FIRST DIVISION

G.R. No. 184823               October 6, 2010

COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner,

vs.
AICHI FORGING COMPANY OF ASIA, INC., Respondent.

, a taxpayer must prove not only his entitlement to a refund but also his compliance with the
procedural due process as non-observance of the prescriptive periods within which to file the
administrative and the judicial claims would result in the denial of his claim.

Factual Antecedents

Respondent Aichi Forging Company of Asia, Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under
the laws of the Republic of the Philippines, is engaged in the manufacturing, producing, and
processing of steel and its by-products.3 It is registered with the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) as
a Value-Added Tax (VAT) entity4 and its products

On September 30, 2004, respondent filed a claim for refund/credit of input VAT for the period
July 1, 2002 to September 30, 2002 in the total amount of ₱3,891,123.82 with the petitioner
Commissioner of Internal Revenue (CIR

On even date, respondent filed a Petition for Review7 with the CTA for the refund/credit of the
same input VAT.

Trial ensued, after which, on January 4, 2008, the Second Division of the CTA rendered a Decision
partially granting respondent’s claim for refund/credit

In sum, petitioner has sufficiently proved that it is entitled to a refund or issuance of a tax
credit certificate representing unutilized excess input VAT payments for the period July 1,
2002 to September 30, 2002, which are attributable to its zero-rated sales for the same
period, but in the reduced amount of ₱3,239,119.25,

, petitioner filed a Motion for Partial Reconsideration,15 insisting that the administrative and the
judicial claims were filed beyond the two-year period to claim a tax refund/credit provided for under
Sections 112(A) and 229 of the NIRC. He reasoned that since the year 2004 was a leap year, the
filing of the claim for tax refund/credit on September 30, 2004 was beyond the two-year period,
which expired on September 29, 2004

In addition, petitioner argued that the simultaneous filing of the administrative and the judicial claims
contravenes Sections 112 and 229 of the NIRC.18 According to the petitioner, a prior filing of an
administrative claim is a "condition precedent"19 before a judicial claim can be filed.

The Second Division of the CTA, however, denied petitioner’s Motion for Partial Reconsideration

Ruling of the CTA En Banc

On July 30, 2008, the CTA En Banc affirmed the Second Division’s Decision allowing the
partial tax refund/credit in favor of respondent. However, as to the reckoning point for counting the
two-year period, the CTA En Banc ruled:
 In relation to this, the reckoning of the two-year period provided under Section 229 of the
1997 NIRC should start from the payment of tax subject claim for refund

In addition, We do not agree with the petitioner's contention that the 1997 NIRC requires the
previous filing of an administrative claim for refund prior to the judicial claim

whether respondent’s judicial and administrative claims for tax refund/credit were filed within the two-
year prescriptive period provided in Sections 112(A) and 229 - YES

Petitioner further argues that the CTA En Banc erred in applying Section 114(A) of the NIRC in
determining the start of the two-year period as the said provision pertains to the compliance
requirements in the payment of VAT.28 He asserts that it is Section 112, paragraph (A), of the
same Code that should apply because it specifically provides for the period within which a
claim for tax refund/ credit should be made.29

Petitioner likewise puts in issue the fact that the administrative claim with the BIR and the judicial
claim with the CTA were filed on the same day.30 He opines that the simultaneous filing of the
administrative and the judicial claims contravenes Section 229 of the NIRC, which requires
the prior filing of an administrative claim

Our Ruling

The petition has merit. (IN FAVOR OF COMMISSIONER)

Unutilized input VAT must be claimed within two years after the close of the taxable quarter when
the sales were made

The CTA En Banc, on the other hand, took into consideration Sections 114 and 229 of the NIRC,
which read:

SEC. 114. Return and Payment of Value-Added Tax. –

(A) In General. – Every person liable to pay the value-added tax imposed under this Title shall file a
quarterly return of the amount of his gross sales or receipts within twenty-five (25) days following the
close of each taxable quarter prescribed for each taxpayer

SEC. 229. Recovery of tax erroneously or illegally collected. –

In any case, no such suit or proceeding shall be filed after the expiration of two (2) years from the
date of payment of the tax or penalty regardless of any supervening cause that may arise after
payment

The pivotal question of when to reckon the running of the two-year prescriptive period, however, has
already been resolved in Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Mirant Pagbilao Corporation,44 where
we ruled that Section 112(A) of the NIRC is the applicable provision in determining the start of the
two-year period for claiming a refund/credit of unutilized input VAT

The above proviso [Section 112 (A) of the NIRC] clearly provides in no uncertain terms
that unutilized input VAT payments not otherwise used for any internal revenue tax due the
taxpayer must be claimed within two years reckoned from the close of the taxable quarter
when the relevant sales were made pertaining to the input VAT regardless of whether said tax
was paid or not

In view of the foregoing, we find that the CTA En Banc erroneously applied Sections 114(A) and 229
of the NIRC in computing the two-year prescriptive period for claiming refund/credit of unutilized
input VAT

The administrative claim was timely filed

Bearing this in mind, we shall now proceed to determine whether the administrative claim was timely
filed.

as between the Civil Code, which provides that a year is equivalent to 365 days, and the
Administrative Code of 1987, which states that a year is composed of 12 calendar months, it is the
latter that must prevail following the legal maxim, Lex posteriori derogat priori.50 Thus:

Under the Administrative Code of 1987, however, a year is composed of 12 calendar months.
Needless to state, under the Administrative Code of 1987, the number of days is irrelevant.

Applying this to the present case, the two-year period to file a claim for tax refund/credit for the
period July 1, 2002 to September 30, 2002 expired on September 30, 2004. Hence, respondent’s
administrative claim was timely filed.

WON THE JUDICIAL CLAIM IN THIS CASE WAS PROPER- NO

The filing of the judicial claim was premature

However, notwithstanding the timely filing of the administrative claim, we

are constrained to deny respondent’s claim for tax refund/credit for having been filed in violation of
Section 112(D) of the NIRC, which provides that:

SEC. 112. Refunds or Tax Credits of Input Tax. –

xxxx

(D) Period within which Refund or Tax Credit of Input Taxes shall be Made. – In proper cases,
the Commissioner shall grant a refund or issue the tax credit certificate for creditable input taxes
within one hundred twenty (120) days from the date of submission of complete documents in support
of the application filed in accordance with Subsections (A) and (B) hereof.

In case of full or partial denial of the claim for tax refund or tax credit, or the failure on the part of the
Commissioner to act on the application within the period prescribed above, the taxpayer affected
may, within thirty (30) days from the receipt of the decision denying the claim or after the expiration
of the one hundred twenty day-period, appeal the decision or the unacted claim with the Court of Tax
Appeals. (Emphasis supplied.)

Section 112(D) of the NIRC clearly provides that the CIR has "120 days, from the date of the
submission of the complete documents in support of the application [for tax refund/credit],"
within which to grant or deny the claim. In case of full or partial denial by the CIR, the
taxpayer’s recourse is to file an appeal before the CTA within 30 days from receipt of the
decision of the CIR. However, if after the 120-day period the CIR fails to act on the application
for tax refund/credit, the remedy of the taxpayer is to appeal the inaction of the CIR to CTA
within 30 days.

In this case, the administrative and the judicial claims were simultaneously filed on September 30,
2004. Obviously, respondent did not wait for the decision of the CIR or the lapse of the 120-
day period. For this reason, we find the filing of the judicial claim with the CTA premature.