BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

SKILLS AND HUMANITIES

COURSEWORK.

BY DAY AND EVENING GROUP OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING.

YEAR ONE SEMESTER ONE  KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY
NAME REGISTRATION NUMBER
KASORO GEORGE WILLIAM M. 21/U/CHD/3557/PD
ATUHAIRE LOYCE 21/U/CHE/1991/PE
ANYAU JUSTIN 21/U/CHE/1590/PE
ANKUNDA DELIC 21/U/CHE/1563/PE
KIZITO FRED 21/U/CHE/4151/PE
MUNIINA PIUS 21/U/CHE/5303/PE
KASULE BLESSING SAMUEL 21/U/CHD/138/GV
KISEKKA ALVIN 21/U/CHD/4071/PD
KANSIIME ZAMUDA 21/U/CHD/3469/PD
NANKABIIRWA FRIDAUS 21/U/CHD/15787/PD
BALIREMWA RITAH NASSUUNA 21/U/CHD/2356/PD
ATWINE IAN 21/U/CHD/2090/PD
 Human population refers to the number of people living in a particular area at a
particular time.
Development is the process of coming into existence or creating something new
and more advanced.

 Challenges of the rapid population growth in Uganda.

Rapid population growth can simply mean the high speeds at which the number of
people residing in a specific area increases over a specific given time period. A
rapidly growing population experiences a lot of issues which maybe both
environmental and man-made, economic, social and political. They include the
following;

Huge numbers of people normally are associated with high rates of

criminality and moral decay due to idleness and disorderly conduct of unemployed
youth. They resort to using the jungle law that states “Survival is for the fittest.”
And start doing illegal acts like theft, murder, burglary, rape and defilement of
females, gambling and many other activities that make them a social nuisance in
their residential areas. For example earlier this year it was reported that along
Northern by-pass from 8p.m onwards, a group of individuals would throw bricks
into the windscreen of cars passing by Nansana hence injuring the driver and
providing them with the chance of robbing him or her clean on spot. Last year,
Uganda experienced heavy suicide bombing in three different locations in
Kampala: killing and injuring many civilians and security officers.

Overcrowding on land leading to land fragmentation whereby many

people share a small piece of land that is not adequate for them to carry out human
activities. Examples of such areas are Katanga and Bwaise. Those who cannot
cope up with that struggle decide to obtain land illegally and forcefully by
encroaching on swamps, forests and even game parks. This leads to displacement
of wild animals hence attacks on humans and large volumes of water that later
return as flash floods. For example, some part of the Kampala-Entebbe Express
Highway was built in a swamp and Fuel deposits have been established in Kajjansi
after clearing the swamp that was existing there.

Poor or inadequate service delivery as the Ugandan Government is

not able to cater for everyone since the population is getting bigger and bigger
each day. The capital city, Kampala is given first priority in terms of services and
infrastructure development ahead of other rural and far away districts since all
people living within are easily given access. Also, in cases where the Government
is able to provide social services like health and social amenities like electricity,
they are really poor and limited to the few that can manage. For example, schools
in Kampala are considered the best and charge around one million shillings while
those of rural schools are poor and charge four hundred thousand shillings only for
education.

There is an increased outbreak and spread of diseases since people

are so close to one another and are not able to take cautionary measures to protect
themselves. Communicable diseases like tuberculosis and COVID are easily
transmitted from one person to another and incase an infected person is left to
freely roam around without any form of protection, it could be fatal for the
community. Also epidemics like Ebola and Marburg can breakout and if not dealt
with at initial stages, it can quickly become a pandemic. As Uganda, we felt the
effect of COVID-19 which originated from Wuhan city but quickly became a
pandemic in less than four months as it had already scattered across the world and
claimed many lives.
 High levels of unemployment as many people are applying for the
same job that they all can`t have. Competition is really high nowadays and in
order to be the lucky one, one has to go through a large number of processes like
screening of applicants, interviews and then also agreeing a contract in which most
cases, the employer would prefer cheaper labour. Talks may break down or infact
not start at all and hence many youth have been left idle and wondering around
town without jobs or even applying some knowledge attained from school to start
their own businesses. Some jobs do not consider gender balance and only favour
one gender for the job.

