The following is the transcript to my Youtube video with

the same title:

The Land of Punt was a kingdom and trading partner of

Ancient Egypt. And at times, the Egyptians called Punt Ta
netjer, meaning "God's Land". This referred to the fact that
it was among the regions of the Sun God, or the regions
located in the direction of the sunrise, to the East of Egypt.

The earliest recorded ancient Egyptian expedition to Punt

which returned with cargoes of incense as well as Puntites
(the local people of Punt) was organized by Pharaoh
Sahure of the Fifth Dynasty (circa 25th century BC).
However, gold from Punt is recorded as having been in
Egypt as early as the time of Pharaoh Khufu circa 2589 to
2566 BC of the Fourth Dynasty.

Subsequently, there were more expeditions to Punt in the

Sixth, Eleventh, Twelfth and Eighteenth dynasties of
Egypt. And during the Twelfth Dynasty circa 1991 BC to
1802 BC, trade with Punt was celebrated in popular
literature via the Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor in which
Punt was described as an island inhabited by a giant
intelligent serpent.

In the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Hatshepsut circa 1507

to 1458 BC built a Red Sea fleet to facilitate trade and
points south as far as Punt. This tells us that Punt was
located not only east of Egypt as mentioned earlier, but
south of it as well. The trade with Punt continued into the
start of the 20th dynasty before terminating prior to the
end of Egypt's New Kingdom circa 1077 BC.

From all the descriptions of Punt thus given so far, one

should deduce that the land of Punt was:

1. An island located south east of Egypt, and was

inhabited by a legendary intelligent giant serpent.
2. Its civilization was at least as old as the Fourth
Dynasty of Egypt, that is, no later than the time of
Pharaoh Khufu circa 2589 to 2566 BC. And during
this time it was already producing gold and trading
with Egypt.
3. Its civilization must have lasted at least until prior to
the end of Egypt's New Kingdom circa 1077 BC.

In my previous video titled “Nefertiti - The Queen of

Sheba”, I argued that Akhenaten’s historical reign (circa
1351 to 1334 BC) was dated more than 300 years too
early by Egyptologists. This was caused by an erroneous
interpretation of the KTU 1.78 astronomical text which
Egyptologists used to date Akhenaten’s reign. This tablet
mentions a solar eclipse in Ugarit which they dated May 3,
1375 BC. However, a very similar eclipse occurred on
April 29, 1011 BC which I believe was the correct one
instead. Let me explain and prove to you why.
Using Stellarium and setting the Algorithm of delta T to
JPL Horizons, the location to Ugarit with coordinates 35°
36' 07.2"N, 35° 46' 55.2"E, the date to May 3, 1375 BC (or
-1374 in astronomical year numbering) and at 3:51:45
UTC, one can see a solar eclipse in Taurus with maximum
solar obscuration of 95.81% occurring 55 minutes after
sunrise.

Now using Stellarium and setting the Algorithm of delta T

to JPL Horizons, the location to Ugarit with coordinates
35° 36' 07.2"N, 35° 46' 55.2"E, but the date to April 29,
1011 BC (or -1010 in astronomical year numbering) and at
5:09:30 UTC instead, one can see a solar eclipse also in
Taurus with maximum solar obscuration of 73.71%
occurring 2 hours 11 minutes after sunrise, or only 1 hour
16 minutes later than the May 3, 1375 BC eclipse.

Furthermore, May 3, 1375 BC and April 29, 1011 BC were

both Nisan 30 of their corresponding years. Except that
the April 29, 1011 BC eclipse happened 364 years after
the May 3, 1375 BC eclipse. Now why do I think April 29,
1011 BC was the correct date for the eclipse? The english
translation of the KTU 1.78 astronomical text is as follows:

SIX.DAY.NEW MOON.HIYYARU
ENTER.SUN.HER GATE.RESHEP
This astro-shorthand is believed to be written by an
Egyptian and should be interpreted as hour six, day of the
new moon of Hiyyaru when the sun entered into Hathor's
(Her) Gate in Taurus (Reshep). Now what is hour six in
ancient Egypt? It actually refers to the 6th Decan. The
ancient Egyptians conveniently divided the 360 degree
ecliptic into 36 parts of 10 degrees each, and the decans
each appeared, geocentrically, to rise consecutively on the
horizon throughout each daily earth rotation. The rising of
each decan marked the beginning of a new decanal
"hour".

