Module 1 unit 1
human social life cannot be brought to
Indigenous psychology
- The scientific study of human behavior
or mind that is native, transforted from
other regions, and that is designed for
its people.
Goals of ip
- Challenges the universality of existing
psychological theories
- Attempts to discover psychological
universals in social, cultural, and
ecological context.
Characteristics of ip
- Is a part of the cultural sciences tradition
in which human agency, meaning and
context are incorporated into the
research design.
- Links humanities with social sciences
- Indigenization from within/ without
- Emphasizes examining psychological
phenomena in ecological, historical and
cultural context
- Advocate use of multiple methods
- Advocates the integration of “insiders,
outsiders” and multiple perspectives to
obtain comprehensive and integrated
understanding
- Needs to be developed for all cultural,
native and ethnic groups
- Is a part of scientific tradition that
advocates multiple perspectives, but not
multiple psychologies or absolute
relativism
Culture oriented psychologies
- Cultural psychology seeks to discover
systematic relationships between culture
and psychological variables
- Cross-cultural psychology studies the
similarities or differences in human
behavior and mental processesunder
diverse cultural conditions
- Ethno psychologyis the study of
psychology of races and ethnic groups
- Volkerpsychologie (folk psychology)
the laboratory, the social aspect of
mental processes id expressed in
objective products such as language,
mythand custom, which can be analyzed
in comparative and longitudinal historical
studies, permitting inferences of the
underlying psychological processes
Module 1 unit 2
Global Indigenous psychology
Approaches in ip
Culture Universal culture that is shared by
everynody (ex: marriage)
vs
Culture specific cultures that are specific to a
very particular society
Emic approach: investigates how local people
thiank, how they perceive and categorize the
world, their rules for behavior, what has meaning
for them, how they imagine and explain things
Etic approach: refers to generalization about
human behavior that are considered universally
true
Psychology as WEIRD
Western, Englinsh-speaking, Industrialized,
Rick, Democratic countries
93% of psychological knowledge bases on us
and other WEIRD samples
But account for only 16% the local world
population
All psychology is indigenous
- Developed from within a culture
- Reflect from local behaviors
- Understood using local frame of
reference
- Produces knowledge that is meaningful
and relevant to the culture
Indigenization local culture is recognized asa
front and center in the development of
psychological knowledge
Indigenization from within local culture as
resource; active cultivation of local knowledge
systems
Indigenization from without contributions from
the outside are contextualized within the culture
Coloniztion culture of others is forced on the
people
Globalization People are influenced by other
culture without being forced
Culture as an organizing principle in
sikolohiyang Pilipino
Culture is the set of ideas that coordinate the
actions and constructs the meanings of a group
of peole
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Module 1 unit 3
SP and Philippine Social Sciences
- Pilipinolohiya – sistematikong pag-aaral ng
pilipinong kaisipan, kultura, at lipunan.
“Pilipino”- sumasalamin sa ating mga Pilipino
“Logos”- Pag-aaral
Plipinolohiya vs Philippine Studies
Pilipinolohiya
- Internal studies and investigations
based on Phil. Culture/civilization and
national needs, carried out with internal
approaches and methods of Filipino.
Prospero Covar
- Ama ng pilipinolohiya or father of
pilipinolohiya
- BA Antropology, MA Sociology, Ph.D
Sociology
Mga akda
Larangan: seminal essays on Philippine Culture
3 Larangan ng Pilipinolohiya- Nag-ugat sa
mga karanasan ng mga katutubong Plipino at
ugat na basihan sa pagkatao.
1. Larangan ng kaisipan
2. Larangan ng kultura
3. Larangan ng Lipunan
Ang pilipinolohiya ay may layunin na palabasin
ang pagka-pilipino ng bawat larangan kabilang
ang kultura at wika na kung saan binibigyang
diin na ng pilipinas ay may sariling
pagkakakilanlan batay sa mga larangan ito.
Philippine Studies: Study of the Philippines
and the Filipino people.
