Professional Documents
Culture Documents
College of Teacher Education
College of Teacher Education
LEARNING MODULE
FOR
ASSESS 312: ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 2
_____________________________________________________
WEEK 1
Overview:
This is a course that focuses on the principles, development and utilization of alternative forms
of assessment in measuring authentic learning. It emphasizes on how to assess process- and product-
oriented learning outcomes as well as affective learning. Students will experience how to develop
rubrics and other assessment tools for performance- based assessment.
General Objectives:
Each chapter in this module contains the principles, development and utilization of alternative forms
of assessment in measuring authentic learning. The units are characterized by continuity, and are
arranged in such a manner that the present unit is related to the next unit. For this reason, you are
advised to read this module. After each unit, there are exercises to be given. Submission of task given
will be during your scheduled class hour.
Assessment is generally defined as the process of gathering quantitative and /or qualitative data
for the purpose of making decisions, whereas assessment of learning can be defined as the
systematic and purpose-oriented collection, analysis, and interpretation of evidence of student learning
in order to make informed decisions relevant to the learners. In contrast, assessment for learning
refers to the use of assessment to identify the needs of students in order to modify instruction or the
learning activities in the classroom. Assessment for learning is formative in nature, and it is meant to
identify gaps in the learning experiences of students, so they can be assisted in achieving the
curriculum outcomes.
In practice, most teachers use traditional assessment methods to assess and evaluate the learning
of students in the classroom. Traditional assessment refers to the use of traditional assessment
strategies or tools to provide information on student learning. Typically, objective (e.g., multiple choice)
and subjective (e.g., essay) paper-and-pencil tests are used to assess students. They are more
commonly used in classrooms because they are easier to design and quicker to be scored.
Another alternative method of assessing learning is through portfolio assessment, which pertains
to students’ construction and use of portfolios in a purposeful and systematic manner in order to
document their progress in the attainment of learning targets. A portfolio is a collection of learning and
performance artifacts by a student and is typically accompanied by personal narratives and reflections.
Assess 311 ASSESS 312 Assessment of Learning 2
SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page - 3 - of
20
The use of a portfolio allows students to document and demonstrate their accomplishments in the
classroom and proved opportunities to the learners and their teachers to evaluate the progress in a
given period of time (Tolentino 2009). A portfolio assessment also allows the assessment of students’
learning processes and products/outputs in a comprehensive and integrative manner.
Other alternative strategies for assessing learning are assessment of non-cognitive learning
outcomes through performance rubrics (for psychomotor outcomes) and rating scales and checklists
(for affective or dispositional outcomes). The use of rubrics and scales may also provide opportunities
for using self-assessment and peer assessment, which allow for a more comprehensive assessment
of students learning and performance in the classroom.
ACTIVITY #1
Discussion and Exercise Questions
Directions: Read and understand this module. Provide what is being asked. Write your answer in a
long bond paper (Hand written) and attach it to the last page of this module.
Tasks:
A. Use the table provided below to develop a matrix of the difference between traditional assessment
and alternative assessment of learning. (25 points)
---------------------------------------------Nothing Follows--------------------------------------
LEARNING MODULE
FOR
ASSESS 312: ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 1
_____________________________________________________
WEEK 2
Week 2
Emergent assessment examines how and what the educational program and instruction are doing
to address the needs of students. The assessor should have no preconceived notions or biases
regarding learning outcomes or instructional goals. With this model, assessment is more qualitative
and the assessor uses multiple methods to record all data accurately and determine their importance
and quality. Hence, categories emerge from the observations of the assessor. In this model, direct and
indirect evidence of student learning are both collected. Direct evidence refers to tangible and
compelling evidence of what students have and have not learned, whereas indirect evidence refers to
proxy signs for learning that are less tangible and less compelling compared to direct evidence.
Developmental assessment, on the other hand, focuses on determining the extent that students
have developed their competencies from instruction. This model adopts a pre-test and post-test
methodology to collect information if a student has developed or improved after instruction. It involves
a comparison of what students can do at different time points and or different contexts to assessing
learning outcomes based on students’ development rather than a final product. Assessors should have
adequate knowledge of how a skill or attribute develops so appropriate assessment strategies and tools
can be designed.
Authentic assessment is the most popular model for alternative assessment. It is an approach in
the assessment of student learning that refers to the use of assessment strategies or tools that allow
learners to perform or create product that is meaningful to the learners as they are based on real-world
contexts. The authenticity of assessment tasks is best described in terms of degree and not in terms of
the presence or absence of authenticity. Hence, an assessment can be more authentic or less authentic
compared to other assessments. The most authentic assessments are the ones that allow
performances that most closely resemble real-world tasks or applications in real-world settings or
environments.
The following can be used as criteria in determining if an assessment task or activity is authentic
or not (Silvestre-Tipay 2009):
ACTIVITY #2
Discussion and Exercise Questions
Criteria Percentage
Content 10
Organization 7
Grammar 5
Neatness 3
Total 25 points
---------------------------------------------Nothing Follows--------------------------------------
LEARNING MODULE
FOR
ASSESS 312: ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 2
_____________________________________________________
WEEK 3
WEEK 3
What are the different principles in assessing learning using alternative methods?
There are many principles in the assessment of learning using alternative assessment or
nontraditional methods. Based on the different readings and references on these principles, the
following may be considered as core principles:
1. Assessment is both process- and product-oriented. An assessment gives equal importance
to student performance or product and the process they engage in to perform or produce a
product. While traditional assessment methods are focused on assessing student products or
outputs, non-traditional or alternative methods like performance assessment and portfolio
assessment give value to the product developed by students, as well as in the process students
have undergone to develop the product.
Assess 311 ASSESS 312 Assessment of Learning 2
SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page - 8 - of
20
2. Assessment should focus on higher-order cognitive outcomes. For assessment to be valid
and authentic, it should require students to demonstrate their knowledge. However, the focus
should be on providing tasks or activities that would allow students’ demonstration of higher-
order cognitive outcomes (e.g., creating, analyzing) or skill (e.g., creativity, critical thinking). The
use of nontraditional or alternative methods of assessment like performance assessment allows
the assessment of both lower-order and higher-order cognitive outcomes in ways that are more
authentic.
3. Assessment can include a measure of noncognitive learning outcomes. Traditional
assessment focuses on knowledge and other cognitive learning outcomes. However,
psychomotor and affective outcomes are also important learning outcomes, and there are
learning targets that are noncognitive in nature. Hence, an assessment should also consider the
assessment of these noncognitive outcomes. Nontraditional assessment tools like rubrics,
scales, and checklists allow the measurement of noncognitive learning outcomes that allow a
more complete and assessment of student learning.
4. Assessment should reflect real-life or real-world contexts. Assessment tasks or activities
should be authentic. The assessment should closely, if not fully approximate real-life situations
or experiences. Authenticity of assessment can be thought of as a continuum from least
authentic to most authentic, with more authentic tasks expected to be more meaningful for
students. Performance assessment is optimal if the performance task to be demonstrated is
similar or close to what is expected in the real world.
5. Assessment must be comprehensive and holistic. Assessment should be performed using
a variety of strategies and tools designed to assess student learning in a more integrative way.
Assessment should be conducted in multiple periods to assess learning over time. Moreover,
the use of both traditional assessment and alternative assessment strategies and tools should
be considered. Nontraditional methods of assessment (e.g., use of rubrics, scales) allow the
possibility of multiple assessors, including the use of self and peer assessment. This ensures
that students are being assessed in a more comprehensive and holistic way.
6. Assessment should lead to student learning. This means that assessment should be like
classroom instruction. This principle is consistent with the concepts of assessment for learning
and assessment as learning. Assessment for learning refers to the use of assessment to identify
the needs of students in order to modify instruction or the learning activities in the classroom. In
assessment as learning, assessment tasks, results, and feedback are used to help students
practice self-regulation and make adjustments in order to achieve the curriculum outcomes.
ACTIVITY # 3
Discussion and Exercise Questions
Directions: Read and understand this module. Provide what is being asked. Write your answer in a
long bond paper (Hand written) and attach to the last page of this module.
Tasks:
Example:
Principle Illustration of Practice
1. Assessment In our practicum course, we were asked to prepare a lesson plan then to
should reflect execute the plan in front of the students with my critic teacher around to
real-life or evaluate my performance. The actual planning of the lesson and its
real-world execution in front of the class and the critic teacher are authentic ways
1. Identify three core principles, then describe how a current or previous teacher demonstrated
in practice the principle you selected. Share your insights on how your teacher’s
assessment practices allowed you to improve your learning. (60 points)
2.
3.
Criteria Percentage
Content and discussion 15
Grammar 3
Neatness 2
Total 20 points
_____________________________________________________
WEEK 4
Week 4
What are the learning targets appropriate for alternative assessment?
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives in the Affective Domain describes five levels of
expertise: receiving, responding, valuing, organization, and characterization by a value or value
complex. Table 2.1 provides an elaboration of this taxonomy. This will be discussed further in lesson
4 on assessment of affective learning.
In terms of educational objectives in the psychomotor domain, Bloom and colleagues did not
propose levels unlike in the cognitive and affective domains. However, other scholars like Elizabeth
Simpson (1972) built a taxonomy for the psychomotor domain from the work of Bloom. In Simpson’s
Taxonomy Educational Objectives in the Psychomotor Domain, seven levels of expertise are
described: perception, set, guided response, mechanism, complex overt response, adaptation and
organizing. Table 2.2 provides an elaboration of this taxonomy.
Bloom’s taxonomies of educational objectives for affective and psychomotor domains are able to
provide teachers with a structured guide in formulating more specific learning targets in the classroom.
The taxonomies serve as guide for teachers in both instruction and assessment of student learning in
the classroom. The challenge is for teachers to identify the levels of expertise that they expect the
student to achieve and demonstrate. This will then lead to the identification of the assessment methods
required to properly assess student learning. Higher level of expertise in a given domain requires more
sophisticated assessment methods or strategies.
Learning Targets
ACTIVITY # 4
Directions: Read and understand this module. Provide what is being asked. Write your answer in a
long bond paper (Hand written) and attached to the last page of this module.
Tasks:
Example:
Title of Lesson: Performing descriptive statistics using SPSS
Instructional Lesson Content Type of Learning Sample Learning
Objective/Learning Targets
Targets
Outcome Related to
the Lesson Content
At the end of the lesson, I can…
students should be able
Knowledge define the different
to demonstrate the use A. Review of
measures of central
of the software SPSS in Descriptive
tendency and
performing descriptive Statistics
variability
statistics
Reasoning
choose the descriptive
statistics needed to
address a specific
Assess 311 ASSESS 312 Assessment of Learning 2
SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page - 15 - of
20
question
B. Steps in
Skills
Performing
Descriptive and show how to obtain
Frequency mean, median, and
analysis in SPSS mode in SPSS
A. Using the example as reference, complete the learning targets task by supplying the required
information on the table provided. (25 points)
---------------------------------------------Nothing Follows--------------------------------------
LEARNING MODULE
FOR
ASSESS 312: ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 2
_____________________________________________________
WEEK 5
Once the learning targets are identified, appropriate alternative methods of assessment can be
selected to measure student learning. In terms of skills, having the required skills to apply one’s
knowledge and reasoning skills through the performance of a behavioral or physical task is a step
higher than simply knowing or being able to reason based on knowledge. Hence, skills targets are best
assessed among students through performance-oriented or performance-based assessment as skills
are best gauged through actual task performance.
In terms of products, a student’s knowledge, reasoning, and skills are all required before one can
create a meaningful product or output. Obviously, product targets are best assessed through product
assessment. Given the need to also give value to the process of creating a product, performance
assessment is also typically used vis-à-vis product assessment.
For affect or disposition, a student may already hold a particular affect or disposition in relation to
a particular lesson or learning target and such affect may change or not depending on the learning and
instructional and assessment experiences of the student. Affect or disposition is best assessed through
affective assessment or the use of self-report measures (checklists, inventories, questionnaires, scales)
and other alternative strategies to assess affective outcomes.
Table 2.5 presents a simple matrix of the different types of learning targets best assessed through
alternative assessment methods.
Across the different nontraditional or alternative methods of assessment, teachers can expand the
role of assessor to other students (peer assessment) and the student themselves (self-assessment).
This allows assessment to become really authentic. There are also other methods or strategies for
alternative assessment, and it is up to the teachers to select the method of assessment and design
appropriate tasks and activities to measure the identified learning targets.
ACTIVITY # 5
(To be submitted on Tuesday, October 6, 2020)
Directions: Read and understand this module. Provide what is being asked. Write your answer in a
long bond paper (Hand written) and attached to the last page of this module.
Tasks:
1. Select a specific lesson for a subject area and grade level that you think you should be able to
teach and handle when you are already a teacher in a school. Using the DepEd Curriculum
Assess 311 ASSESS 312 Assessment of Learning 2
SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page - 19 - of
20
Guide for the subject, create an assessment plan for student learning by formulating learning
targets that can be best assessed using alternative methods of assessment (you may focus on
skills, Products, affective, or any combination of these learning targets). Then, propose specific
non-traditional assessment tasks or activities to measure the identified learning targets. Use
Table 2.8 for this task. (35 points)
Table 2.8 Assessment Plan Using Alternative Assessment Methods
Subject
Specific Lesson
Learning Targets
Assessment Task/Activity(Alternative)