CHE 426 (Spring 2019) __________________

LAST NAME, FIRST

Quiz #1
Note: Your answers must be correct to 3 significant figures and have the appropriate units.

7 A B C
I. = + +
s  s  8s  12 
2
s s  r1 s  r2

In this equation, r1 > r2

(1) B= ____________

A B C A B C
+ + = + +
s s  r1 s  r2 s s6 s2

7 = A(s2 + 8s + 12) + Bs(s + 2) + Cs(s + 6)

s = −6  B = 7/(6)/( 6 + 2) = 0.2917

(2) C= ____________

s = −2  C = 7/(2)/( 2 + 6) = −0.875

II. (3) In tank A are 200 gal of brine containing 80 lbs of pure water
4GPM 4GPM
dissolved salts. Solution from this tank runs at a rate of 4
4GPM
GPM into a second tank, B, which contains initially 100 gal
of brine with a concentration of 0.2 lb/gal of solution.
Similarly, solution runs from tank B at the same rate.
Determine the concentration of salt in tank A after 20 A B
minutes.

d (VA  A )
=  4A  A = 0.4exp( 0.02t) = 0.4exp( 0.02×20) = 0.2681 lb/gal
dt

III. (4) Consider a heat exchanger where the process outlet temperature is controlled by varying
the steam flow rate to the exchanger. __________

A. The controller compares the setpoint to the actual process outlet temperature and send
out an appropriate signal to the control valve.
B. Temperature sensor with longer time constant is more desirable.

a. A and B are true b. Only A is true c. Only B is true d. A and B are false (A)
 5( s  2)
IV. (5) Given Y(s) = . Determine y(t  ∞) =
s  s  1 s  2 
_________

 5( s  2) 
y(t  ∞) = lim  sY ( s) = lim   =−5
s 0 s 0  s  1 s  2 
 

V. (6) Two consecutive, first order reactions take place in a perfectly mixed, isothermal
continuous reactor (CSTR).
k1 k2
A B C
Volumetric flow rates (F) and density are constant. The reactor operates at steady state. The inlet
stream to the reactor contains only A with CA,in = 10 kmol/m3. If k1 = 2 min-1, k2 = 3 min-1, F =
K
0.1 m3/min, V = 2 m3, and CB = where ( = V/F), determine the numerical value
1+k1 1+k2 
(with correct unit) of K.
_________
CA,in
0 = CA,inF  k1CAV  CAF  CA,in  k1CA  CA = 0  CA = ,
1+k1
k1CA
0 = (k1CA  k2CB)V  CBF  (k1CA  k2CB)  CB = 0  CB =
1+k2
K = k1CA,in = 2×(2/.1)×10 = 400 kmol/m3

VI.(7) Water flows steadily through a 2-in.-inside diameter pipe at the rate of 170 gal/min (1 ft3
= 7.48 gal). The 2-in. pipe branches into two 1-in.- inside diameter pipes. If the average velocity
in one of the 1-in. pipes is 25 ft/s, the average velocity in the other 1-in. pipe is

__________

170/(7.48×60) = ×25/(4×144) + ×V/(4×144)

V = [4×144×170/(7.48×60) − ×25]/ = 44.4 ft/s

VII. (8) A two-lane highway carries cars traveling at an average speed of 60 mph. In a
construction zone, where the cars have merged into one lane, the average speed is 20 mph and
the average distance between front bumpers of successive cars is 25 ft. (1 mile = 5280 ft)

The average distance between front bumpers in each lane of the two-lane section is __________

D = 25×2×60/20 = 150 ft

VIII. (9) Find the Laplace transform of e-5tcos 3t

____________
 s
We have L{cos 3t} =  0
e st cos 3tdt = 2
s  32

Replacing s by s + 5 gives

s5
L{e-5tcos 3t} =
( s  5) 2  9

104 A Bs  C Ds  E F
IX. (10) F(s) = = + 2 + +
 s  1  s 2  4   s  10  s  1  s  4   s  10
2 2
s2  4

F= ____________

104 = A(s + 10)( s2 + 4)2 + (Bs + C)(s + 1)( s2 + 4)(s + 10) + (Bs + C)(s + 1)(s + 10) + F(s + 1)( s2 + 4)2

104
s = −10  F = = − 1/(104×9) = − 0.0010684
100  4   10  1
2
CHE 426 (Spring 2019) __________________
LAST NAME, FIRST
Quiz #1
Note: Your answers must be correct to 3 significant figures and have the appropriate units.

