POLITICAL SCIENCE- 317

TMA

1. Answer any one out of the following question in about 40-60 words.

(a) Suggest any two measures to protect the environment from pollution.

Ans.:- Two measures to shield the earth from contamination are

1) Reducing the utilization of individual vehicles and utilizing mass

transportation offices.

2) Using battery worked vehicles and utilizing economical vitality.

b) A child of 10 years age is working as a help at a dhaba. Identify any
two fundamental rights of the child which are being violated.
Ans.:- Two crucial privileges of the kid which are being disregarded are
1) Right to Protection:- Right to opportunity of conclusion, Right to
opportunity of articulation, Right to opportunity of affiliation and so on.

2) Right to advancement:- Right to instruction, Right to learn, Right to

unwind and play and so on.
2. Answer any one out of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

(a) Choose and write any two Directive Principles of state policy which
are based on Gandhian Principles.

Ans.: Two Directive Principles based on Gandhian ideals are:

Article 40 which mention that the State would take steps to establish
Village Panchayats as units of local self-government and endow them
with necessary powers.

Article 45 which say that the state would promote the educational
interests of the weaker sections and compulsory education for all
children until they complete the age of fourteen years.

(b) Assess the Right to Constitutional Remedies as the soul of

Fundamental Rights.

Ans.:- It is possible that sometimes our rights maybe violated by fellow

citizens on by the government. when any of our rights are violated we
can seek remedy though courts if it is a Fundamental rights we can
directly approach the supreme court, on the high court of a state. There
can be on law or action that violated the fundamental rights.
3. Answer any one out of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.

(a) Analyse any two effects of the National Emergency (Article 352) on
the people of India.

Ans.:- The declaration of National Emergency has far-reaching effects

both on the rights of individuals and the autonomy of the states in the
following manner:

a. The most significant effect is that the federal form of the Constitution
changes into unitary. The authority of the Centre increases and the
Parliament assumes the power to make laws for the entire country or any
part therefore, even in respect of subjects mentioned in the State List.

b. The President of India can issue directions to the states as to the

manner in which the executive power of the states is to be exercised.

(b) "Right to freedom of Religion has laid down the foundation to

secularism in India." Justify the statement.
Ans.:- India is a secular state. Other than Hindus, there are Muslims,
Sikhs, Christians and numerous others living in our nation. The
Constitution provides each and every person opportunity to follow or
practice any religion or faith.
It likewise allows each strict gathering, the option to deal with its own
undertakings in issues of religion. Each strict group has the option to set
up and keep up in circumstances for strict and altruistic purposes. Every
strict gathering is additionally allowed to buy and deal with its versatile
and unflinching property as per law, for the engendering of its religion.

4. Answer any one out of the following question in about 100-150 words

(a) Analyse the role of 'Caste in Indian Politics.

Ans:- Caste started to play a significant job after freedom as its

involvement in governmental issues expanded. The fact that it existed as
effectively recognizable social bunch of individuals made it a simple
object of political preparation by ideological groups as they continued
looking for political help and votes. While the ideological groups looked
to misuse station for its own discretionary purposes, position bunches by
making legislative issues their circle of movement got an opportunity to
state their character and can hope for advantages and position in the
public eye. In this manner, standing and legislative issues collaboration
has been a two-way process.

In politicizing the standings, the station affiliations played acrucial role.

Caste affiliations were Relationship as in its participation was open just
to the people of the standing network. These affiliations were framed to
make sure about monetary advantages or instructive openings or for all
the more obviously political reason for joining to battle the authority of
the upper ranks. In either case, contribution In legislative issues was
viewed as important for making sure about the particular reason for
which they were framed. In this manner, when shaped based on position
personality, station affiliations proceeded to procure non-standing
capacities.

(b) Evaluate the 'Right to Equality as an instrument to protect the

citizens against any discrimination by the state.

Ans.:-No Discrimination on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex,

Place of Birth or any of them:- No citizen shall be denied access to
shops, restaurants and places of public entertainment. Neither shall any
one be denied the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads etc.
maintained wholly or partly out of State funds. However, the State is
empowered to make special provisions for women, children and for the
uplift of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other backward classes
(OBC's). The State can reserve seats for these categories in educational
institutions, grant fee concessions or arrange special coaching classes.

5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.

(a) Suggest any four methods to establish good governance.

Ans.:- Following are the methods to establish good governance

(i) Delivery of services to the people at low cast.

(ii)Empowerment of people through dissemination of information

(iii) Openness and transparency in the working of

Government.

(iv) Innovations and introduction of new ideas

and concepts in the performance by the government and the people.

(b) Evaluate the significance of Human Rights.

Ans.:- The significance of Human Rights:-

1. People have rights simply because they are

human:- All people have the right to lead a dignified and human life, and
work towards achieving this for all people.These rights cannot be denied
on the basis of caste, colour, religion and gender.

2. Human rights are universal:- They take no account of nation, race, sex
or colour. People of all nations, colour, race, religion have same rights
everywhere. The developed and developing countries in all continents of
the world must guarantee same rights to all their citizens.
3. Human rights treat all people as equal:- This follows the idea that "all
human being are born free and equal in rights and dignity" and therefore
deserve the same opportunities respecting their different cultures and
traditions, political persuasion, sexuality, social origin, status etc. pue
treatment, whilst simultaneously

4. These rights belong primarily to individuals:- This means that they are
concerned with the relationship between an individual and the state.
Consequently, it is for the government to create a society where each
individual can enjoy and freely exercise his or her rights to the full.

6. Prepare any one project out of the following projects given below.

(a) Visit ten family of your area belonging to SC/ST or OBC categories
and get information from them related to the following eight fields. The
answers of the question asked should be, as they were ten years ago or as
they are at present only in 'yes' or 'no'. In case, answer under the heading
at present is no ask then the reason for it and write it in the column
'Remarks'.
On the basis of information collected, write a report on the following
points.
(1) Evaluate the efforts made by the government towards the upliftment
of the SC/ST or OBCS.
Ans.: considering the generally gathered backwardness of the regressive
classes and the need to carry them at par with the remainder of the
general public, constitution accommodated defensive separation.
Defensive segregation isn't a special case yet integral to the Right to
Equality While the SCs and STs got the advantage of reservation from
the state and local governments since the commencement of Indian
Republic, the OBCS could get the advantages of reservation in focal
administrations a lot later in 1993.
(ii) Suggest any three measures which the government should adopt to
improve the living standard of the backward classes.

Ans.: Measures which the legislature ought to receive to improve the

expectation for everyday comforts of the retrogressive classes are:

According to the Indian Constitution, there will be no separation based

on network, station religion, language, sex and so forth.

b) Care is taken for these classes in multi year plan moreover.

c) Moreover, the states are likewise given powers with the goal that they
may release the obligations as a government assistance state. It can force
certain limitations on specific essentials directly so as to ensure more
vulnerable and in reverse classes of society.