SAMPLE //A | Subject: Heat Transfer Time allowed: 30 minutes A steam pipe is covered with two layers of insulation. The inner layer (k=0.15W/m.K) is 25mm thick and the outer layer (k= 0.20 W/m.K) is 40mm thick. The pipe is made of steel (k=56 W/m.K) and has ILD and O.D of 140mm and 150mm respectively. The temperature of saturated steam is 300 °C and ambient air temperature is 40°C. If the inside and outside convective heat transfer coefficients are 25 W/m?.K and 6 W/m?.K respectively, Calculate: a- The rate of heat loss per unit length of the pipe. b- The temperature drops across the pipe and the insulation layers. Sebation 2 Givens 1 = JFOmm > Ve = FS mm Y3=FS 425 = joo mm Ke = lowt+4 = 140 mm 2 kox OAS Wha kK, ka = 0-20 Wink @ fh; + 2s hbk 62 Wot. 5 Tez 300°C ,To+ 40C tot, CH wor g Os ee | Bod 56 At. ok exelt | BRK CCL ge4g W/m Deas He ~ 5.3634 Ane: (3 (OT) pez rR bert) ea s/a2) = = 304-6 56 ‘SC _ (ST pasatction 4. S04y Aninfas) = Behe ~ 1S a Ry 14e/'r) = 30h = (sr) ‘nsw bon 2 = 364 tetasSTEADY STATE HEAT CONDUCTION a eT R, = 0.2175 K/W Total thermal resistance, R,=R, +R, +R, = 0.0357 + 0.2175 + 0.111 = 0.3643 KW AT _ 500-50 = RB 03643 = 1235.25 W Example 3.16 Two slabs, each 100 mm thick, have thermal conductivities of 15 W/m.K and 200 W/m.K. These are placed in contact. ‘Due {0 roughness, only 30% of area is in contact and the gap in the remaining area is 0.03 mm thick, which is filled with air. If the temperature of hot face is 250°C and the outside temperature of other slab is 30°C, find (a) heat flow through the composite system. (b) contact resistance and temperature drop in contact. Assume thermal conductivity of air as 0.032 W/m.K and that half of the contact area is due to either slab. Solution. Given : x, = 100 mm or 0.1m =2», x3 =x, = 0.03 mm or 3 x 10-5 m, x5 = 0.03 mm or 3 x 10-5 m ke, = 15 WimK, ky = 200 Wim.K, k, = 0.032 W/m.K, T, = 250°C, T, = 30°C. The composite system is shown in Fig. 3.21. The thermal resistances are : Slab 1 Slab 2 T, = 30°C Fig. 3.21HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER my _ 1 R= Fa, 200x1 2000 peices x 10geaereet ig 3x10 Ry= ja, 15x 0.15 75000 my 3x10" oi R= 7x, 200x015 1x10 x __3x10* The thermal circuit is shown in Fig. 3.22. Ry WW R, Rs > WW Ws T= 250°C a Ry ‘—yww— Fig. 3.22 Equivalant resistance of R,, R, and Ry, aL BR, = 78000 + 746.67 + 1 x 108 Total resistance, R,=R,+R,+R, 1 Teo + 9:296 x 10-7 +s = 7.1686 x 10-3 AT ___ 250-30 a= T4686 x 19-7 = 30-694 kW Contact resistance, R, = 9.296 x 10-7 K/w ‘Temperature drop in contact = Q x R, = 30694 x 9.296 x 10-7 = 9, 0285°CSTEADY STATE HEAT CONDUCTION 1 Example 3.17 A metal plate of 6 mm thickness (k = 96 W/m.K) is exposed to vapour at 100°C on one side and cooling water at 20°C on the opposite side. The heat transfer coefficient on vapour side and water side are 15 kW/m?.K and 2200 W/m?. K respectively. Calculate : (a) The rate of heat transfer, (b) The over all heat transfer coefficient. (c) Temperature drop at each side of heat transfer. Solution. Given : (A®),,9 = 6 mm, k,,, = 96 Wim.K, T,, = 100°C, T,, = 20°C, h, = 15 kWim?.K, h,, = 2200 W/m2.K. The heating system is shown in Fig. 3.23 (a) 20°C. 100°C" R, R, Re The thermal circuit is shown in Fig. 3.23 () (a) Rate of heat transfer per m?,, COD erent T= Te TTHEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 72 100 - 20 = 1.37 x 105 W/m? 006. 15000 * 96 ~ 2200 (b) Overall beat transfer coefficient, @__137x10" _ 4713.2 Wim? K Ax at an, R 1 5 x (aN), = 137 x 10° « © y= _ OD np Vap Bap (AT py = 1.37 x 108 x 0,006 96 OD Wo = R = 5 (aT), = 1.87 x 108 x Example 3.18 The interior of a refrigerator sions 0.5 m x 0.5 m x 1 m is to be maintained at 5° made of two mild steel sheets 3 mm thick (h = 48 W/. m.K) 1 of glass wool insulation (k = 0.045 W/m.K) between them. Phe. heat transfer coefficient at the inner and outer surfaces are 12 Wi and 15 W/m?.K respectively. Calculate : (a) The rate at which kitchen temperature at 25°C. (0) The temperature on the outer surface of steel sheet, Solution. The composite wall of refrigerator is oh Fig. 8.24, eee heat must be removed to maintain t Given : Ax, = Ary = 3 min, Ay, T, = 5°C, T, = 25°C Total area of refrigerator, A=05%05 x 240551 44STEADY STATE HEAT CONDUCTION 73 I (a) Rate of heat removal, 6- Ah ~T) “1 éy ag Be gh dy he hy 25 (25-5) sé.oaw ="T 0.003 005 i = 15* 48 *?* das 79 M.S. sheet: i RS i (Y nm ASSY Lo SAX n=6 | AY = 25°C BAL i 4 : ar AOS LAX : XV an]. eo ael Fig.3.24 (6) Temperature of outer surface of steel sheet, @ =hAQ5-T). : 39.64 = 15 x 2.5 (25—Question Three: A current of 300 amperes passes through a stainless steel wire of 3mm diameter and k= 20 Win. . The resistivity of the wire is 70* 10° Om and the length of the wire is 2m. Ifthe wire is \ submerged in a fluid maintained at 60 GC and the convection heat transfer coefficient at the wire surface “XX, is 4000 W/m?.K, Calculate the steady state temperature at the center and at the surface of the wire. Sodahon 5 Att Mo Tock be dah He, Feetr Gonerabel a thy ie Pace by Convection 4, the Lewd ° 7 = Q 7 AR. Gas -Te) Note: there 0 a missing data: wire diameter sof, Gud te unit of resis huily to inCom plete; Assume Mat the chameter of Me Wire ty 4mm KW the resishwdy f dee 5 Foxe ® ma) (—S2_.3 m oe L = we 2m F. A> x0 * Zeapt ~ got. Az suvPree area 2 7TaAL y a Now ; (Boe) fu xc) = 4o00 7 «(4400 ) (Aero) | =F 199 = Jov.4¢ (To -& 60) => Ta™ Foc PS oS. 1 tercerlgre Bh aim, (©) The Rect Generated per unit Velame gu. a . a2 no cal. ed ‘roms «Pe dtev > TR- Wawel Clea laf fr a Finally» Hee conto temperature of the wire 0 _ ae Tee? FEATS oe Tye Je