6 A B C
I. = + +
s  s  8s  15
2
s s  r1 s  r2

In this equation, r1 > r2

(1) B= ____________

A B C A B C
+ + = + +
s s  r1 s  r2 s s5 s3

6 = A(s + 5)(s + 3) + Bs(s + 3) + Cs(s + 5)

s = − 5  B = 6/(5)/( 5 + 3) = 0.6

(2) C= ____________

s = − 3  C = 6/(3)/( −3 + 5) = −1

II. In tank A are 200 gal of brine containing 60 lbs of pure water
4GPM 4GPM
dissolved salts. Solution from this tank runs at a rate of 4
4GPM
GPM into a second tank, B, which contains initially 100 gal
of brine with a concentration of 0.2 lb/gal of solution.
Similarly, solution runs from tank B at the same rate. The
differential equation describing the salt concentration in A B
d B
tank B (B) is given by: + aB = bexp( 0.02t).
dt
Determine the numerical values (with correct units) for a and b.

(3) a = ____________ and (4) b = _____________

d (VA  A )
=  4A  A = 0.3exp( 0.02t)
dt

d (VB  B )
= 4A  4B = 1.2exp( 0.02t)  4B
dt
d
100 B + 4B = 1.2exp( 0.02t)
dt
d B
+ 0.04B = 0.012exp( 0.02t)  a = 0.04 /min, b = 0.012 lb/(galmin)
dt
III. (5) A tank containing 5 m3 of 20% (by volume) NaOH solution is to be purged by adding
pure water at a rate of 2 m3/h. If the solution leaves the tank at a rate of 4 m3/h, determine the
time necessary to purge 99% of the NaOH by mass from the tank. Assume perfect mixing.
Specific gravity of pure NaOH is 1.22.

t(h) = ________

dmA  0.01mA,i 
=  mA F  dmA =  4 dt  ln   = 2ln(1  0.4t)
dt V mA 5  2t  mA,i 

ln(0.01) = ln(1  0.4t)2  t = (1  0.011/2)/.4 = 2.25 hr

25 A Bs  C Ds  E F
IV (6) F(s) = = + 2 + 2 +
 s  1  s 2  4   s  5 s  1  s  4   s5
2
s 4
2

A = ____________

25 = A(s + 5)( s2 + 4)2 + (Bs + C)(s + 1)( s2 + 4)(s + 5) + (Bs + C)(s + 1)(s + 5) + F(s + 1)( s2 + 4)2

25
s = −1  A = = 25/(25×4) = 0.25
1  4   1  5
2

V. (7) _________
A. Feedback and feedforward control both require a measured variable..
B. The process variable to be controlled is measured in feedback control.

a. A and B are true (A) b. Only A is true c. Only B is true d. A and B are false
VI. (8) In tank A are 300 gal of brine containing 400 lbs of dissolved salts. Solution from this
tank runs at a rate of 3 GPM into a second tank, B, which contains initially 500 gal of pure water.
Similarly, solution runs from tank B at the same rate (3 GPM). Assume perfect mixing,

A B

The steady state concentration of salt A(lb/gal) in tank B is _________

400/800 = 0.5 lb/gal

VII. An isothermal CSTR with a first-order irreversible reaction A —> B and

rA =  0.5CA mol/(ft3min)

has a constant flow rate of 8 ft3/min. The reactor volume is 100 ft3. The inlet concentration CAi
is 6 moles/ft3.

9) The steady state outlet concentration CA is _______________

FCAi  0.5 CAV  FCA = 0  CA = CAi/(0.5V/F + 1) = 6/(0.5×100/8 + 1) = 0.828 mol/ft3

10) At t = 0 the initial outlet concentration CA is 3.0 mol/ft3. Determine the outlet concentration
CA after 2 minute.

