Few Words About Crane

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TYPES OF CRANES
Telescopic Cranes
Overhead Gantry Crane
Mobile Cranes
Tower Cranes
Truck Mounted Crane
Rough Terrain Crane
Loader Crane
Floating Cranes
Harbor Cranes
Crawler Cranes
All Terrain Crane
Level Luffing Crane
Telescopic Handler Crane
Aerial Crane 2
Rail Road Crane
Many More Not Included Here
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6 7 8 9 10

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12 13 15

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DEFINITIONS
 Crane – Consists of a rotating structure for lifting and lowering horizontally on rubber tires or
crawler treads.

 Hoist- Used to lift and lower load.

 Boom – An inclined spar, strut, or other long member supporting the hoisting tackle.

 Boom stops– A device used to limit the angle of the boom at its highest position.

 Brake – To slow or stop motion by friction or power.

 Block – Sheaves or grooved pulleys in a frame with hook, eye and strap.

 Jib – Extension attached to the boom point to provide added boom length for
lifting specified loads.

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CRANE AND PARTS NAME

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FEW PARTS NAME

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FEW PARTS NAME

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PULLEY AND COMPONENTS

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MAJOR CAUSES OF CRANE ACCIDENTS
Crane rigging
failures.(Rope ,Chains,
wires, support etc)
Crane mechanic failures
Cranes colliding with
other buildings
Cranes colliding with
energized power lines.
Cranes hitting people with
heavy materials and objects
Cranes dropping heavy
materials and objects
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 MAJOR CAUSES OF CRANE ACCIDENT

Cranes overturning
Boom collapse
Crane hook-lifting device failure
Improper crane selection
Instability – unsecured load, load capacity exceeded, or ground
not level or too soft beyond the radius and boom angle.
Stormy, rainy, windy, rough ,etc weather
Improper crane set up(out of reach, Drag loads, Side-load a
boom.)
Failing to comply with manufacturer specifications for crane
use.
Lack of communication - the point of operation is a distance
from the crane operator or not in full view of the operator
Lack of training
Inadequate maintenance or inspection
By pass the functioning Systems.
Modify or ignore safety devices.
Many more not included here.
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WHO IS AT RISK

 Operator
 Helper,Engineers,workers
at Crane Site.

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 CRANE HAZARDS

HAZARD?
A hazard is any object,
situation, or behavior that has
the potential to cause injury, ill
health, or damage to property or
the environment.

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 Crane Hazards
 Improper load rating
 Excessive speeds
 Inadequate communication or
hand signals
 Inadequate inspection and
maintenance
 Unguarded parts
 Unguarded swing radius
 Working too close to power lines
 Improper exhaust system
 Shattered windows
 No steps/guardrails walkways
 No boom angle indicator
 Not using outriggers
 Inactive Limit Switch/ Asli/boom
Over Hoist switch
 Inexperienced and over experienced
operator, rigger
Hazards can be classified as:
Physical Hazards:Temperature, ionizing or
non-ionizing radiation, excessive noise, electrical exposure,
working from heights, and unguarded machinery.
Mechanical Hazards: Protruding
and moving parts.
Chemical Hazards: These appear when
a worker is exposed to chemicals in the workplace..
Biological Hazards: viruses, bacteria,
fungus, parasites, and any living organism that can
.
infect or transmit diseases to human beings
Ergonomic Hazards: Total
physiological demands of the job upon the worker, even
beyond productivity, health, and safety.
Psychosocial Hazards: variety of
psychosocial factors that workers may find to be
unsatisfactory, frustrating, or demoralizing. 13
 PLANNING BEFORE START-UP
 Level the crane and ensure support surface
is firm and able to support the load
 Contact power suppliers and determine
precautions.
 Know the location and voltage of overhead
and under ground power lines.
 Know the basic crane capacities, limitations,
and job site restrictions, such as the location
of power lines, unstable soil, or high winds.
 Make other personnel aware of hoisting
activities.
 Barricade areas within swing radius.
 Ensure proper maintenance and inspections.
 Determine safe areas to store materials and
place machinery.
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 Hand Signals

An illustration of the signals must be posted at the job site 15

 Competent Person

The competent person must

inspect all machinery and
equipment prior to each use,
and make sure it is in safe
operating condition.