On the May 3, 1375 BC eclipse, the last decanal hour to

rise above the horizon during the eclipse was the 4th
Decan corresponding to 40° Right Ascension as measured
from the First Point of Aries. During the April 29, 1011 BC
eclipse, the last decanal hour to rise above the horizon
during the eclipse was the 6th Decan corresponding to 60°
Right Ascension. And the KTU 1.78 astronomical text
specifically said that it was during the 6th Decan, not the
4th, that the recorded eclipse was observed. Thus, there
can be no doubt about it, the April 29, 1011 BC eclipse
was the one described in the KTU 1.78 astronomical text.

Subtracting 364 years from the current historical dating of

Akhenaten’s reign, we get the corrected period of 987 to
970 BC instead. And this makes Akhenaten a
contemporary of King David (circa 1010 to 970 BC) as well
as King Solomon (circa 970 to 931 BC). Now according to
Josephus (Antiquities of the Jews 8:165 to 173), the
Queen of Sheba (a believer of the God of Israel) was the
queen of Egypt and Ethiopia. I believe Nertiti, the wife of
the monotheist Pharaoh Akhenaten, and contemporary of
King Solomon, was the legendary Queen of Sheba.

Note also that Akhenaten’s reign ended in 970 BC just

when Solomon’s reign started. This means Nefertiti was
no longer Queen of Egypt when she met King Solomon,
but was already known as the Queen of Sheba (believed
to be Saba, Ethiopia) after presumably marrying the King
of Ethiopia soon after Akhenaten died.

If we now consistently apply this all important 364 years

correction to Egyptian chronology, we get the corrected
period of Pharaoh Khufu’s reign as circa 2225 to 2202 BC,
Queen Hatshepsut’s reign as circa 1115 to 1094 BC, and
the end of Egypt's New Kingdom circa 713 BC. This
means also that the land of Punt must have thrived as a
major trading power no later than 2202 BC and lasted until
at least 713 BC, or between Khufu’s reign and the end of
the New Kingdom. Also, the Middle Kingdom dated by
historians between 2055 to 1650 BC, during which time
the Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor was written, should
now be dated between 1691 to 1286 BC instead.
The exact location of Punt is debated by historians.
Various locations have been offered pointing to both
southeast of Egypt and a Red Sea coastal region, and
these locations are: Somaliland, Somalia, Djibouti,
northeast Ethiopia, Eritrea, and north-east Sudan. It is also
possible that it covered both the Horn of Africa and
Southern Arabia. However, if one looks at all these
candidate locations for the land of Punt, none of them
were islands. So in my opinion, none of the above could
have been the land of Punt based on its description given
in the Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor.

I believe Punt first started in the Indus Valley Civilisation

no later than during Pharaoh Khufu’s reign circa 2225 to
2202 BC, but that the Puntites later migrated to the island
of Sri Lanka in the time of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom
sometime between 1691 to 1286 BC.

The Indus Valley Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation

in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from
3300 BC to 1300 BC, and in its mature form from 2600 BC
to 1900 BC. Thus, the mature form of the Indus Valley
Civilisation coincided with Pharaoh Khufu’s reign circa
2225 to 2202 BC. Together with ancient Egypt and
Mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the
Near East and South Asia, and of the three, the most
widespread, with its sites spanning an area stretching from
today's northeast Afghanistan, through much of Pakistan,
and into western and northwestern India.

Harappa was the center of one of the core regions of the

Indus Valley Civilization, located in central Punjab.
Archeological excavations indicate that the decline of
Harappa drove people eastward and southward. So what
could have caused the Indus Valley Civilisation to collapse
sometime 1300 BC driving its people eastward and
southward to Sri Lanka?

