Reality :

Reality is the sum or aggregate of all that is real or existent within a system, as opposed to that which is
only imaginary.

Reality can be defined in a way that links it to worldviews or parts of them (conceptual frameworks):
Reality is the totality of all things, structures (actual and conceptual), events (past and present) and
phenomena, whether observable or not. It is what a world view (whether it be based on individual or
shared human experience) ultimately attempts to describe or map.

Reality is indistinguishable and inseparable from human perception and understanding. A material
object exists only to the extent that a human being perceives the object. There simply and literally is no
reality beyond the perceptions or beliefs we each have about reality.

"Perception is reality" "Life is how you perceive reality"

There is no objective reality, whether acknowledged explicitly or not.

The passage of time is an illusion.

An internal perceptual copy of that world generated by neural processes in our brain.

The reality of everyday life is the most important one since our consciousness requires us to be
completely aware and attentive to the experience of everyday life.

Perception

Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to

represent and understand the presented information or environment.

Perception is shaped by the recipient's learning, memory, expectation, and attention.

The processing of Perception happens outside conscious awareness.

The perceptual systems of the brain enable individuals to see the world around them as stable, even
though the sensory information is typically incomplete and rapidly varying.

Human and animal brains are structured in a modular way, with different areas processing different kinds
of sensory information. Some of these modules take the form of sensory maps, mapping some aspect of
the world across part of the brain's surface. These different modules are interconnected and influence
each other. For instance, taste is strongly influenced by smell.
 Perceptual System

A perceptual system is a computational system (biological or artificial) designed to make inferences

about properties of a physical environment based on senses.

In this context, a scene is defined as information that can flow from a physical environment into a
computational system via sensory transduction. A sensory organ (biological or artificial) is used to
capture this information. Therefore, any perceptual system must incorporate input from at least one
sensory organ.

Sensor

A sensor is a device that produces an output signal for the purpose of sensing of a physical phenomenon.

Scene statistics

Scene statistics is a discipline within the field of perception. It is concerned with the statistical
regularities related to scenes. It is based on the premise that a perceptual system is designed to interpret
scenes.

Biological perceptual systems have evolved in response to physical properties of natural environments.
Therefore natural scenes receive a great deal of attention.

primary purpose of perception is to guide action

Perspective :

Relation between "appearance" and reality, i.e., how our Perspective are connected with reality.

everything we know can be reduced to mental phenomena.

There are no absolute facts regarding norms of belief, justification, or rationality

There are no absolute truths, i.e., that truth is always relative to some particular frame of reference, such
as a language or a culture

Truth itself is relative

propositional attitude

A propositional attitude is an attitude, i.e., a mental state held by an agent toward a proposition.
Examples of such attitudes are "to believe in something", "to desire something", "to guess something",
"to remember something", etc.

Perspective may be analyzed as structured sets of propositional attitudes.

individual vs. collective points of view, personal vs. non-personal, non-conceptual vs. conceptual

points of views, or perspectives, are ways of having access to the world and to ourselves

points of view are "ways of viewing things and events from certain locations"

Propositional attitudes are often assumed to be the fundamental units of thought and their contents,
being propositions, are true or false from the perspective of the person. An agent can have different
propositional attitudes toward the same proposition

truth being relative to the individual, the position or purpose of the individual, or the conceptual scheme
within which the truth was revealed.

any moral propositions are true in any sense

Their Sense of Self is the group

where we came from, how we arrived

at our current state, and the mechanisms of mind that define what it means to be human.

although multiple pressures drove the evolution of human intelligence, “the core selective force was
social competition

many of the cognitive heuristics human mind contains are “adaptively biased

the “descent illusion” and “auditory looming bias” are perceptual biases that solve problems of survival.
Humans may not be rational according to standards of formal logic or domain-free statistical models of
rational decision making. But they are “adaptively rational”

Each moral emotion seems tailored to a specific kind of conduct. The adaptive problems they solve can
be grouped into three major classes: (1) respect for authority—restraining one’s selfish urges by
deferring to those in a dominant position and obeying laws, rules, and commandments from higher
authority; (2) a thirst for justice—the adaptive value of cooperation and reciprocity, including the
punishment of cheaters to avoid the collapse of beneficial mutualism; and (3) the evolution of care—the
adaptive value of devotion, sympathy, giving toward allies, mates, and kin
The conditions that make group selection likely—such as (a) a high degree of “shared fate” of members
within the group, (b) low levels of reproductive competition within the group, and (c) recurrent patterns
of differential reproduction and extinction of groups.

(1) natural selection occurs throughout the life span, but selection tends to be especially strong early in
life—if an individual fails to survive infancy and childhood, it cannot reproduce; (2) adaptations in infancy
and childhood can solve adaptive problems at a particular time during development (e.g., the suckling
reflex of the infant functions to obtain breast milk), or prepare the individual for an adaptive problem
later in life (e.g., rough and tumble play in boys might prepare them for physical contests when they
enter reproductive competition); (3) the extended childhood characteristics of humans prepare them for
the complexities of social living later in life; (4) children have conditional adaptations, which allow them
to respond flexibly to features of the childhood environment with strategies that are effective in coping
with environments that those features statistically predict (Boyce & ellis, 2005); and (5) gene-
environment interactions occur throughout development.