkA io
ioh
iontro.*i o-n
O
.) .9cro I eiedxo'' C"t[ ,"6 .

Prof. Amulya H G, Dept. of EEE, SVIT


,q ge ce.n d o\)o-foon co -ef oh
f" forc rua en-d u9

irn o"F to. Scr')


[;u-l
cathLode PLto .t^ poz*<ur*
'elec]"ronn
i-pPtl ,.1 ini{rc*fon
dfochel-lp.*q b*
() ^a
gtJcfvs]t *'t bE e(ntLLud, b +hx uo'nbcrrd'u'nt
en't thr
rI\rr ccu$rcdi ' 1t^{
up I or, ('vL r L\''L.L
,^ ponlLi
d] ..,.,,,,,\l-[ rr g B orr '9cor [ctJ'J
L vD
.;b L- ln'- e--nn i noi
h,". , n n ^^ '
ot*d
ot*d oane--..
econt-ctri'nt
d<-\llr
$ di"-t a.l '

Knokgn 1
Fr o-n g^!- €cfr"ft€..'? 2

[- :- ro u- ud Ll"u $9 Aea'l
€rrL bo
we h-oLu e)
.9-n
+dr
(urr) *
't'rft

"[tL1o

cfroAe
J:P t*"l"'i+
.,,.r*rr e-[e s
vcrr,**,[- t F*U
in %n-llcl',* e
oe no*'ilo; qrlth Slo ):e 't q
t^,b 6 ar gfru,;i,"a
f
\t
J;^ 3 bn,^r,^' irr- \'3 '9[ b:]
,.nte.rt-ep t &^ To .n
i n hePt cDna+a-^rfi'
* ru €n e-
(enwt l'
thn sdl -
J
lct- w ;'idw
--'"oe_ 1
PT**en"'r- 'velecnr]
-i n]Lt{tton n aoQ
Su-n[crined drlcl^r-o-lqe !.
son Bo"bdd"ust-'
t-^-, ffi;tp- 'f
bo* qo th! i**bu" .P*ft""tL e.[etirona 're\ecg^-o d f"o",'
--) Lr+ be
- ro{i o)1 '
th' c*U-,f,u bJ th-!- trHro u ,o'[ot Ycrd

tet rt1 be t]re 19 t]., e-tecfr on r te leo^rd ]o'"


-) pooi[Yue i v^ bs*r bo"adn*rrL.
th.L ccrt'o4e d.," tc
Prof. Amulya H G, Dept. of EEE, SVIT
' *) L0+ rL be {he num bei On a
eler*ron a f ealCb;nq
1
+hs o rLode
$on5c,hen
ft
: B"f "J io TOuorLoend sem'Ldo3
.co-e\l^lutr
UU
nt,
1r..{11

tef
Let
efer.freFn

urrrnber
^ ^&1til6

e,Lectro-^
ed b"*
re'l-eo^'-d
b*
d1{ qG4
-o
caotho'4
^*)
Cno *

I U
:- n - tno*nt)
to epc'"L Ccclo T * "retecntd b"* $!
coTlo,po'ndanl
t'r e
at.u) tFr.q,re 3 t/I be ere€ po oli
t
io.'' e{ odd u/rDt nl

I..^ Tooi kue $or, -relewtu "$ e{foc+rue e,[ec]r o.n r

bo
* the cctth-o d'e'

.o. Qa = "0 [n - Lno + n+U


= {n - { e0 - ^9n+
1.t+
[t,*14-p = ^gn - { fio
rr+ [ t+'l ) =- d tn- no.)
ht: tn - rr")
-g
"V

l+ "$

eq,tet @ rn- c
rld
4'L + { In-no) e
= L- It1 )
ff= I t"l rls t{o-{no'g*d

no + Y(.; ofl::Y'e
dd

r+^t
a\
rL- n{ +vn so(d
[+-!
n t t-rl ) =- Q"+i") " dd
,rutn^D =- hoed +"!nedd
rr t-n ^g *
*d oJd F-

{n e
-- Y^tu

n I Lt ^o - t :---f}u e/d
"{| - rn
rl
rt1. "rd 'lo t-
^Vd
n : 'tQ \-
o/ (^[=
-
t+ { tt- e'(d) t --r) [edl )r