David Kaniewski, an archeologist at the University of Paul

Sabatier-Toulouse in France collected ancient sediment
cores from Larnaca Salt Lake, near Hala Sultan Tekke in
Cyprus. The lake was once a harbor, but became
landlocked thousands of years ago.
A decline in marine plankton and pollen from marine
seagrass revealed that the lake was once a harbor that
opened to the sea until around 1450 BC, when the harbor
transformed over 100 years into a landlocked lagoon
around 1350 BC. [Note that the Indus Valley Civilisation
collapsed circa 1300 BC]. It also revealed that by 1200
BC, agriculture in the area dwindled and didn't rebound
until about 850 BC. [Note again that the Puntites later
migrated to the island of Sri Lanka sometime during the
Middle Kingdom which ended around 1286 BC].
"This climate shift caused crop failures, dearth and famine,
which precipitated or hastened socioeconomic crises and
forced regional human migrations". The results bolster the
notion that a massive drought caused the Bronze Age
[civilizations which included the Indus Valley to] collapse.
Pharaoh Khufu’s expeditions to Punt circa 2225 to 2202
BC were long before the massive drought started around
1350 BC. Thus, Khufu traded with the Puntites while they
were still in Harappa, the center of one of the core regions
of the Indus Valley Civilization, located in central Punjab.
The origin of Punjab’s name can probably be traced to the
Mahabharata, a Sanskrit epic of ancient India, dated by
popular tradition to 3102 BC. Thus, the name Punjab was
ancient, and in my opinion it sounds very close to Punt.
Also, Khufu imported gold from Punt, and one of the major
periods of gold mining activities in India happened to be
the ancient period (dated 3900 BC to 600 AD). That being
so, Punjab, in my opinion, qualifies as the land of Punt that
supplied gold as early as during Khufu’s reign.
Furthermore, Indian maritime history begins during the 3rd
millennium BC when inhabitants of the Indus Valley
initiated maritime trading contact with Mesopotamia. On
the western end of the Indian Ocean region, the river
valley civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus
Valley began to trade by sea. Artifacts and inscriptions
dated to between 4000 and 3000 BC show that trade from
Mesopotamia along the shores of the Arabian Gulf took
place.
Note also that Queen Hatshepsut’s expeditions to Punt
circa 1115 to 1094 BC (according to my dating) happened
during the height of the massive drought circa 1200 to 850
BC. Thus, throughout her time the Puntites must have
already migrated eastward to Sri Lanka.

The Tale of The Ship-Wrecked Sailor is a story written in

the time of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt (which I dated
circa 1691 to 1286 BC). During this period, the massive
drought already started sometime 1350 BC. And if you still
recall, the Indus Valley Civilisation already collapsed
around 1300 BC. I believe this tale was written after the
Puntite’s migration to Sri Lanka and towards the end of the
Middle Kingdom.

According to the tale, the land of Punt was an island

inhabited by an intelligent giant serpent. Now there is only
one island located southeast of Egypt and is also located
very near east of Punjab (which I believe was once the
center of the Indus Valley civilization of the Puntites). This
island was known to be inhabited by an intelligent race of
serpents as well, and this island was Sri Lanka.

According to the Mahavamsa, a Pali chronicle written in

the 5th century AD, the original inhabitants of Sri Lanka
are the Yakshas and Nagas. The Mahavamsa also
recounts three legendary visits by the Buddha to the island
of Sri Lanka. These stories describe the Buddha subduing
or driving away the Yakshas and Nagas. Interestingly, the
Naga people are generally being represented as a class of
superhumans taking the form of serpents who inhabit a
subterranean world. And the word "Naga'' literally means
snake or serpent in Sanskrit.

Buddha is believed to have died at age 80 years. Within

the Eastern Buddhist tradition of China, Vietnam, Korea
and Japan, the traditional date for the death of the Buddha
was 949 BC while according to the Ka-tan system of time
calculation in the Kalachakra tradition, Buddha is believed
to have died around 833 BC. This means the expulsion of
the Nagas by Buddha happened sometime between
before 1029 BC at the earliest and upto 833 BC at the
latest (which is also the widest possible range of Buddha’s
lifetime according to tradition).