Belinda A. Aquino: “ Studies of Philippine
Culture and society started in the early 1900s
when the Philippine become a colony of the
United States. It encompasses the study of
Filipino History , Filipino Society Filipino life
Philippine Studies
Each country has its own Phil. Studies, for its
own interest. Each one attempts to build
international linkages through conference and
the like.
Association international de Philippinist.-
Jose Rizal
______________________________________
Module 2 unit 1
Sikolohiyang Pilipino
Definition
- It is an indigenous Psychology scientific
study of ethnicity, society and culture.
The application to psychological practice
of indigenous knowledge rooted in the
people’s ethnic heritage and
consciousness
- Virgilio G. Enriquez (1994).
Pagbabangong dangal: Indegenouse
psychology & cultural empowerment.
Akademya ng kultura at sikolohiyang
Pilipino: lungsod ng Quezon.
- Virgilio G. Enriquez is the father of
Filipino Psychology
Distinctions
- Sikolohiya sa pilipinas (Psychology in
the Phillippines)
- Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino (Psychology
of Filipinos)
- Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino
Psychology)
- Virgilio G. enriquez (1976) in
sikolohiyang Pilipino: Teroya, metodo at
gamit. Rogelia Pe-Pua (Ed.) (1989)
University of the Philippines Press:
Quezon City.
______________________________________
Sikolohiya sa Pilipanas
- Refers to a series of events related to
the field of psychology in the Philippines.
(e.g. number of degree programs and
journals, the amount of research
conducted)
- Ang pinakamalaki o kabuang anyo ng
sikolohiya sa kontekstong Pilipino.
Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino
- Refers to any theories or knowledge of
Filipino nature regardless of source,
western or local
- Palasak na anyo sapagkat
pinakakaraniwan o madaling Makita.
Sikolohiyang Pilipino
- Rfers to a psychology based on the
Filipino’s true thoughts, feelings,
behaviors and must derive from
indigenous Filipino sources, language,
and methods.
- Nilalayong anyo, sikolohiyang bunga ng
karanasaan, kaisipan at oryentasyong
Pilipino
Why a need for SP?
Issue: Applicability of the western theories
and principles taught as well as the research
concepts and methods used in the
Philippine setting
Meaning: Western theoris are not
applicable in Ph setting.
- Timoty Church (1985) indigenous
Psychology: A Book of reading. V.G.
Enriquez (Ed) Akademya ng
Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Queson city
Limits of Western Psychology
- Limits of western social research
methods in rual Philippines: The
nned of innovation
- Gloria D. Feliciano (1965) in
sikolohiyang Pilipino: Teoya, Metodo at
gamit. Rogelia Pe-Pua (Ed.) (1989)
University of the Philippines press:
Quezon City.
- The limits of Applicability of western
concepts, values and method in the
social sciences to the concrete
realities of Asian societies
- Augosto C. Espiritu (1968) indigenous
Psychology: A book of Readings. V.G.
Enriquez (Ed.) (1990) Akademya ng
Sikolohiyang Plipino: Quezon City.

Characteristics of SP
Sikolohiyang Pilipino is a “taong-bahay”
Metaphor
- Sikolohiyang Pilipino can be explained
through a Metaphor: (a characteristic
way of clarifying concepts) – difference
between tao sa bahay (person in the
hour) and taong-bahay (house person)
Sikolohiyang Pilipino is a Call
- For the exercise of care in the adaption
of foreign theories… “uncritical rejection
is just as dangerous as uncritical
acceptance of western theories”
- For example: Psychological problems
are the same anywhere however, the
sources of such problems differ greatly
Primar areas of protest of Sikolohiyang
Pilipino
It is against
- A psychology that perpetuates the
colonial status of the Filipino mind
- A psychology used for the exploitation
of the masses
- The imposition of Psychologies
developed in foreign countries
Sikolohiyqang Pilipino from a movement to
an academinc discipline
Principal emphasis in Psychology
- Identity and national consciousness,
social awareness and involvement.