If it needs fixing, take it out of

service and don’t use it until it is
fixed.

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 Crane Check List
Equipment Name & Number: MOBILE CRANE
Note: Please write Yes or No in the given box and if some comments write in remarks column.

SN. Description Yes/No Remarks

1. Physical condition of body should be in sound manner.
2. No damage in tire (Bolts, crack, cuts & air pressure, etc.).
3. Head & tail light and indicators are in working condition.
4. Side mirror should be in good condition.
5. Safe work load (SWL) marked.
6. Hoist limit switch.
7. Wire rope free from damage.
8. Safety latch in hook.
9. Outrigger with spreader mat should be in good and working
condition.
10. Sprit level should be installed.
11. Boom condition while full extension (free from damage, crack &

12. jamming, etc.).in hydraulic part.

No oil leakage
13. Safe load indicator should be in working state.
14. Front, reverse and swing horn.
15. Fire extinguisher in operator cabin.
16. Operator should have valid and suitable license.
17. Crane simulator should be in working condition.
18. First aid kit should be available.
19. Crane should physically good & should have valid TPI. 17
 Load Capacity
TATA TFC · 280 · 45
Max.. Lifting caoacìty ''.'''. _75 Tonnes
Boom Length ; ,... 15.24 • 45.72 metres
. I Lattice FLy Jìb , 9.14 metres
Crawler Qrane -Loadchart
• ' ' . ! '

RATED CRANE LOADS IN KG (ÀS PER IS 4573).

Qpèr;itlng . J 5.24 rn JS.29,m . ?L.3!1m 24.38m . 27,43m 30.48m 33.53m . 36.58m · ~9.62m 42.67m 45.72m
.. radlus boom 'boom. boom boom .boom boom boom boom boom boom boom
I

3,67 75066
4.57 · .·. 5216$ ... . 519.60. . .....
a:10 3266$ 324.55. 32320 32115 31980
7.62 24()4. 23835 23700 23495 23360 23155 23020
.9,.14 J9005 18800 · 18665 18460 18325 18120 17985 17780
i6.$i ···1ssoo 15400 ,5260 15060 14920 :14720 14580 14380 14240 14040
1°2.19 13155: 1295ò 12815 12610 1247'5 12270 12130 11930 11790 11590 11450
13.72 11340 ,111.35 11000 10795 10660 10455 10320 10115 · 9980 9775 9640
15.24 . 9885 9555 ... 9545. 9345 ·9205 9005 8865 8660 8525

 Make sure the crane

. l 8320 8185
. 16.76 . ~· · .r .05~s:· 8,460. 8255 8120 7915 7160 7575 7440 7235 7095
18.29 7685 7550 7345 ;1210 7005 6870 6665 6530 6325 6190
1s:01 ... W35 6530 6395 6190 60!?5 . 58.50 57t5 5510 5375
. 21.34 6055 5850 5715 5510 5375 5170 5035 4830 4695
24.38 ····· 4850 4715 4510 4375 4170 4035 3830 3695

operator can see the:

•• ··~ j

27.43 ····• ' 3900 3895 3550 3355 3220 3015 2880
30:48 ....... 3060 2925 2720 2585 2480 2245
· 33.53 2220 2085 1880 1745

 Rated Load Capacities

36.85 1425 ,290

CRANE~ANGED~GRAM

sors
'
.
angle
 Operating Speeds
(a) Ratings are. as per
ISi 4573, i.e 75% of
t ppingil ìoad for forward
.stab ity and 70% for

 Special Hazard
i
backward stab lity.
(b) Capacities include the
weiqnt of the hook

.
...
.
"?· :
;
block, slings, etc.
(e) Capacities are tor
rnachlne standard on
 Warning or Instruction
 Clear signal
firm, level uniform
supporting surfaceand
depend upon the
~- mountinq, l Ground,
./
. boom ength, radius of
operation ; and proper
;fi handliilg all of which
/ ì
must be taken nto .
account by the user
(d) Deduct
. 680 kg tor
6 10m-jib and 910 kg
.
for 9 14m jib'.