Thus The Tale of The Ship-Wrecked Sailor which I dated

about 1691 to 1286 BC, and which talked about the land
of Punt being inhabited by an intelligent giant serpent,
happened long before Buddha drove away the Nagas from
Sri Lanka.

According to the Mahāvaṃsa chronicle, Prince Vijaya was

the first Sinhalese king. The Sinhalese are a member of a
people originally from northern India, now forming the
majority of the population of Sri Lanka. Legends say that
he and several hundred followers came to Sri Lanka after
they were banished from Sinhapura (which is believed to
be located in eastern India).

Vijaya's ship later reached Lanka, in the area known as

Tambapanni on the day that Gautama Buddha died in
northern India, variously dated between 949 to 833 BC.
Tambapanni means the color of copper or bronze
because when Vijaya and his followers landed in Sri
Lanka, and when their hands and feet touched the ground
they became red with the dust of the red-earth. I believe
the original Nagas inhabitants of Sri Lanka prior to Vijaya’s
arrival may have covered themselves in red dust as a form
of religious ritual.

It is interesting to note that the people of Punt at first are

depicted with dark-reddish complexions just like the
inhabitants of Tambapanni. Now the religion or religions of
the Indus Valley Civilization is a debated topic and
remains a matter of speculation. However, contemporary
scholars continue to probe the roles of the Indus Valley
Civilization in the formation of Hinduism.

The tilaka is a Hindu mark worn usually on the forehead,

or sometimes another part of the body such as the neck,
hand, chest or arm. It may be worn daily or for rites of
passage or special spiritual and religious occasions only,
depending on regional customs. Furthermore, different
Hindu traditions use different materials to make the tilaka,
but the most popular ones were the red pigment vermilion
and the powdered red turmeric.

The nittaewo (native to Sri Lanka) was described as being

only between 3' and 4' in height, with the females being
even shorter. They were covered in hair, which was often
said to be reddish in color, and were said to have very
short, powerful arms with short, long-clawed hands. Unlike
monkeys, they always walked upright and had no tails. In
other words, the nittaewo were the legendary ancient
pygmies of Sri Lanka.

A pygmy was brought from Punt during Djedkare's time

(5th Dynasty and historically dated 2414 to 2375 BC). Pepi
II (historically dated 2278 to 2184 BC) in the 6th Dynasty
sent Harkhuf to Punt, and he also brought back pygmies.
It has often been suggested that the well known Egyptian
pygmy god, Bes, may have also been a Punt import. It
would seem probable that dwarfs and pygmies were
indeed imported from Punt, for an inscription in the tomb
of Harkhuf, and expedition leader under Pepy II, tells of his
acquisition of a dwarf for that king.

The cult of Bes did not become widespread until during

the New Kingdom (circa 1186 to 713 BC according to my
dating). His appearance is that of a fat bearded dwarf, ugly
to the point of being comical. Interestingly, there are also
depictions of Bes with feline or leonine features.

Now if you still recall, Prince Vijaya came to Sri Lanka on

the day that Gautama Buddha died (circa 949 BC to 833
BC) after they were banished from Sinhapura (which
literally means “lion city”). Sinhapura was the capital of the
legendary king Sinhabahu (whose hands and feet were
like a lion's paws), and who was the father of Vijaya. King
Sinhabahu’s father in turn was believed to be a lion.

I believe the Egyptian god Bes, a dwarf with leonine

features, may have been Sinhabahu who lived prior to
Buddha’s death circa 949 BC to 833 BC, and also during
the period of the New Kingdom circa 1186 to 713 BC
when the cult of Bes became widespread.

Historian Barbara Watterson describes the journey from

Egypt to Punt based on the inscriptions from Hatshepsut's
reign (which I dated circa 1115 to 1094 BC) as follows:
“Five ships set out from a port on the Red Sea (possibly
Quseir) to journey southwards to Suakin, where the
expedition disembarked. The voyage had taken between
20 and 25 days, covering on average about 50 kilometers
a day…”

The distance between El Qoseir and Suakin is about 895

kilometers. At an average of 50 kilometers a day it would
have taken just 18 days and not between 20 and 25 days
to navigate this distance. Also, Barbara Watterson’s
estimate of 50 kilometers a day travel distance for ships
during Hatshepsut's reign is, in my opinion, an over
underestimation. Let me explain.

