RADIOLOGI

dr. Putu Ayu Winda Wirastuti Giri, Sp.Rad

RSUD Kabupaten Buleleng

2021
 RADIOLOGI

• a branch of medicine that uses imaging technology

to diagnose and treat disease
DEFINISI
• Radiodiagnostik

DIVISI • Radioterapi

•Radiation

METODA •Ultrasound
•Magnetic resonance
•Nuclear medicine
RADIODIAGNOSTIK
• Konvensional
• Non-kontras
• Kontras
• Canggih
• CT scan
• Radiologi intervensi
• USG
• MRI
• Kedokteran nuklir
RADIOTERAPI
 CONVENTIONAL
RADIOLOGY
• Fundamental diagnostic imaging tool
• X-rays reveal differences in tissue structures
using attenuation or absorption of x-ray photons by
materials with high density
 TYPES OF RADIATION

• Ionizing radiation
• Radiation capable of producing ions
• X-ray machine, nuclear reactor and radioactive materials
• Non-ionizing radiation
• Microwaves, sound waves, light,laser, radiofrequency,
electromagnetic fields, etc
 • alpha and beta particles, neutrosns and
energetic photons
IONIZING • high energy to interact with atoms and produce
RADIATION biologic injury
• Most common use : gamma, beta and electrons
X-ray parts
• Operating console
• High frequency generator
• X-ray tube
• Others
• Collimator
• Grid
• Bucky
• X-ray film
IMAGE PROCESSING
AUTOMATIC

computed developing
radiography (CR) rinsing
fixing
washing

MANUAL
drying
 SCATTER RADIATION

When useful xray

beam interacts with
objects, it results in
the production of a
secondary beam
known as the
SCATTERED
RADIATION
 • C/kg or Roentgen (R)
• amount of charge (electrons) liberated per kilogram of air
(ionization)

Exposure
• Gray (Gy) or Rad

Absorbed • amount of energy deposited or absorbed per kilogram of tisue

• 1 Gy = 1 Joule/Kg
• 100 Rad = 1 Joule/Kg
• 1 Rad = 1/100 Gy

dose
• Sieverts (Sv) or Rem

Effective • amount of biological damage

• gives a measure dose as if received by the whole body
• used to equatedose to risk
• 1 Sv = 1 joule/Kg

dose • 100 Rem = 1 Joule/Kg

• 1 Sv = 1/100 Rem
 BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF
RADIATION
• Dose dependent
• Result in cell death and DNA break
Deterministic • Occurs when a treshold level of
radiation has been exceeded
• The higher dose, the greater injury

• Cause DNA damage to single cells

(mutation)
Stochastic • All or none phenomenon
• The severity effect of mutation is
unrelated to the dose
 Deterministic Stochastic

• skin erythema: 2-5 Gy • Cancer induction

• irreversible skin
damage: 20-40 Gy
• hair loss: 2-5 Gy
• sterility: 2-3 Gy
• cataracts: 0.5 Gy
• lethality (whole body):
3-5 Gy
• fetal abnormality:
0.1-0.5 Gy
PRINCIPLE OF
RADIATION
PROTECTION
ALARA
• “as low as reasonably achievable”
• 3 basic protective measures in radiation safety 
• Reduce TIME of your exposure
• Increase DISTANCE from the source
• Make use of available SHIELDING
Thermoluminescent
dosimeter (TLD) Personal dosimeter
RADIATION AND PREGNANCY

• Risk of
• Spontaneous abortion(15%)
• Genetic abnormalities (4-10%)
• Birth malformations (2-4%)
• Recommendations for pregnant workers (The National
Nuclear Commision guideline):
• <5 mSv of equivalent dose exposure during the entire
pregnancy
• <0,5 mSv/mo.