Food insecurity is experienced since the number of people in an area

cannot be satisfied by the available food hence leading to famine and hunger. In
the events of land being fragmented, people cannot get space for carrying out crop
cultivation and also when the soil is exhausted and infertile, no food can be grown
and no animals can be reared. The food shortage can also be a cause of terrible
weather conditions like a lot of sunlight and heavy rains as a result of heavy
industrialization. For example, people in Northern Uganda have very little food to
feed on hence their being malnourished.

High pollution levels due to heavy industrialization and poor waste

management that have greatly affected the environment and the human population.
Air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution are examples of the pollution forms
that have barred humanity from freely accessing the natural resources that are
God-given. They have left an effect on environment in the form of global warming
and acid rain and for humans, health complications like cancer, asthma,
pneumonia and many more. For example, Kampala is more polluted than Kigezi
since it has more industries.
 Due to a large population, the land occupied experiences exhaustion
since the land is used for different uses at the same time. Many people carry out
several activities like mining, farming, industrialization on the same piece of land
and the soil eventually loses fertility and its properties. For example, areas like
Namanve are multi-purpose and the land will eventually become unfertile after
some years since industrialization, farming and other economic activities are
carried out simultaneously.

Standards of living in a country is also affected by its population. In

some parts of Uganda for example in Katanga, the standards of living are low and
housing conditions are very poor which lead to health problems resulting from
poor sanitation like cholera and typhoid.

Rapid Population Growth is a good thing but has to be planned for. Otherwise, the
effects it could have are severe for both the environment and mankind.

 Benefits derived from population.

There are many benefits got from a population and they include the following:

It is a source of labour force to do work like processing raw

materials to form finished goods in factories, farming and many other economic
activities. The more employees a company has, the more work is done and hence
time saving. For example, food production is increased with more number of
workers in a garden.

Economic growth and development due to business transactions

between people in businesses.
 The Ugandan Government earns revenue from the population by
individual taxation or organizational taxation or taxation of goods. This enables
them to continue with their official duties like paying salaries, budgeting and
provision of social services for the nation and so on. The larger the population, the
more revenue earned.

Businesses earn income after selling their merchandise to the

population which is used to pay employees and the rest is kept as business profits
and capital. This money is used to improve on the standards of living. Besides
that, market for the produce is also obtained and can be expanded into the
diaspora. For example, Lato Milk has a very good market in East Africa and it is
even expected to grow further since it was advertised during the 2020 Dubai Expo.

It is a source of social security whereby people make friends and

relations in neighborhoods. So incase of any problem or situation, they can be able
to help out and save a soul. One can also be certain that incase he or she cannot
defend themselves, then the community can do it on their behalf. For example in
the cases of domestic violence or theft, the community can come to the victim`s
rescue.

Urbanization and Industrialization through development of

infrastructure like roads, hospitals, schools, processing plants hence high quality
social services and amenities being offered. This will lead to the formation of
cities like Arua, Soroti and many others.

Innovation and creativity where people are able to start up jobs to

employ themselves so as to earn a living and also to create scientific
breakthroughs which keep on making life on earth very simple. For example Kiira
 Motors is a Ugandan company that manufactures vehicles that use electricity
which is cleaner and environment friendly than fossil fuels as a fuel.
Increased demand of equipment and human basic needs by people
within Uganda thus stimulating investment from foreigners and even local people
thus development of new technology in form of importation of machines from the
western world.

 Causes of population growth in Uganda.

Population growth is favoured by many factors: man-made and natural and they
include the following:

Food security has greatly led to population growth whereby most

households give birth to a good number of children anyhow having it in mind that
they have plenty of food on which their growing population can be fed on t low
costs.

