A.What is global warming?

Global Warming is the process of increasing the temperature of the atmosphere, oceans and
the Earth's land. Global average temperature at Earth's surface has risen 0.74 ° C during the
last hundred years. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that "most
of the increase in global temperatures since the mid-20th century most likely caused by
increased concentrations of greenhouse gases due to human activities" through the
greenhouse effect. These conclusions have been advanced by at least 30 scientific and
academic, including all the national science academies of the G8 nations.

Increasing global temperatures are expected to lead to other changes such as rising sea levels,
increased intensity of extreme weather phenomena, as well as changes in the number and
pattern of precipitation. Consequences of global warming are another character of agricultural
output, loss of glaciers, and the extinction of various animal species.

B. Feedback effect

Elements of the cause of global warming are also influenced by various feedback processes
that result. An example is the evaporation of water. In the case of warming due to increasing
greenhouse gases like CO2, warming will initially lead to more number of water evaporates
into the atmosphere. Because water vapor is itself a greenhouse gas, warming will continue
and increase the amount of water vapor in the air until the achievement of an equilibrium
concentration of water vapor. The greenhouse effect it produces is larger than the effect of
CO2 alone. (Although this feedback to improve the absolute water content in the air,
humidity, air relative almost constant or even slightly decreased because the air becomes
warmer). Positive feedback due to release of CO2 and CH4 from the softening of frozen soil
(permafrost) are other mechanisms that contribute to warming. In addition, ice that melts will
also release CH 4 that also generates positive feedback. The ability of oceans to absorb
carbon will also be reduced if he warms up, this is caused by the decline in nutrient levels in
the mesopelagic zone and limit the growth of diatoms than the phytoplankton which is a
carbon sink that low.
c. Measuring global warming

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that global air temperature
has risen 0.6 degrees Celsius (1 degree Fahrenheit) since 1861. The panel agreed that the
warming is mainly caused by human activities that add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.
The IPCC predicts an increase in global average temperatures will rise 1.1 to 6.4 ° C (2.0 to
11.5 ° F) between 1990 and 2100. The IPCC panel also warned that although the
concentration of gases in the atmosphere has not increased since 2100, still continues to
warm climate during certain periods due to emissions that have been released previously.
carbon dioxide will remain in the atmosphere for a hundred years or more before nature can
absorb it again. If greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase, experts predict, CO2
concentration in the atmosphere can be increased up to threefold in the early-22 th century
when compared to the pre-industrial era. As a result, there will be dramatic climate change.
Although the actual event of this climate change has occurred several times throughout the
history of Earth, humans will face this problem with the risk of a very large population.

d. The impact of global warming

1. Start Climate Unstable

Weather patterns become more unpredictable and extreme. icebergs will melt and the
mainland will shrink. Areas that previously experienced light snow probably will not
experience it again. In the mountains in subtropical areas, snow-covered part will be getting
less and is quicker to melt. Planting season will be longer in some areas. Temperatures in the
winter and at night would tend to increase.

2. Increased sea level

As the atmosphere warms, the ocean surface layer will also be warm, so the volume will
expand and raise the sea level. Warming will also melt much glacier ice, especially around
Greenland, which further increases the volume of water in the sea. Sea level worldwide has
increased by 10-25 centimeters (40-10 inches) during the 20 th century, and IPCC scientists
predict further rise of 9-88 cm (4-35 inches) in the 21st century.
3. Global temperatures tend to increase

One might assume that a warmer Earth would produce more food than ever before, but it is
actually not the same in some places. Southern Canada, for example, may benefit from higher
rainfall and more length of the planting period. Desert agricultural areas that use irrigation
water from distant mountains may suffer if the snowpack (a collection of snow) winter,
which serves as a natural reservoir, will melt before the peak months of planting. Food crops
and forests to insect and disease attack more powerful.

4. Ecological disturbance

Animals and plants into sentient beings that are difficult to avoid the effects of warming
because most of the land has been controlled by humans. In global warming, animals tend to
migrate toward the poles or up mountains. Plants will change the direction of its growth,
finding new areas because of the length of habitat becomes too warm. However, human
development will prevent this movement. Species that migrate to the north or south blocked
by the cities or agricultural lands may be dead. Some types of species that are not able to
quickly move toward the poles may also be destroyed.

5. Social and political impact

Changes in weather and ocean can lead to the emergence of diseases associated with heat
(heat stroke) and death. Hot temperatures can also lead to crop failure that would arise from
hunger and malnutrition. Changes in extreme weather and sea level rise due to melting Arctic
ice cap can cause diseases that are associated with natural disasters (floods, hurricanes and
fires) and death due to trauma. Incidences of natural disasters are usually accompanied by
movements of people into refugee camps where diseases often appear, such as: diarrhea,
malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, psychological trauma, skin diseases, and others.

E. Controlling global warming

Severe damage could be solved with a variety of ways. Coastal areas can be protected by
walls and barriers to prevent entry of sea water. Alternatively, governments can help the
population on the coast to move to higher ground. Some countries, such as the United States,
to save plants and animals while maintaining the corridor (line) habitat, clearing land for
construction from south to north. Species can gradually move along this corridor to go to a
colder habitat.
There are two main approaches to slow down the increasing greenhouse gases. First, prevent
the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by storing the gas or its carbon component
somewhere else. This is called carbon sequestration (removal of carbon). Second, reducing
greenhouse gas production.

1. Eliminate carbon

The easiest way to remove carbon dioxide in the air is to maintain trees and plant more trees.

A. Conclusion

Global Warming is the process of increasing the average temperature of the atmosphere,
oceans and the Earth's land. This is caused by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases due
to human activities "through the greenhouse effect. The rise in global temperatures is
expected to lead to other changes such as rising sea levels, increased intensity of extreme
weather phenomena, as well as changes in the number and pattern of precipitation. Another
effects of global warming is the character of agricultural output, loss of glaciers, and the
extinction of various animal species.

B. Suggestion

Commitments to reduce emissions in this world should be set explicitly. Do not just form a
paper containing the agreement, but must actually be realized because of the global warming
problem is an issue that is very serious and not merely a mild conversation again. If it's still
not done seriously start SAA, then we must get ready for the worst will happen to our
beloved earth.