-
Bn 'l egrq5 c.u,.r.r€nt ,

I :' fo t-*d
r-t te*o- t)
/ :v

-IoLo nd end 0rt l-e.v t cnn o-r B-re ot kdoccn t H.ehou;r(


ury,
o-Y'- 'uJ I
T'
+ Tug*d
@r)
nolpot0sn to+C e'trrren* in
TI^l crbore .lut*'
ur*o€nrL e\ bre-otKdo'-€?2,
belorr
the J*p - p;;is.'* -lhe
be{c,o ee.,. Lhe '.L.a4rodn1 :d'
.__) 0a +hi_

ro inc;..r-o^!d the clerlorntncrfor


tb trrre qfg*
tendn, to trTo'
t - t (*u"-r)
t [.*t-r) ; I

40f
llunu u or ** [11 { "{d
U
Trur, LurTe.t t i n fh! qnode e!,Fq-|"a {ng Utfrcn,[
brr th-r- ex f.rrrrcn-l- e0tt-trl [ .
Prof. Amulya H G, Dept. of EEE, SVIT
*-) Theor I |i c..tt3 tr'u- (ttrren ts b(cerrrx4 f " l.,,in it*h
lol, qc trn-det
trn-der the o L o-., e
th e obo"ve rntn [ie-n <-d *lO {rH
rrlt n
Lcd>-e-,c
b"f^\)
tl ?+
pr*clic.rllq
,.vrnnllc*11,,
\'-t:* frr Ll"tri{ed
t".n
?: ,,ft *Yu
'
dI Tru zxten ncUl
,rk.r#d " iyud {
*'^l q Q
^
f*'''t' " -U
Po/I4itrt[g br fh e
U . ia .t-t^p
!^ ,1
fht otr( v U
,).f+*y dooP
,-,Qrrc def,rne4 t+\e te-'di}io-a
The c-endi{ien Ve/d-t
-) et ra f,1nown Qrd *h e
r n*J, nr.,t u
't3 % F "T
to .."no€n d'4 ert {J" lt',. bo' ho'rru-cr{-P-^ oz
bo J
Ie'r:K
6*^n end'vt
-t

Ba- ecrli dousn C^rt tel; o' 'l

*he orboue *l#ctliunn I 'hte


Lr6tnq
u
U 'r
.^^-arLlo
U'"*tT
r o k,
3 ctrnr d,l-f
otrr€
ienn )2odd
!-
,) 1/e-Jd =
*.
I
on iY4 I
% ^ '{\ orc
n*,^nbe,o ,l^':i:"l^^,:,
r't( (Ltc\rtIU,)
eleL'trOn tn
Pcr
crl.Ctl'ou
fr"re 3*p U , fttAot" ").
t, e *^rr (
- che * o-s'Xp,r.,-r ntb bX$ tn 'Yelultf
"ol
t
*nt *bte
c"thode t
i sn t, u-', LO;o^u d i1c1 {rr'

t0 r e[ eoa C ur^re St,eid-*-:l e,teC-t r." et o Qdl-r { E


e

* ,. peti'li o-" th& otr u1o'u th "-


I]ro
u/A '
$ i a *he"t Scrid +o be
th e- d'l rc"froLrnre
U1r-'. ar.cr-r'Lort-1e .,JL[ Bcra[crrn
seu_ suntcr_rntd *
;,:f;;*';;;l'b; -T: #oi":* r' ia

) *ne '*t dt+'(# ^9edd =


-T-he're
I

rerrr-ourd ' |o-re Len{l{lorn'


d+ne^ fh e tfrreir'old P*ktt
B

e) de*d > \

Son;3*tio-"' , bj 3 LsCCun ioe


H ere- ^f*dutld v
oruoLo-tt ch e x Lu,rn ., [q* 0L e ,. Tnr
n" BP*tK <uocJ"nuy

fUt'Iotr9 n l-to-ue rcrpidb 'bl e more "0 eua ercq-Ldr


Prof. Amulya H G, Dept. of EEE, SVIT
Unr? h4.
(/
o) deuo <l
$ett +?ti- ulment T ir not €d{ d-["'"o
tru Sou-r.ru ,*r^, e c-ur v"n l-
$ine -6errLo{C
g1
i,e ,b
fo uqru^ to b **
[} o.b let^r ',
+h"uU^}
,)+6l<o.de u.-!-ryYnL , nb 6o.u'Irc t't'-^ **: n*'
pLc,-nr ll..rruae TPI&" il^ tJ *
n rf
o .S Crrr . uJ he,rr. vo t4 /),
de

lo K v ivt o IrlD cJ. -,-


t
u % Lt

drt.g"nn l ng- {he To ,{)rcend \4 rc t n t e.n .9o


liv 3"+
co-{ t* o' urtrent 6o$t pr u:hen
I I , \b*" +o o' ch
T
f T{
*r.re dro.l*.*- 4 seF ro-t *{ lo t"d.rira
t L