The Phoenicians were master shipbuilders, navigators,

sailors, craftsmen, and merchant traders. They learned to
navigate by the stars. Their ships could travel 100
[nautical] miles or about 185.2 kilometers per day, which is
more than 3.5 times Barbara Watterson’s estimate. By
1200 BC (or about 85 years before Hatshepsut’s reign),
the Phoenicians had trading posts and colonies on many
Aegean and Mediterranean islands, trading agreements
with neighbors, and occupied quarters in Egyptian cities.
Using Phoenician ships which were the best during
Hatshepsut's reign, a 20 to 25 days voyage would have
reached between 2000 to 2500 nautical miles or 3704 to
4630 kilometers already.

I believe Barbara Watterson misinterpreted the journey to

Punt as described on the inscriptions from Hatshepsut's
reign. The 20 to 25 days journey was the time it took to
travel using large Phoenician ships from Punt to Suakin,
and not the other way around. Then from Suakin the
mariners disembarked and traveled northward using
smaller Egyptian ships to another port on the Red Sea.
Thus a 20 to 25 days journey traveling at 100 nautical
miles per day means the distance from Punt to Suakin
was about 2000 to 2500 nautical miles. Using Google
Earth, the distance between Suakin and Sri Lanka is about
2653 nautical miles. This distance would have taken a
ship traveling at 100 nautical miles a day, about 26 to 27
days to traverse. One can only assume therefore that by
the time of Queen Hatshepsut, Phoenician ships started
traveling slightly more than 100 nautical miles per day.

The products of Punt (as depicted in the Hatshepsut

illustrations) included gold, ebony, cinnamon, and
aromatic resins such as myrrh and frankincense. The wild
animals depicted in Punt included giraffes, baboons,
hippopotami, and leopards.

Hatshepsut’s reign which I dated circa 1115 to 1094 BC

was already many years after the massive drought that
started in 1350 BC and culminated in 1200 BC. Therefore
the Puntites must have already migrated from Punjab to
Sri Lanka during her time. Now the question is, did Sri
Lanka have all the products depicted in the Hatshepsut
illustrations?

Sri Lanka is sitting on a pile of gold and is believed to have

one of the largest gold deposits in Asia. During the
Dutugemunu period in Sri Lanka (circa 161 BC to 137
BC), gold was mined where nuggets of different sizes
were found. However, gold mining in Sri Lanka can be
way older than this. As I already mentioned earlier, one of
the major periods of gold mining activities in India, a close
neighbor of Sri Lanka, happened to be the ancient period
(dated 3900 BC to 600 AD).

Ebony is a dense black/brown hardwood which is dense

enough to sink in water. Species of ebony include
Diospyros ebenum (Ceylon ebony), native to southern
India and Sri Lanka. Cinnamomum verum, called true
cinnamon tree, is a small evergreen tree native to Sri
Lanka. The inner bark of several other Cinnamomum
species is also used to make cinnamon, but Cinnamomum
verum has a subtler flavor that makes it preferred for
certain recipes.

Although Sri Lanka is an island, it is believed that Sri

Lanka was "more often than not, linked to southern India
by a land bridge." Thus, animals endemic to India can be
assumed to have thrived in Sri Lanka as well. The Sri
Lankan leopard is a leopard subspecies native to Sri
Lanka and is one of the wild animals depicted in Punt.

In the gem-rich alluvial gravel of Sri Lanka's famed

Ratnapura District there have been found the remains of a
hippopotamus with six incisor teeth.
Giraffokeryx is an extinct genus of medium-sized giraffids
known from the Miocene of the Indian subcontinent (which
includes Sri Lanka). It resembled either an okapi or a
small giraffe, and it is a possible ancestor of both.