Psychology of language and culture
Applications & bases of Filipino
psychology (health practices,
agriculture, art, religion)
- Virgilio G. Enriquez (1992). From
colonial to loberation psychology: The
Philippine experience. University of the
Philippines Press. QC
Positions of SP
On science- Humanism issue
Utilizes scientific methodolody in the study of
psychological phenomena
Concerned not only with the universal validity of
psychological science but also in utilizing such
for the purpose of serving the interest of all
mankind, affording protection to the
disadvantage
On mentalism- Behaviorism issue
Uses both phenomenological & behavioristic
concepts, but lesser emphasis on individual
experiencec and greater emphasis on the
collective experience
Attaches greater importance to kamalayan,
subsidiary imporatnce to ulirat
On psychological practice
Conceptualization of psychological practice in a
Philippine context (industriya vs kabuhayan;
klinika vs kalusugan)
Concerned with folk practices, indigenouse
techniques of healing, popular religio-political
movements
On Analysis- Wholeness issue
Methodologically leans on the side of analysis
but interprets the result of analysis with a bias
for whileness
(social context, political implications, cultural
meaning of the study)
Line of filiation of SP
1. Academic- scientific psychology:
Western
2. Academic- Philosophical psychology:
Clergy
3. Ethnic psychology: indigenous
psychology
4. Psycho- Medical system: religion-
cohesive element and explanation
 1. Academic- scientific psycholog:
wilhelm wundt, the german tradition
unversity of the philippines (1908) and
other american traditional school
2. Academic- philosopichal psychology:
thimistic philosophy and psychology
unversity of santo t omasa (1611)
3. Ethnic psychology: indigenous
psychology: native psychological
thought: indigenous psychology:
kinagisnan and katutubong sikolohiya.
Kinagisnang sikolohiya
the subsconscious psychology
imbedded In the native language, art,
music, culture, and religion.
Aims of SP
Gaya-gayang at kolonyal na sikolohiya
To
Sikolohiyang malaya at angkop sa mga Pilipino
Module 2 unit 3
Pantayong pananaw
- (form-us-for-us perspective) as an
intellectural movement in contemporary
Philippine scholarship.
- Also called Bagong kasaysayan or New
history is currently the most theoretically
elaborate articulation of an indigenized
social science perspective that offers a
viable alternative to (western) positivist
social science
- Is the brainchild of prof zeus Salazar, a
historian who spent most of his teaching
career at the department of history and
the university of the Philippines- Diliman.
In the course of his advocacy, Salazar
was able to gather a number of
historians who shared his call for a more
culturally- sensitive historiography in the
teaching of Philippine history
- At presend the pantayong pananaw has
become an established perspective in
Philippine historiography And has
spread outside the University’s own.
Department of history.
Pantayong pananaw’s approach begins with
the need to sustain a talastasang bayan
( national discourse) by distinguishing
among different historiographies and how
they relate to the formation of national
cultural identity
Pangkayo perspective
- The first, the pangkayo perspective
(from-you-for_us perspective), refers to
the judgments made by external agents
upon one’s culture; the pangkayo
perspective mainly refers to colonial
historiography that judged Filipinos’
beliefs and customs using purely exteral
Cultural standards
Pangkami perspective
- Opposite to this is the pangkami
perspective (from-us-to-you’
perspective), which was inially espoused
by a generation of intellectuals who
were educated in spain and then
responded to the accusations of the
colonial historiography regarding
aspects of Filipino cuktural heritage.
They were succeeded by Filipino
scholars who wrote about Philippines
cultural and society using English or
Spanish. The languages of the
colonizers as the medium of discourse.
Salazar on many occasions, specifically
foults this reliance on foreign languages,
betraying its intent to engage mainly
with outsiders rather than with agents in
local communities who along were the
insiders of their own culture.
Pangtayong pananaw
- The pantayong pananaw, therefore
seeks to creat a “closed circuit os
interaction” (Mendoza 2007) between
academic discourse ( especially history)
and kaalamang katutubo (indigenous
knowledge). In this regard, language
plays a central role; hence, historians
indentified with pantayong pananaw
speak and write in Philippine languages
so that the talastasan (discourse) is
always oriented toward local cultures
and not to “outsiders” and their interests.