___________
dC A
= FCAi/V  0.2CA  FCA/V = 0.08×6  0.5CA  0.08CA = 0.48  0.58CA
dt
 0.48  0.58C A 
ln   = 0.58t  0.48 − 0.58CA = (0.48 − 1.74)exp(0.58t)
 0.48  0.58  3 

CA = [0.48 + 1.26exp(0.58×2)]/0.58 = 1.508 mol/ft3

CHE 426 (Spring 2019) __________________
LAST NAME, FIRST
Quiz #2 (50 minutes)
Note: Your answers must be correct to 3 significant figures and have the appropriate units.

I. 1) Plot the following function from t = 0 to t = 6: 2

f(t) = 0.5u(t − 2) − (0.5t − 3)u(t − 3) + (0.5t − 3)u(t − 4)

1.5

t = 2, f(t) = 0.5 1

f
t = 3, f(t) = 0.5 − 0.5t + 3 = 3.5 − 1.5 = 2
t  4, f(t) = 3.5 − 2 = 1.5 0.5

0
t > 4, f(t) = 0.5 − 0.5t + 3 + (0.5t − 3) = 0.5 0 1 2 3
t
4 5 6

II. Consider the given feed back loop with the Error Actuating Manipulated Disturbance
Signal Signal Variable X(s)
following transfer functions: R(s)
+ CV
Set point Gc G Gp
Y(s)

Gp 
1
, Gs  2, Gc 
2s  3
, and G  1
(Reference
input) -
2s  1 s Feedback Signal
Gs

2) Determine the numerical value of the transfer function Y(s)/ X(s) when s = 0.5 ________

1 1
Y ( s) Gp 2s  1 2  0.5  1
 = = = 0.05556
X ( s) 1  G pGs GcG 1  2 1(2s  3) 2 2  0.5  3
1
2s  1 s 2  0.5  1 0.5

3) Determine the steady state value of y (t ) when X(s) = 0 and R(s) = 1/s. ________

1 1(2s  3)
RGcGG p 1 2s  1 s 1 2s  3
Y(s) = = =
1  G p Gs GcG s 1  2 1(2s  3) s s(2s  1)  2(2s  3)
2s  1 s

lim lim 2s  3
y(t  ) = sY(s) = = 0.5
s0 s  0 s(2s  1)  2(2s  3)

Hot oil

III. 4) Consider the given control system with all

o
90 F
Refrigerant
FT
instrumentation in electronic (4 to 20 mA). If the range of o
50 F Heat
the orifice-differential pressure flow transmitter on the Cooler exchanger
water line is 0-1000 gpm, the value from the flow
transmitter is for a water flow rate of 300 gpm is: _______ Cooled oil
o
70 F
TT TC
2
 300 
4 + 16   = 5.44 mA
 1000 
IV. Consider the continuous stirred tank (CST) thermal mixer shown below:
(F1)spec
FC

FT
F1 F2

T1 T2

TT

The process parameters and variables are defined as:

F1: mass flow rate of stream 1 (initially 4 kg/s); F2: mass flow rate of stream 2 (4 kg/s)
M: mass of liquid in the mixer (100 kg) = constant (perfect level control)
T1: temperature of stream 1 (30oC); T2: temperature of stream 2 (90oC)
Ts: the time constant for the temperature sensor on the product stream (0.5 s) , the
dTs 1
dynamic model for the sensor is = (T  Ts) where T is the liquid temperature in the tank
dt  Ts
and Ts is the sensor temperature. Reference temperature is 0oC. At time equal to 0 seconds, the
liquid temperature in the tank is 60oC, a step change in the flow rate for stream 1 is made from 4
kg/s to 8 kg/s. The temperature sensor can be obtained by solving the following ODE where time
is in second:

dTs
+ ATs = B + Cexp(Dt). Determine the numerical values with correct units for B, C, and D
dt

5) B = __________ 6) C = __________ 7) D = __________

__________
dT dT
M = F1T1 + F2T2  (F1 + F2)T  100 = (8)(30) + (4)(90)  12T = 600  12T
dt dt
T
dT 600  12T
100  = t   ln = .12t  T = 50 + 10exp(0.12t)
60
600  12T 600  12  60

dTs 1 dTs
= (T  Ts)  + 2Ts = 100 + 20exp(0.12t)
dt 0.5 dt

B = 100oC/s C = 20oC/s D = 0.12/s

V. The temperature of a CSTR is controlled by an electronic (4 to 20 mA) feedback control
system containing (1) a 100 to 300oF temperature transmitter, (2) a PI controller with integral
time set at 2 minutes and proportional band at 20, and (3) a control valve with linear trim, air-to-
open action, and Cv = 40 gpm/psi0.5 through which cooling water flows. The pressure drop across
the valve is a constant 20 psi.