Reports of giant baboons come from Africa and India that

are similar to fossil finds of a baboon that is supposed to
be extinct. Thus, animals that currently only thrive in
Africa, may have once thrived in Sri Lanka in the past via
its land bridge with India, and it may have been only as
recently as Hatshepsut’s time.

Commiphora caudata is the most abundant Asian species

of flowering plants in the frankincense and myrrh family,
and it can be found in Southern India and Sri Lanka.
Furthermore, according to one of Hatshepsut’s
inscriptions, thirty-one incense trees (identified as
Boswellia) were brought back to Egypt from Punt.
Boswellia serrata is a plant that produces Indian
frankincense. The plant is native to much of India and the
Punjab region that extends into Pakistan.

Now Boswellia trees can produce exudates in good quality

for only three years. After this period, the quality of the
collected resin decreases considerably. Therefore, the
tree should be left to rest for some years after the
harvesting period. These three years limit for producing
good quality exudates from Boswellia is Biblically relevant.
King Solomon received a cargo from Ophir (which I
believe to be one and the same as Punt) every three years
(see 1 Kings 10: 11-22). The cargo consisted of gold,
silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks. In addition to these
products, one very special import from Ophir that was
taken in abundant quantities by Solomon were the almug
trees:
1 Kings 10: 11-12 And the navy also of Hiram, that brought gold from Ophir,
brought in from Ophir great plenty of almug trees... And the king made of
the almug trees pillars for the house of the Lord, and for the king's house,
harps also and psalteries for singers: there came no such almug trees, nor
were seen unto this day.

The solidity of almug trees must have been hard enough

to be used as pillars and carvings. But what made these
trees special to Solomon, in my opinion, is that they
exuded a pleasant fragrance and were also resistant to
decay. The Yerushalmi (Ketubot end of chapter 7) and
Midrash (Bereshit Rabba 15a) identify the agarwood with
almug trees.

The almug tree should not be confused with the algum

tree, or the oak tree, mentioned in 2 Chronicles, which
was also imported by Solomon from Ophir (the Ceylon
oak), although it was available in Lebanon as well (the
Lebanon oak). Both types of reddish brown oak wood
coming from Sri Lanka and Lebanon are very hard and
resistant to insect and fungal attack. This is why they are
commonly used in construction.

Agarwood, a fragrant dark resinous wood used in incense,

perfume, and small carvings, is formed in the heartwood of
aquilaria trees when they become infected with a type of
mold. Heartwood is wood that as a result of a naturally
occurring chemical transformation has become more
resistant to decay. First-grade agarwood is one of the
most expensive natural raw materials in the world, with
2010 prices for superior pure material as high as
$100,000/kg.

While most aquilaria trees that produce heartwood is

native to southeast Asia, one species, the Gyrinops walla,
is found in Sri Lanka. Also, India was the first country
where the Oud trees, also known as Agarwood trees were
first found and reported. The Aquilaria khasiana, one
species of aquilaria trees, is found in Bangladesh and
India.

Aquilaria trees take 5 to 7 years on average to grow

naturally before being inoculated to produce resin. After
being inoculated, only 85% of trees can survive and take
two years to produce resins. So for high-quality agarwood,
it takes 3 and a half years to harvest. And this perfectly
explains why Solomon's expeditions to Ophir were
conducted only once every three years as the Ophirians
limited their export of agarwood to keep their supply
sustainable.

Aside from gold, King Solomon also imported large

quantities of silver from Ophir. Ridi Viharaya or Silver
Temple is a 2nd-century BC Buddhist temple in the village
of Ridigama, Sri Lanka. Built during the reign of
Dutthagamani, the temple is considered as the place
where the silver ore, which provided silver to complete
Ruwanwelisaya; one of the largest stupa in Sri Lanka, was
discovered.

The Sri Lankan elephant (an obvious source of ivory which

was one of the major exports of Ophir) is one of three
recognised subspecies of the Asian elephant, and is
native to Sri Lanka. Also, one of two Asiatic species of
peacocks is the blue or Indian peafowl originally of the
Indian subcontinent of which Sri Lanka is a part of.