High levels of Immigration whereby various groups or individuals

come to Uganda such as investors most especially from China and India, refugees
from the different countries especially its neighbors for example Democratic
Republic of Congo, South Sudan due to political conflicts in their countries have
continuously fled into Uganda. These refugees live for an indefinite time and some
have continuously given birth to many children in settlement camps for example in
Kiryandongo and Koboko settlement camps hence increasing the population of
Uganda.

Technological advancements especially in the agricultural sector that

have favoured increased food production regardless of the season to cater for the
increasing population growth unlike in the past which has led to increasing
population growth.

Improved provision of social services like medical facilities that are

well equipped with trained personnel, better schools, water and electricity, good
infrastructure have led to population growth. These services and amneties motivate
people to give birth for example in Kampala where such services are provided in
good condition unlike in places such as Moroto as provision of social services
those ends is not good.

High fertility rate in women whereby each woman can give birth to
an average of four children per family has led to population growth especially in
Western and Eastern Uganda. This is due to high rates of conception brought
about by the nutritive food stuffs they feed on which boost their bodies for
reproduction.

Low death rates and high birth rates as a result of improved medical
services for various diseases such as ARVs for HIV/AIDS and use of
chemotherapy to kill cancer cells. The development of vaccines for diseases like
polio, measles that would be able to reduce the population in the shortest time
possible. Yet at the same instant, women are giving birth to many children.
Thereby leading to increased population.

Ignorance about use of family planning and birth control methods

especially by people in rural areas. This had greatly encouraged them to use the
traditional methods like breast feeding method which is not effective and negative
attitudes towards the modern family planning methods like use of birth pills. This
encourages them to give birth with such wring mindsets.
 Early marriages amongst most young girls especially in illiterate
families in rural parts of Uganda has led to population growth today. This has been
realized that a girl marrying at 13 will have on average 26% more children over
her lifetime than if she had married at 18 since these marriage partners are not
aware of the dangers of having many children.

 Description of Uganda’s population structure.

Population structure
This is defined as the distribution of people in a population according to designated
demographic traits like age, sex, country of birth, marital status, and dependency ratio.

The graph below shows the increase in population of Uganda Over a period of
time and the estimated growth
Based on current projections, Uganda’s population is expected to surpass 100 million
people by 2050 and reached 167 million people by the end of the century

Uganda’s population growth rate is currently 3.32%. The growth rate has remained
around 3% for the past several decades in Uganda. This is influenced heavily by the
country’s fertility rate of 5.0 births per woman. At this growth, over 1 million people
are added to the population each year.

Uganda’s Area and Population Density

The total area that Uganda claims within their boundaries comes to 241,038 square
kilometers. The density of the population overall is approximately 183 individuals per
square kilometer.

Population density is the number of people living in a particular area per square
kilometer.

While 84% of residents live in rural areas instead of the developing urban areas, the
major cities still boast a large number of inhabitants. Consider Kampala with 1,353,189
residents and Gulu with 146,858.

Uganda’s urbanization

Uganda Demographics

Tribes

Uganda is one of the countries that houses rich ethnic diversity, which includes most of
its population speaking three major languages ; Bantu, Nilotic and Central Sudanic.
Furthermore, the number of ethnic groups present in Uganda is very large, making it one
of the most ethnically diverse countries in the region.

 The main ethnic group is called the Gander, which makes up 16.9% of the population,
followed by the Nkole which makes up 9.5%, Soga which make up 8.4%, and Kiga tribe
which makes up 6.9%.

There are many other tribes; however, they constitute a very small percentage of the total
population.

Life expectancy

The life expectancy in the country is around 64.4 years, with the life expectancy of males
being 62 years and 66.7 years for females.

Ages

Due to the high marriage rate in the country, the age structure is skewed towards the
younger generations with 48.47% of the Uganda population being in the 0-14 year-old
age group. 

After that, 28.34% of the population of Uganda is in the 25-64 year age group.

Lastly, 21.16% of the total population is dominated by the 15-24 year age group.
Just 2.04% of the population is 65 or older.

Fertility rate

The Total Fertility Rate (TFR), which is described as the number of children per
woman, of Uganda is one of the highest in the region and has remained on average
around 5.0 in the past decade. As of 2022, the fertility rate for the country is 6.

Religion, Economy and Politics

The inhabitants of Uganda are mainly Roman Catholic and make up 39.3% of the total
population.

Anglicans represent 32% of the population, Muslim and Pentecostal believers represent
13.7% and 11.1% of the total population respectively.
Sex ratio

Most importantly, as its sex ratio is roughly 1:1 with males housing a very slender
majority, it can become a country that relies strongly on its women in all aspects of life.

Key Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of

the age and sex of a population.

Types:

 Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger

age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top
(high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population.
 Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people,
indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller
than the previous one).

 Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age

group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

 |Solutions to population growth.

There are many ways of solving population growth and they include the following:
The Ugandan Government, through medical personnel and
counsellors can carry out mass sensitization about population growth especially in
rural areas since their literacy rate is very high. They can be able to access
guidance and counselling for better family management and many other topics like
advantages and disadvantages of a huge population can be discussed.

Encouraging family planning for each individual couple so as to give

birth in a systematic format that will enable them to look after their children.
Medical personnel, in particular, are most favourable to talk about birth control
methods to people especially who may not know the use some devices like the
IUDs and condoms as well as surgical procedures like vasectomy and tubal
ligation. This can save the country billions of funds and can instead use them to
provide better services to its citizens.

The Government can also solve population growth in some areas of

Uganda by providing better social amenities like electricity, water and social
services like education, medical treatment especially to areas which lack them. For
example during 2020 lockdown, eight new cities including Fort Portal and Gulu,
were given city status so to check on the population that was always bound to
come to Kampala to look for a living and also, reduce the current one living in
Kampala. The Government is also working tirelessly to build new infrastructure
like roads and buildings so as to attract foreign investors and improve on Ugandan
standards of living.

Implementing and enforcing laws that set limits on number of

children per family like a maximum of 4 per family so as to check on the rate of
population growth. This leaf can be borrowed from well developed countries like
China, Japan and the United States of America which have very few cases of more
than the average number of children per family so as to concentrate more on the
Uganda`s development. Incase the law is broken, fines or jail terms can be served
as punishment and also mandatory vasectomy and tubal ligation.

People can be deliberately chased out of overpopulated regions and

can be transferred to those which are less populated. This helps to even out the
population distributions and make them almost reach a similar figure. For
example, people can migrate out of Kampala and settle in regions like Karamoja,
Kigezi so as to also develop those areas and show that there are signs of life being
made without need of over congestion at the same point. People who have retired
and are in their last stages of life should be advised to go back to villages and
leave the city for young, energetic people so as to help in population checking.
NAME REGISTRATION NUMBER
KASORO GEORGE WILLIAM M. 21/U/CHD/3557/PD
ATUHAIRE LOYCE 21/U/CHE/1991/PE
ANYAU JUSTIN 21/U/CHE/1590/PE
ANKUNDA DELIC 21/U/CHE/1563/PE
KIZITO FRED 21/U/CHE/4151/PE
MUNIINA PIUS 21/U/CHE/5303/PE
KASULE BLESSING SAMUEL 21/U/CHD/138/GV
KISEKKA ALVIN 21/U/CHD/4071/PD
KANSIIME ZAMUDA 21/U/CHD/3469/PD
NANKABIIRWA FRIDAUS 21/U/CHD/15787/PD
BALIREMWA RITAH NASSUUNA 21/U/CHD/2356/PD
ATWINE IAN 21/U/CHD/2090/PD