A th-u )n '*"Pt c€nM+*'l- ".f 'tt^..L Pt*'i o\n,,---


,
6etd '
\rcltgql

.g!]1i te-t f L = 6oo$tq


To
_oL

dr- - o.sLlu d.= o'LCt^^',

. I = fo "6
[r{ ,^B o , ,{b.*.rl \,c-0-nsz: ,
Sert
g.ab o L;

Io e ots 't
6oo F
6o t= ro g
o't*
-o
Du.\e qfO b..r
UV
6)
o.f st
6oo : U
bo e0f
O.Hoa
Lo =-
"
l
JLn Lo = Ot rt e-

g, E o&6 : O'tto{
&ng*lt o^ cpfttn oo'l Ic(^r ,
.r) .9n- eLn --x t:tn + ' tn- ct Cert a-f Y t I o'td 'of
?^ U

Pao byd- *l*i**


f-f Lrrrrer*
..*:t.^l oq6
.q^ s's x.c I q
-<.sxr.f A **
o,-* *I Kr' CIt
SrTtJU'
o, r-( cnn -be{-.oetru -the pb^e
erLedtoa.
: i.:ril;* %,
Ll n f a aL t*-'*
4,"6{cLr-(1 'l-o o'l Ctw 'r"du 1 1
S.S Xto 9q - CAd,.OL"h *lne To'-rn*rrend"t 1*o'licr1
I onjcrL(\€rn co -e,l [r.r-sn t v.
DU
.,chen +hl qo b
Gr) 'sf +h-t
ou-nr"r<-d 'Jl
brecl.kdo'on nOt"uq^*' )11 ft'.!
,r^gc'Jt- t nal.9t0'rnj-cl tO e.Q eh^.
d,rr'f cu'Ltl
VcJ.lr.l_ q {,1
g oL: Tr.g c.rr? ren| J +t'u- o-no{e I r'4
S'ven
b3'

Ii) r =
?t)
3o edd
tl^s tn l'1,-o.0 Lor''I Y(O+
t,..Jherg t
JO ;,/)

O,tCt't't
dL= O.{Cm ^
d> -
Jr : s ,5X Ld8 A 2f &= 5'SN Ltr9q
Jr t E" .-/dr
T*1 Z o u{dz
Cd, - dz)
Jl e".
T-o
4- O/

8 v Co, It - o'1 )
5,5XLf _g
s' Sxrci-q
o o{O''3
to=v
{r
JnLO = 0,5o/ - forY
-f .6+6 Cl^-.
.

'{, _ -
n
J[n r-o

=l3 -^^ghen
t,on ocurrd
ttl brectKdo
^C edJ = I
,r?g1.6+bxorQ * t.
,, I =_
q,qT Kto
*r{

r"e
B-rt".59Lct-) in
gLeclro'.-eJd--l -n
J*/\'a,"
o-n e'LqchYon ?\^'a!-Ll

-? &ry oficl-ch
'^t^^j Ptu*', lq 1r: Ubo- *

bec-arrns "r-U,*tn"a
to cpto"., o O-r t-toleetr

onn s*[eJ CI fi outkrcn.^*0.t, cot[..o ) &n6 .

neQg-,[.rue i
J g-Le.ire,.r, aHoch .odt dr-leudx on tt'
- t{U P'fou^/L
n-tb o1' Jr^s nlecl'en er notttc $ ths 0*o'(o' -r

*)'l c.[z |too sF)


4F'^{ + e- --J t3*lrue .-[sn '

J 4&o-ctn,..ur't PvoL,zYr it-t^ ^ 1^ T!, Ye^


.:)';'+or''i
r ota rn ths ^,"*"'{ % bf" :"u ^ kroT on

rob€q @q o'uc tn {e"trru p l-; o. u*'Xo' i 4


ion;1d Wa
t nl{ t.ir^+
qs./r J[or i I cl""raor'
\r
&rlt-L - V ut"S**i?* t
plK e po ni fa ge ionn o,te- |oo rru-cs6iue
-)
+o pro ducr iont6cl-[ io^ 4.* +o Colbntcin '
6

J Ottcrch'*o*f gtorenbr an tl,budi" -t b ""*ou;n1 t


.l.ch orn a 1pr,J ch stfulus i re tdJ !0 uurvela
$"-ro"cfb
8l

errL acrnue
?:fld'il.'*.,':
-ro[e *oJ col[ediyf ^^:yT.*;{;f,Lt'
l'u," J or"'" ".
dtdl""^g"
"1,
.qnn^oon c.tt.cx ^u-ut oo** eneo.on [€nrqd
-t fr^l no nt
) Hc'ue or n e[<], en dt.cf I .,
J
[qJ [; recf Son,
oil.crche;r to * or Sttti u e

bot
Ab +e '-) .BB
(9@deth**tr- t'toleculq gptl-l i*to
Lt.^re tr1
thie* ts-nrt lfuent oh*a E e[tcftone3o{.ue *lo'., [o'o*d q1
n3cr{l ue .Tn.
qB re +b
-)Ao)UJe4n . c", q $*"ottxbo'''6
nt--3', q*d* [rtra Irryeon '
CI-'rq
t.le 3u-
-o|..c}'longcttr
tlJ-'u-re Sao.o th
tl.l;th 8utch qorurr tfu
,'!o t-o*noerrd "n q
l.,'.1*A* ioniSc't-ire'n
e$rcolior) ir r"41,5r.d
gto"cht u''.r t '

{n *tt*sns-^rt thi co-e[broent ttl fr o,"btTo CItr,,


v
t0 ol @b nwr, kn clF[cttn
St^,t;[o'r , %r "'?
une ce'ti*tt
toltr6ierrrn mo{e 9f &ne- eltc'bro" 'lvr 5? 1
-Y in thr dr'recf;cifi Ch il^c lrletd
u-'r^rrt"'t recrob in,
bndeo *heoe *-,a?{ iono ) +d-q'
tfu- cotrod g Cen be- tr-eri Ltn'-t Qfr,,

'
r=f,0 I n ll^r-r\ | |

1 - I"t dal tterP L/-nJ d ! -rl 5


Trr-e- fot^rnnend breoK do wn c"rl I eT f sn fott er*utht"?
eryct{ i 23 denoruti"tr"'t"'
.

srn cr-:^: be dedud<a 'J


Scvu^ rt1'r
+o Zeoo
{ *[.'P(v-n)d-t] = l

11 '--
fvtlor1
dL Toucn6eqfl'u1 fkl-o
^,
A--t
^
f-l^?fc!-)(ronl U
hlechr-ctq;Arn) rlfberl
ol)P\red to
To,^cnoef)d'"n
v
b-reclKdor,cnq}o-t*oo|rherteprernuveLlJo^\o.rr'd
;-l*r. tettol n d'r octr n"clr-r
. I -ltt.
,,

otq!-1ry 6
c!-n G {eouLt 1^
(, Tt\s ulrteut !'tototh f totua {oonoen d a ' b"-f i n
*'5'
l'l:*
r"on;Nir:Ern Plou^^
o u oreu'Kdoan ,;lk *il*b uc€ "'u
ra ly*d
b*t
+o d"{
def"nd
peGe
e{ 'i 5 tt'o fl. P'
o-. d\e {oD frernute 1eo"'r'e{fl %
O) -fr.e vechco.oforuq Pq4ed;Gt Lr,-te t%r fl 'h*
orde.r
n Gdarail btee(Kdoqerr ctrcvl
to-s dleo , urhlle I l]rcLG:LO,
*'r' tt
otrooue{ fu @$,l' d *t 5hot -} a
"' i
oo&o to I 8gc
"\ r r J^ r^a
+t | .r^",, +ett
be f,rto'-eo
I gloo , +lt d;rchcrr-5'a u)e.rrG bo"''{
q. rxYg3ulor-
l[egr '1"'',o{
^ lreo K do.on i-
Ti",ue
v. tj
I

T tv
AY
vollo"6 ee,fLopre.
Vottflo
Juo

Twt€+
1 Let V5 c =thi- rrr@X rrrvtr.otrA ryo-LlL^ 1;_ ..0.: "votlay
b
crpp\,,ed o Le-r,X. {o",re
+o Lolt^l bf{aKdo'on er
bu" %
fouen 3* F cr S{'} vo $o''
-'--) Le1_ -fts Sor.ur 3*F b<- S'hieckd -F J
^,qj.* & \y)Vu d^rr.rl*o"o Suth'thof
^

t ?QqL
'bx eqvd'o"on ln ti,u'u 't''
flp
0l bueo-[<do,,rn *n'o F*b *,b**t,T tb
- It*-y
-;J^rfur;
-r ,
b-necrkclo€4 sYo.^la hori(- plauo
''^i-nn , tu +h3 .gkf
J<rhe'a

;P t- vo L{cr-51- I'c'd5'rl} '\6ed v '


cc nu bel*r<pn +ru- *hP t; tortaor
Tr^s [fiere -t-t,,,^-r- d:

eL vsu@f, s"lr[ld!"*t +-o ccu-'./\.c- bvecrkd oucn eL {e"t


q Tkra l rrnQ o[feutlu
or* 1e**..r* \ buQltkdoi-cn tlret[, '
f-6 ,r-0fud 'H* -{-iwrr- Lo6
d+ Loqd;qto % & to'nnpo'ua-'-tto )
On'e E'/t th! + i^r-r 1dcl.* €[oP u* duryf ^) n* (;)
vofto$- *tYIr cqfuo" bvUL tL YM"ub A' *lbi c't-n Q t"+o
Ccu.slL blr<tK dcicd n gL
v' +hi a pfecr-x-ttru- '{r.ll- t?,'{ t.udl n,
t'at! {r^'te"l
ele c1'r enn f r cco-f f ed- t+"*e n\ ' ,*5 Ltr )
%o
Th\t
.ul b'
q .t
_I-r.o o ttuu 0\r.) +\_!- * orry- TQlliI I qd \or thi
o Le.^^ +o derue L" p
srr
toldoi on b*t! fu *r,," +h,
i ".
Po
bneq" k q) Y1 ths 3* P U ,'.,1 F noarrr- a\D *h e
a, *
"h 171 C t+
;"ne
!o.r ^rCI, I t ) de pendr o')
tr;^i
a
z
Tn.
Stc rnf lor-Q_U ,ql 'ptu'enL bd"ieen
8ougcr-tIVn
C,t Erru Bp^-tount $ fe-
q.*b.
-ttu- ()a
G) s'*'ob 0*F
,[ 6ro er vu i
fl*X- Cv - v o) O-PP he'C +o
[u) Tt\L otk\l0\'t-(lT
ru J*P'
*{ru e {t *r
,r^fic['t.^\n t.1 +
o-T)

fu- [.or r^,


!:'O:*tF*u' U

t\t ht*hir\ '"A n


l-;oeo-Kdd
I
f$*^&"n'" Louc l- q{'n Co I ["fl q I n
brect- k-4 o
TkL totqlqsCnd'+

l* J''"lr .lli-r)ntl Nt A{ o'rc {+L' f,trtt} to-n 6

tha Ccr^eLll otl


uJ herq' ul)

q ?L?
i, q I P
: *q C€/P)'
E.^0
d a"^0 I rl , eor1.^,- O
Sqbol'|.{tt fh
1Cuo $ e

e".pIpd4r telP)]-! = |

4a el[
f,or Lrnfb** \rrtd e=.\L tlrar,"fo re,
u' d
)
t, th) f [."p fPa+' L'tpd)J -1 J :-r
-@
coeen' ll
Trub on BM
? oer o s., be{ a[ YeLqf;q
"Aocul +t.gu brectkdocnll Vo t+0-|4
Pa €L irn pL'on +l"tcrt
Pd V Qnr e'rr . K l^Lot'-iro 15 ,fi"{ o

VOril e Ga t+'LQ 7"odrut


Cfrgrr- 4r fuJz ., 6( @n t'.:ri[e
rro-tu-re \ tsr-^
"f 0
e.F-d$rb-, @ 0-6

v- + LPd)
[o*
ucp*tr-^o-c t'6 h nson cl_^ FootJ^'e'tdo
t LLl-j
bef'"-r€e'n 1/ q
Tl\o- pUn{-l-r e n )..,rt QtIrrv e .-J+
{l.ro+
""[oS-,-#
f.-/L See rr. fi cl-t
th!
P d' tl'rr SlLoq)n in b't vtr fd lo not [aneot q
lrzldfub-nhap be{"oeen
ho/t 'rnlDl".,*r,^* V*0*
\o'
U
"u gc^/)'