CAUTION
i
• Machli nèmust not be used
tor fting
the operations
gantry with
in lowered
. RA.~ ll'AOMCENY~E~ H<>tATfON positlon.
·
TÀiA rrc
•
200 .is
1 18
13

1 ··

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HOW TO CALCULATE % CRANE LIFTING CAPACITY

% crane lifting Capacity = Hook load + weight of Lifted Load

X 100
Chart rated capacity

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 BEFORE LIFTING CHECK THE THINGS
 Method statement, lifting plan, risk and
hazard evaluation and other legal
documents.
 Ensure lift calculations are correct
 Ensure ASLI, Over hoist limit swtich,Boom
limit switch.
 Ensure load is within load chart rating for
boom length and load radius of crane.
 Crane is rated by the maximum weight it
will lift at a minimum radius and minimum
boom length and Required Counter Weight
and boom angle.

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 LOAD LIMITING FACTORS

 Not level
 Wind
 Side loads
 On its wheels
 Lifting over the side
 Use of extensions, jibs and other attachments
 Limits of wire rope, slings and lifting devices

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 FOUR BASIC LIFTING PRINCIPLES THAT GOVERN A CRANE'S
MOBILITY AND SAFETY DURING LIFTING OPERATIONS

Center of Gravity (Itisthepointintheobjectaroundwhichitsweightisevenlydistributed)

 Leverage (Rotation of the upper works (cab, boom, counterweight, load)
 Stability (Stability Is the relationship of the load weight, angle of the
boom and its radius (distance from the cranes center of rotation to the center
of load) to the center of gravity of the load. The stability of a crane could also
be effected by the support on which the crane is resting)
 Structural Integrity (The crane's main frame, crawler track and/or outrigger
supports, boom sections, and attachments are all considered part of the structural
integrity of lifting. In addition, all wire ropes, including stationary supports or attachment
points)

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FEW UNSAFE PRACTICE
Broken
Wires
and
strand

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 Swing Radius

Stay out of the swing radius of the crane –

Make sure there are barrier guards showing swing radius 24
 Power Lines
Stay clear
from power
lines at
least 10
feet

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Operator Visibility

Broken
Window

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Suspended Loads

Don’t stand
under
suspended
loads

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Sheaves
The grooves
must be
smooth and
free from
surface
defects which
could cause
rope damage

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 Guard Moving Parts

Unguarded
Chain Drive

Guard moving parts such as gears or belts

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 Ladders

Ladder

Use ladders to get to the upper portion of the cab

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 Guardrails

Runways and steps need to have guardrails,

handholds and slip resistant surfaces 31
 Boom Angle Indicator

A boom angle indicator must be on the crane

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 Supporting Surface

Cranes must be on a firm supporting

surface and level within 1 percent 33
 Rigging Equipment Slings
Types of slings include alloy steel chain, wire rope,
metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope, and
synthetic web.

Chain Wire rope Metal mesh Synthetic

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 Annual Inspections
Inspection of the
hoisting machinery
must be made by a
competent person
The employer must
maintain a record of
these inspections Crane wasn’t inspected
and tipped over

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WHAT TO INSPECT
 TPI /Insurance/Operator competency certificates
 Asli/Limit Switch/Boom over hoist limit switch.

 Radius/load chat/ground condition

 Correct air pressure and no leaks

 Adequate Communication medium.

 Tires properly inflated

 Clearance for tail swing

 Wire rope wear

 Physical damage to crane

 Loose or missing hardware, nuts, or bolts 36

 Fluid leaks
 Remove From Service

Immediately remove damaged or

defective slings from service
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 Damaged wire rope

Crushed Rope

Broken Strands

Damaged wire rope must be taken out of service

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 Tyre Inspections

Conduct regular
inspections
of tires for
excessive wear
or damage

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WHAT TO INSPECT
 Operators:
 must qualify on specific crane, Job
Hazard -control measure details and
Environment
 Must include on-the-job training
 Supervisor / competent person

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 Summary
• An unstable load, lack of communication, lack of
training, and inadequate maintenance or inspection are
major contributors to crane accidents.
• Operators or others working in the area can be
victims to “struck by" and "caught in" injuries.
• Contact with power lines causes many accidents.
• A competent person must inspect a crane regularly
to insure it is in proper order.
•Fulfill legal Documents and requirement.
• Planning and training reduces accidents.

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 Thank You
A presentation By
Soumen Makar

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