Unit 9- Motivation and Emotion- Psychology Lesson Plan

Grade 12
Subject Psychology
Faculty Ms. Sonia David
Unit Name Variations of Psychological Attributes
Overview/Sub- 1. Introduction
topics 2. Individual Differences in Human Functioning
3. Assessment of Psychological Attributes
4. Intelligence
5. Theories of Intelligence
a. Theory of Multiple Intelligences
b. Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
c. Planning, Attention-arousal, and Simultaneous- successive
Model of Intelligence
6. Individual Differences in Intelligence
a. Variations of Intelligence
7. Culture and Intelligence
8. Emotional Intelligence
a. Characteristics of Emotionally Intelligent Persons
9. Special Abilities
a. Aptitude : Nature and Measurement
10. Creativity
Timeline
Materials
Needed
Learning i. understand psychological attributes on which people differ from
Objectives each other
ii. learn about different methods that are used to assess
psychological attributes
iii. explain what constitutes intelligent behaviour,
iv. learn how psychologists assess intelligence to identify mentally
challenged and gifted individuals,
v. understand how intelligence has different meaning in different
 cultures
vi. understand the difference between intelligence and aptitude

Individual Differences: Individual differences refer to distinctiveness and variations

among people’s characteristics and behaviour patterns.
T&E
Situationism: Situations and circumstances in which one is placed influence one’s
behaviour
T&E Different traits can exist in varying degrees in an individual
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCSVsesVLAo
A
Individual Differences
Assessment of Psychological Attributes
Assessment refers to the measurement of psychological attributes of individuals and
T&E
their evaluation, often using multiple methods in terms of certain standards of
comparison.
Psychological assessment uses systematic testing procedures to evaluate abilities,
behaviours, and personal qualities of individuals
Domains of Psychological Attributes

Intelligence

Values Aptitude
T&E
Domains

Personality Interest

T&E Intelligence: The global capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use
available resources effectively when faced with challenges.
Aptitude: An individual’s underlying potential for acquiring skills.
Interest: An individual’s preference for engaging in one or more specific activities
relative to others.
Personality: Relatively enduring characteristics of a person that make her or him
 distinct from others.
Values: Enduring beliefs about an ideal mode of behaviour.
A Exploring Values Worksheet: https://forms.gle/VpfeX3Miszxg5Tfg6
Assessment Methods
Assessment
Methods

Methods of
Psychological
Assessment

T&E Psychological
Interview Case Study Observation Self-Report
Test

Systematic + Factual
Standardised
One-on-one basis In-depth study Organised + information
measure
Objective about themselves

Assess mental
Record in real
and behavioural
time
characteristics

Intelligence-
Binet: the ability to judge well, understand well, and reason well.
Wechsler: The global and aggregate capacity of an individual to think rationally, act
purposefully, and to deal effectively with her/his environment.
T&E
Albert Binet Wechsler Gardner +
Judge + Understand + functionality (how do Sternberg
Reason people function when Modifies + Shapes
they are intelligent?) Environment

Theories of Intelligence:
Psychometric Multiple
Approach Intelligences

Gardner's Theory
Binet's One-Factor Spearman's Two Thurstone's Jensen's Sternberg's
Guildford of Multiple
of Intelligence Factor Theory Theory Hierarchical Model Triarchic Theory
Intelligence

Psychometric Approach:
a. Binet’s One Factor Theory:
Binet’s One-Factor Theory: Intelligence is a general ability made of several
different abilities.
 Direction
Reasonin Compre- Self- Intellige-
of
g hension Critical nce
Thoughts

Binet’s One-Factor Theory: Intelligence is a general ability made of several

different abilities.
b. Spearman’s Two Factor Theory:

g-Factor
(General
factor)
Inborn

Intelligenc
e
s-Factor
(Specific
Factor)
Environment

There are two factors which determine intelligence

c. Thurstone’s Theory

Word
Fluency,
Spatial Verbal
Ability, Comprehen
Perceptual sion
Speed
Numerical
Ability,
Inductive
Reasoning
Memory

Intelligence

It is not a general ability but several clusters of primary mental abilities (functions)
d. Jensen’s Hierarchical Model
 2. Cognitive
Competency
1. Associative Higher order skills
Learning
Output similar to
input

Abilities operate on two levels:

e. Guildford’s Structure-of-Intellect Model

Intelligence

3
dimensions
Contents
(type of Products (how do
Operations
information we process this
(Behaviour)
) information?)
Auditory
Cognitive Classes
Information

Visual
Relations
Memory Information

Spatial Tranformati
Information ons
Retention

Theory of Multiple Intelligences

a. Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Linguistic Logical and Spatial Bodily Musical

Mathematical Kinaesthetic

Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalistic

Intelligence is not a single entity but different types of intelligences

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQdhxKKIsMw
A
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
b. Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
 Intelligence

Experiential
Componential Contextual
Intelligence
(Analytical) (Practical)
(Creative)