Vs

r ^ I
l\
\\,/ ,/ I

L_V/ iI

[vs)1^r:'.\-
LJ I
\\ I! |
,

Pd' L1orr
- c- )
ffi*,n
f Qt \i q/\a,t' "
Pd
fi

'o-
TI.Le)fu/+oj.ru-bl-{.i^lyrrt,crfl'H]}]:,1>okw[toJ;. to6 t
or-:
,*rln!e -t^ , , .
t^i [t'"'"$ ft1t"
g"ocrron.1,.4
(l?l)u*i D , etecJr ern d cruoddinT
0l Fot v o1rura q) Fa > 6 i o-rr v "-l i$h
fhn Jo P r"'ror K e4
tno+( ("ueayent coth
' (Pa) ntr r^I ) b.-d l-llt
*r^,en "b
trl,,, rn-o te,*1.4 be+de€a
J*fq:, i;".1 colli o i oiT 14 [q*t'I ' He/nu
JU(
+o Frs,i,-, +i., {tu- deo r6d ra^go[;o-n 1r-o-re ^'"Lfoff
+0 be ^ cr P Pted
hCIa
io" < (pd)*r", r e leoFuo' n,, -*U *":.,,
[;j *r+u."rJ Pd "auut1 -
cr ,oflif ien o- trr-okrT l'e"o
!" e ^^*k;^?
.,-
t,tl , Ftors lotl*-y
rr fi4
- d.. *1,1.ror'u-nd , Hu^^tl
rL
\corrV be

n pP bn[
E&rl'r'
bteEbd sq) lD
-'
' \"-u
ir** IrU** t ? cq--tr be secn +h'd , ttt hgner

pa vo&*n ) +,'L ryott.uy\ ] rr- ab-?'ru qor/u.r) fo


rarea!-kclo"^on
be gul;itJ
-10 fgrrer *hc*r +tu ""1"'-"e ilt
!ou'd t +h" E'culr vo'tuov: % Fd )
!*..l[., B*F 'b; un
On qvder luo 4rrtkq" {bq,
oreLour't-l
1Z tdt
,,,
thl po4chrALr,r tcq.ue- fq .^r"^oJq .l
+*pelofu.re 0
0-r'r V
=_&!4
ro +l'! deuc i a^ )-'lc tet^olp '
r^rt^ery e u ! % ?
th'i
1lL.r4 lo q(coetoca\ , [<-cturrvt th-0 ft-Y % JfLcr r
Ck*rrq,., "rl i th +ril,rpe"o ofu It r or-caord;u, to Wt,
J-
'

Pf|: ijl to"x


arherre I \/ io -th! "u o Lgr"'^-t % J*
T ,".A 1et^,.lreo u*<r r e

R i'l [an dtcurt


o-rr AXF*it^r'ur|o-[
rr erT * l-{ r I tl'!- lc veq k d o,^l n
Dcrrud cn4 cr- po.: t-L *dion n pa
,b c+ir i r, ex fc^rerru-d b
,"

qi,
V : &L{,8.& [tt. *l + b,o*Rryl rJ
?n

L -1soTJ L 1co

St a6o -tooY olqg'K )


'1
xd J + 6.o[ &q3^ -tdo x a
>_
g5 x%6
V= &_tt, aq -----------:
lto lryg
{uJ ?o x Eq6

e 3l_
d

F" lcl^.
*g# grect Kdo .c n in uon-u-nl[o'm bt.,Lan q coronot ' I , ,choxqt
V

*r rb f*:f"cftt '-,"^,'*^
*
lnc.,uoar i n a,to[{*# ctc r-o Ar or J
*
P ^ASY $:r
pzoctt'tu': n',,',u -

,,;il;;* , rhrr rt n b-fu,r- 1ec'dr" +o Lern P I( k


ro n' tI +?.0 .l* ["
"drotlokl w-r ,t &n
t,c-rll|,u"*
, ,^,. \ cr r i'oulclu ...ry
_] Btlt tb t1..9- 5l.tj- j" nen.r o

rLL '51n^L c@u l cL dr.n ci'*}4 in fr"'l


f rr- vo[{o-y
t*-r
trlr th n i"-f e lea-*r ; c
inti'
trc * t't yo 'q
]g^ PPu*
tl'o',lyl,'\ ,:1.[,,*
e c-ur':o :yL
' s v'r {**il,y
fhJ eleCtrodul ^
et-r
;;
[tno) , d ivr.h"rxu ']"4 eolfud ,
ot co'ronq(
T.^r-4 b** "b
o tYtff.-* w) n" tb - suato *re-d el"e'ty' ,
r ur d.bnned

n iCh
' tho -tho
drocho-r'Xr i 'oh trt"1l
ouel q *ti o-n % dat{a'l'r-u
t4 Locc'.'t;*n 6tlJ 'f
+t1r oL"t{x odo "
[orn
in ".ape"r:!t* bor.,.po..n
__) oe-d0-ncj. v .q_il"^.*
,\ po^rl, ri".^ uoitr' ctrnnrru,nita*x-r-t-a
inle.ulerenu L;e b\'" &o H5 +D &o K '
t-15

hnta {6 co-r ffnc-t b*oy*t"


o ? io ro f i e-r, q ix not*ho-l
-;;;teadn *u
Tr^rb .r , o
&ap..r
dl- t}.J tb'' uord rn-q,. } q'
rrd- octrg^ b cc-r^ po<rud r r-ho't
Ln
^

re1 u

gr +^r i o'"' dl Y*t


i#.n "-ci
*"# -ttotho-${J aec6u red fu p"o duo,
a.rr "n-cd
bU od eo^t-
[or ,
v o .to_3,
gr r

T^9 Qbr ** q ce"'d,rto" scgl'b**


co-fer,.,-G i1-r
v;.,*cq' olc u:^'" \o',,
c&n be * FP
roru'^^o\e|'6 3
^( or 6

ryCl) p*ooL["\ *''* %- "tudlun'


eo = a"-a ft t$l ,!,, \

-OJ.r.cil- ,6 L,.rdn"* ulho xe in n€ f, nd"i


U
tt hcra c^
co^rti| Co

lu.r T oLr
ec = 3t rnd [t + t'3"e1
L \F.J
I

-tDhLr9'-f- ) M .- StAlecr i t'rc3rr,*:,,b lcoc-[ol .

a ir dn n u,tl cJor.cl st,


U
I
d =
t
-Yeld*ti Ue
l^
\t6
d= o , 3ct &_b
,lsltaf* b cttcor-c, -c ptt-a-Ui q
i n Vo-o"r
L!,4 thJ fr".r*r,
+, l.n +h.,. , W perafuve in oc

vul+cf # B-re.l K do on
Lo r onct
i rtuPt?on

i'\
1c"P dF>o
aia6(ivr-9

l'r[o)Borrkclc;irn q (oronct r^@*tt*:l:1-^lrJ,


v----E----l- ?|

\ a'ilf#
Drcsqrrrlr" S\,here 3'h 1'o*trU
Slhe,ru \ the co Yoaq I rru\cl:o''
Froq tr+ur arbc ut e I 3hotrrx
\r 3er-r orrou-fenn! ^t'
.bteCrKdo.nrn u. tt;+ {. -
J?Y P[cul .t1.}
A tt iJL u tj"r J{c
foorn $.- [r.1.* un? 6 lcreqh'loorr
€{ breoR
0n zone r'" , 1+* \t:to Ht
.i) endr rQcltll : +h! JfP 3\:od n5'
vo Hostr de f . T
(.,i) SnLonre .[ r 1l^,i sptr,'l-?
!o it"+t':L; , $tt.l uo L+'T
t1^1

Ic ;4 rLo' tlt.b* et +r-.r bxeohdo@n


e Lech
the\reLJ daoroefe''r q +hlSpctAg
r{epeqd} B-,^\ both B1"nt*
I

t'I ' ths [rel'd t: rler-r -con;]orrn et tt&


[,,)t Sn 2 ern-u
*ffr dnq" Q p r .sQ t-rol4 ed o"b
n t:r eCllde d
bxeot(Coof p, *
.b3 tn, gp.drfl , Lo-r o-n cl inc{> f rs", voftont .nq'n
b
dipr.^a^ *' t'o'' s [' 'i'
* n
:l
nn e]e r
'

Prof. Amulya H G, Dept. of EEE, SVIT


To cru +u- \tnn i lchd'l - u\ To.n:nt'end\ur
d corne-
iheool ) Rcreth<t r MeeK q [oeb tn&pend"it! ' \":d.rc*d
-h,9 s{o€clrn(tr *he*J in toh rOn P Second'{ii"{
\/ I *T^ E ]''"tecq
i:"3*+coi
, ;"["S; re .,[f o \t.-, ?
eletlvoi'' D
A i <r it'd"h*it'tt "b i'
\ lo^
Roe+het gL 11eeK Pno P?ud'G* +t"*1'
c'hert 'th e
'
t\r ssfcun' Crlft6c!-
coroL*t Che in 3c^P lecrcher'' 'tff
exlsl"*\tJ^ o'1:pLtd
+fi.,- @rrqbingd Bpoc-o
oh*u.
'+o rnle''i ^bttt',"-o
fre\d
e Lecd '':'0.:'1 , ry:f{'d"6"
*h,e 3*
In F*1 $ 1*o g'
cquclr'nche r'acd
\*The-re i.n 'rec.s'rrbi..ofrb-o
^11'* t \$Ut i
-re a,cr[tlnq rn , Tne"o.dio.
0 rnL,-u"or., - q".;e^oo-fu t*O*"U^,
"Lr^ry*.'o.f, ":":t, .tbe
fxo*ons tr..J
Tr.yx ?l.t{I*n6, *pd'Y fi't
puotc ,."i*t-* in {'c 3e(9v2 *"'J
'tn[uenu eLedr[.1i. ra d.rue\o [,
, %qs Bho@n in
;H;che L).."n'
" C"thode- tve -V€ Anod€ r

t-'
,-l

I %l
,re
F-1' \

c4*n
&ce^,rdcn^r1 au.aLauathe boo^+gl!
*5t* , , . o., L*', 0 !"r""0{.iF ^r fi rn
',h#,Cnjt*|.:]:;',:WU
^ o^, F.o- ,
l(qara(is *b'-'l r
*+r-o-E'3b
, 0"-'fl5
n""tr-,uo 'y.L*girnt,.bo* +hl !-heern€7
d.ueip P"d
&n ""^ PYtT^ l-; "
SlcrtK cti ler'"crrr % ,* , t*t'-t- !
o{ Lc = \ +.'i 'f &" T-g ''[nft,t) 'i

Prof. Amulya H G, Dept. of EEE, SVIT


tfl he"r e Q-r r-rr +hi t.*d ta0
|retcr
d.*r +1t s)-o * F{1,
tr eo in th e e r- Fer cr*\t;
" PP
Lr ecf
1rr
ef d, ur
lrcur*|o'o,otcott ouoL*trch e. irLfu thr
^, N)OuJ
b""
Sfrecrrne{ €r = €

o{ )(c -- [a'+ 1'tnht)'


Fod c, *nib*: !'"H";#,;-*::-xl1l,^::tY ne
tr,r o
t1t-' 3 {reorn€d
th*-t the trc}rr^ +isr-r
V*
G^ro. [ot cr,q
f

"^..#ptro''
gtr eclrner Occr-tT A .
*he O^ia[tu'rCh e hcn *f
cr)hen i
+0 @€(rrn+ -rht d* P
c r : rned h s$rc€*oe+ ' .^
(Co'''o idn" rc= d)
n\

. ,. T'\-L .o-boue i+ Ci on bewrqg' ,


'1 +[n
t1 td)
D{-d = Tc > d 1 "r.ti'n inn uhn
c'!-I ttt*
uehen th<- c^r$\t rneqhaun i r'n in b-'otr-\h b
breq- kdou)'' b..1
ltrecrrner S-Y \Ip"i
-fh e ' ,g'dlt en ftc - d 3*o)
r 'tt"'.!
sbout .
vcilqu%,d,+OPooo*:lt-,QcJLrnQYbveclKclooD'
-1L$ ficwr
pteeK s53rt^i T,9 i+*'b"*
-n*4ru-Q'
e fu stJec. rneo tcthe'r | '**
^ ta on
o,,.*[.rch spc't-t ^:nt
chca\qe
o"u*f fhe P::'+:::
\reld oucntouth c 'o*o-lnn *o volqq ?, thq otdet
d,ufro-.n
$erfernc'tba'pll.\t'O'H(5[o'oedu+'''*tthe-*0* *t3 tta
,t +f-u ^r-odrcrL |reLt Qs{-L be ob tcr-r,^1s6
']
I ern
ex pr et'o
_J oc€
"{ r_
?*
\-0 - S, 3 X tilt vo L{l lc*'
G/ r)Y"
c'nxrliur th'
tPhith trre
uuhg"re
ta' irr +hr- d;o{oats t n cm
hc^ [r'oJnu*d gt il io +|u J* Prtnou'r€
Prof. Amulya H G, Dept. of EEE, SVIT
Tfrg nntnt-rrttrn brecfkdotr.r'rr yoLleT o(cuo,,t='qr
1L:d , Q C,r= €. Bcobrhf"ttg {+rexe vctLur4 id"..,u.
cr-bou € ' ectlrcrf ton ctfi,,
:: + o(e(d
E S.3 XLo
[ot F)'1'
Tak inq -l-n oTr both Stdevr r ae hop< '
U
0n€ aP
e !n: -lq.s t Jn.{- *i"P -! I"+ +'(d
.!-n P
.,, .tn (rtrl = -rt,s + &n tv p) -r ln H + {d.
T1e u*Pe.rirn.'fo-LL; deter.nintd v*!"-a% *lf A ft*
gI
v
u-,^,td{-o So|ue h"L( o'bsut
co^urur):er",dtn1 ,:"aJf
q).cth"; -"t b trl o.L €L Qttrot Ne{hod'

Prof. Amulya H G, Dept. of EEE, SVIT

You might also like