Now notice that King Solomon’s encounter with the Queen

of Sheba was discussed in chapter 10 of 1 Kings where
also Solomon’s expeditions in Ophir was discussed. I
mentioned earlier my belief that the Queen of Sheba was
Nefertiti of Egypt, whose husband Akhenaten reigned 987
to 970 BC according to my correction of ancient Egyptian
chronology.
And If you still recall, Egypt’s trade with Punt terminated
prior to the end of Egypt's New Kingdom circa 713 BC
(according to my dating). Solomon is believed to have
reigned between 970 to 931 BC, and during this time
Egypt was still actively trading with Punt. This is the
reason why I believe Ophir was one and the same as
Punt.

On the murals of the Hatshepsut temple at Deir el-Bahri,

the King and Queen of Punt are depicted along with their
retinue. Due to her unusual appearance, the Queen was
sometimes hypothesized to have had advanced
steatopygia or elephantiasis. Steatopygia, a genetic
characteristic leading to increased accumulation of
adipose tissue in the buttock region, is most notably (but
not solely) found among the Khoisan of Southern Africa. It
has also been observed among the Pygmies of Central
Africa and also the Andamanese people of India, such as
the Onge tribe in the Andaman Islands.

The Andamanese peoples are among the various groups

considered Negrito, owing to their dark skin and diminutive
stature. It is my belief that the Andamanese originally
came from Sri Lanka and were the Puntites depicted in
Hatshepsut’s inscriptions. They migrated east to the
Andaman islands after their ancestors were driven out
from Sri Lanka by Buddha. Allow me to explain.
Queen Hatshepsut’s expeditions to Punt circa 1115
to1094 BC (according to my dating) happened more than
a hundred years before Prince Vijaya came to Sri Lanka
on the day that Gautama Buddha died (circa 949 BC to
833 BC). It is believed that four main clans lived in Sri
Lanka before Vijaya explored the island. The four clans
were the Yaksha, Naga, Deva, and Rakkha. Thus
Hatshepsut’s navigators must have encountered at least
one of these four indigenous clans, but which one?

If you still recall, The Tale of The Ship-Wrecked Sailor

which I dated about 1691 to 1286 BC, talked about the
land of Punt being inhabited by an intelligent giant serpent.
The Naga people are generally being represented as a
class of superhumans taking the form of serpents who
inhabit a subterranean world.

In other words, they are shapeshifters. Thus, the people of

Punt shown in Hatshepsut’s inscriptions must have been
the Naga people. It is interesting to note also that the
Naga people were believed to be traders, and this
explains their more than a thousand years trade
relationship with ancient Egypt in my opinion.

Furthermore, the expulsion of the Nagas by Buddha

(which I talked about earlier in this video) happened
sometime between 1029 BC at the earliest and upto 833
BC at the latest (which is basically the entire lifetime of
Buddha according to his followers). Thus, Queen
Hatshepsut’s expeditions to Punt circa 1115 to 1094 BC
were more than 65 years before the Nagas were expelled
in Sri Lanka by Buddha.

Now I believe the descendants of these Naga people

eventually migrated to the Andaman archipelago after their
ancestors’ expulsion from Sri Lanka. And this explains
why the appearance of the Queen of Punt in Hatshepsut’s
inscription, having advanced steatopygia, is prevalent
among the Andamanese people. Also, the dark skin and
diminutive stature of the Andamanese people matches
exactly the pygmies imported by Egypt from the land of
Punt.

Furthermore, in a sketch from the walls of the mortuary

temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahri, depicting a royal
expedition to Punt, one can see a landscape of Punt,
showing several houses on stilts. And just like the Puntites
in Hatshepsut’s inscriptions, the Andamanese people also
live in stilt houses up to this day.

Finally, recent genome studies show that South Asians

are descendants of an indigenous South Asian component
(termed Ancient Ancestral South Indians), which is closest
to modern isolated tribal groups from South India, and
distantly related to the Andamanese. Thus supporting my
belief that the Puntites of Sri Lanka during Hatshepsut’s
reign eventually migrated to the Andaman islands.