Metacomponents Knowledge- Performance

Acquisition Components
Control + Monitor Encode + Combine Execute
+ Evaluate + Compare metacomponents

The ability to adapt, shape and select the environment to accomplish one’s goals
and those of society and culture.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_7YDHtTURI
A
Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
PASS Model:
Interdependent functions of three neurological systems
(Image)
Individual Differences in Intelligence
Nature v/s Nurture

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxGrdXP5cSo
A
Nature v/s Nurture
T&E Twin Studies:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BTYCv1ObZrI
A
Twin Studies
Assessment of Intelligence

T&E
• We assess intelligence with be measuring mental retardation.
• Mental Retardation: Being two mental age years below the chronological
age
A Normality Curve
T&E Variations of Intelligence
• Intellectual Deficiency (Mental Retardation (0-18 years) =  adaptive
behaviour (Adaptive behaviour refers to a person’s capacity to be
independent and deal effectively with one’s environment); intellect (<
70))

Types of
MR

Mild Moderate Severe Profound

(IQ=55-69) (IQ=40-54) (IQ=25-39) (IQ=< 25)

Intellectual Giftedness: Giftedness is exceptional general ability shown in superior

performance in a wide variety of areas. Talent is a narrower term and refers to
remarkable ability in a specific field (e.g., spiritual, social, aesthetic, etc.). The
highly talented are sometimes called ‘prodigies’

High High
High Ability Giftedness
Creativity Commitment

Characteristics of a gifted child

 Advanced logical Superior
High speed in Advanced level of
thinking, questioning generalisation and
processing original and creative
and problem solving discrimination
information. thinking.
behaviour. ability.

x`Preference for
High level of intrinsic Independent and
solitary academic
motivation and self- non-conformist
activities for long
esteem. thinking.
period

Types of Intelligence Tests

Types of Intelligence
Tests

Verbal, Non-Verbal
Individual/Group Culture-Fair or Intelligence Testing
or Performance
Tests Culture-Biased Tests in India
Tests

GMA (Jalota);
RPM; Koh's Block Questionnaires in Bhatia's Battery of
Design or Rubic's vernacular Performance Tests;
Cube languages Draw a Man Test
(Pathak)

https://iq-global-test.com/
A
IQ Test
Culture and Intelligence:
Culture is a collective system of customs, beliefs, attitudes, and achievements in art
and literature.
• Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development

T&E Attitudes Achievements

Beliefs Customs

Culture

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8I2hrSRbmHE
A
Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development
T&E Technological Intelligence: Persons are well-versed in skills of attention,
observation, analysis, performance, speed, and achievement orientation.
 • Intelligence tests developed in western cultures look precisely for these
skills in an individual.
Intelligence in India:
 Intelligence in India: Buddhi (connectivity with social and world
environment
 Emotional Intelligence: Emotional Intelligence: the ability to process
emotional information accurately and efficiently.

Cognitive
Capacity
snesitive to
context and
discriminati
on

Entrepreneu
Social rial
Competence Competence
social order; Facets of Intelligence patience,
others' hardwork,
perspectives vigilance,
persistence

Emotional
Competence
self-
regulation

Emotional Intelligence (Mayor & Salovey): “the ability to monitor one’s own and
other’s emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use the information to guide
one’s thinking and actions”
Emotional Quotient (EQ) is used to express emotional intelligence in the same way
as IQ is used to express intelligence.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEBFZ0U7ZZI
A
How to Master Emotional Intelligence
T&E Aptitude
It is a combination of characteristics that indicates an individual’s capacity to
acquire some specific knowledge or skill after training.
Interest: Interest is a preference for a particular activity; aptitude is the potentiality
to perform that activity.
Aptitude tests are available in two forms: independent (specialised) aptitude tests
and multiple (generalised) aptitude tests. Clerical Aptitude, Mechanical Aptitude,
Numerical Aptitude, and Typing Aptitude are independent aptitude tests. Multiple
 Aptitude Tests exist in the form of test batteries, which measure aptitude in several
separate but homogeneous areas.

Independent Aptitude Tests Clerical Aptitude, Mechanical

Types Aptitude, Numerical Aptitude, and
(Specialised) Typing Aptitude
Aptitude Tests

Differential Aptitude Tests (DAT),

Multiple Aptitude Tests
the General Aptitude Tests
(Generalised)
Battery (GATB)

https://www.aptitude-test.com/free-aptitude-test/mixed-aptitude-test/
A
Free Aptitude Test
Creativity: Creativity is intelligence in motion.
High intelligence does not mean high creativity

Creativity Tests

Divergent Thinking Open-Ended

Creativity tests came into existence to assess variations in terms of the potential for
creativity in contrast to intelligence.
Creativity tests involve divergent thinking and assess such abilities as ability to
produce a variety of ideas, i.e. ideas which are off-the-beaten track, ability to see
new relationships between seemingly unrelated things, ability to guess causes and
consequences, ability to put things in a new context, etc.
Creativity and Intelligence: