CHAPTER-10

GRAVITATION
 SPRING BALANCE
• A balance that measure
the weight of the body
by tension of a spring
• Least count of a
measuring instrument
is the least value of
physical quantity that
can be measured
accurately using the
instrument.
• For example,
Take a spring balance whose range is 0-25kg. In this
scale, you can see that the 1kg is divided into 10
equal parts. Therefore, the least value it can measure
is 100g which can be found out by,
• Measurement=1kg
Number of divisions=10
Least count=1/10 =0.1kg or 100g
• Hence 100g is the least count of this instrument.
• In the similar way you can find the least count of
different spring balances of different range.
Link : How to calculate the least count of spring
balance
• https://youtu.be/C84X_sH7E30
Back Exercises contd
13. A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of
49m/s. Calculate
i) The maximum height to which it rises
ii) The total time it takes to return to the surface of the earth.
Sol. u=49m/s h=?
Total time= t1+t2 = t+t = 2t
At max. height, v=0 acceleration=-g= -9.8m/s2
v2 – u2 = 2gh v = u + gt
0 –(49)2 = 2(-9.8)h 0 = 49 – 9.8t
Or h = 49 x 49 /(2 x 9.8) t = 49/9.8
h = 122.5 m t = 5s
Total time = 2t = 2 x 5 = 10s
14. A stone is released from the top of a tower of height
19.6m. Calculate its final velocity just before touching the
ground.
Sol. u=0 h=19.6m v=? g=9.8m/s2
v2 – u2 = 2gh
v2 – 0 = 2 x 9.8 x 19.6
v = 19.6m/s
15. A stone is thrown vertically upward with an initial
velocity of 40m/s. taking g=10m/s2, find the maximum
height reached by the stone. What is the net
displacement and the total distance covered by the
stone?
Sol. u=40m/s g=-10m/s2 h=? v=0
v2 – u2 = 2gh
0 – (40)2 = 2 x (-10) x h
h = 40 x 40/20 = 80m
Net displacement = 0
Total distance covered by the stone = h + h = 2h = 2 x 80
= 160m
16. Calculate the force of gravitation between the
earth and the Sun, given that the mass of the
earth=6x1024 kg and of the Sun= 2x1030 kg. The
average distance between the two is 1.5x1011m.
Sol. F=? m1 = 6 x 1024kg m2 = 2 x 1030kg
r = 1.5 x 1011m G = 6.7 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2
F = Gm1m2/r2
= 6.7 x 10-11 x (6 x 1024) x (2 x 1030)]/(1.5 x 1011)2
= 3.57 x 1022 N
17. A stone is allowed to fall from the top of a tower 100m
high and at the same time another stone is projected
vertically upwards from the ground with a velocity of 25m/s.
Calculate when and where the two stones will meet.
Sol. For stone-1
u=0 h = (100-x) g=9.8m/s2
s = ut + (½)gt2
(100-x) = 0 + (½) x 9.8 x t2 = 4.9t2
For stone-2
u = 25m/s h = x g = -9.8m/s2
s = ut + (½)gt2
x = 25t + (½)(-9.8)t2 = 25t – 4.9t2
Add equation 1 and 2
100 – x + x = 25t + 4.9t2 - 4.9t2
t = 100/25 = 4s
From equation-1 (100-x)
100 – x = 4.9t2
100 – x = 4.9 x 4 x 4
x = 100 – 78.4
= 21.6m x
18. A ball thrown up vertically returns to the thrower after 6s. Find
a) The velocity with which it was thrown up
b) The maximum height it reaches
c) Its position after 4s.
Sol. a) u=? v=0 a=-g=-9.8m/s2
v = u + at b) v2 – u2 = 2as
0 = u – 9.8 x 3 0 – (29.4)2 = 2 x (-9.8) x h
u = 29.4m/s h = (29.4 x 29.4)/2 x 9.8
= 44.1m
c) at t=3s ball is at maximum height. In the next 1s
s = ut + (½)gt2 = 0 + (½) x 9.8 x 1 = 4.9m