8) If the steady state controller output, CO, is 14 mA, how much cooling water is going through
the valve?

____________
Pv
F = Cv f(x) = Cv f(x) Pv
SG

14  4
At CO = 14 mA, stem position x = = 0.625. For linear trim f(x) = 0.625. The steady
20  4
cooling water through the valve is

F = (40)(0.625) 20 = 111.8 gpm

9) If a sudden disturbance increases reactor temperature by 10oF, what will be the immediate
change on the controller output?

CO = _________

 16 mA 
Tm = 10 oF   = 0.8 mA
 200 F 
o

 100 
CO = KcTm =   (0.8) = 4.0 mA
 20 

VI. (10) A tank containing 4 m3 of 20% (by volume) NaOH solution is to be purged by adding
pure water at a rate of 2 m3/h. The solution leaves the tank at a rate of 3 m3/h. Assume perfect
mixing. Specific gravity of pure NaOH is 1.22. Determine the time necessary to purge 60% of
the NaOH by mass from the tank.
t(h) = ________

dmA  0.4mA,i 
=  mA F  dmA =  3 dt  ln   = 3ln(1  0.25t)
dt V mA 4t  mA,i 

ln(0.4) = ln(1  0.25t)3  t = (1  0.41/3)/.25 = 1.0528 hr

CHE 426 (Spring 2019) __________________
LAST NAME, FIRST
Quiz #2 (50 minutes)
Note: Your answers must be correct to 3 significant figures and have the appropriate units.
Error Actuating Manipulated Disturbance
I. Consider the given feed back loop with the Signal Signal Variable X(s)
R(s)
following transfer functions: + CV
Set point Gc G Gp
Y(s)
1 2s  3
(Reference
input) -
Gp  , Gs  2, Gc  , and G  1
2s  1 s Feedback Signal
Gs

1) Determine the numerical value of the transfer function Y(s)/ R(s) when s = 0.5 ________

1 1(2s  3)
GcGG p 2s  3
= 2s  1
Y ( s) s
 = = 0.444
R( s) 1  G p Gs GcG 1  2 1(2 s  3) s(2s  1)  2(2s  3)
2s  1 s

2) Determine the steady state value of y (t ) when X(s) = 1/s and R(s) = 0. ________
1
X ( s)G p 1 2s  1 1 s
Y(s) = = =
1  G p Gs GcG s 1  2 1(2s  3) s s(2s  1)  2(2s  3)
2s  1 s

lim lim s
y(t  ) = sY(s) = =0
s0 s  0 s(2s  1)  2(2s  3)

II. Consider the water supply control system in a drum-boiler

that generated saturated steam.

3) If the range of the orifice-differential pressure flow

transmitter on the saturated steam line is 100-300 gpm, the
value from the flow transmitter in mA for a steam flow rate
of 200 gpm is:
__________

 200  100 
2

4 + 16   = 8 mA
 300  100 

4) At the design conditions, the water insider the boiler is saturated at 100oC, the inlet and outlet gases to
the boiler are 500oC and 200oC respectively. The area for heat transfer is 70 m2 and the overall heat
transfer coefficient is 1000 W/m2K. Determine the feed water flow rate in kg/s if the heat of
evaporation is 1941 kJ/kg for saturated water at 100oC.
____________

400  100 UATlm 1000  70  216.4

Tlm = = 216.4  m = = = 7.8 kg/s.
ln
400 H evap 1,941,000
100
III. An isothermal CSTR with a first-order irreversible reaction A —> B and

rA = − 0.2 CA mol/(ft3 - min)

has a constant flow rate of 8 ft3/min. The reactor volume is 40 ft3 . If the inlet concentration CAi
changes from 2.2 to 6 moles/ft3 (a step change) determine

5) The initial steady state concentration in the tank _________

0 = Fv (CAi  CA)  Vr k CA  0 = CAi  CAs  k CAs

CAs = CAi/(1 + k) = 2.2/(1 + 5×0.2) = 2.2/2 = 1.1 moles/ft3

6) The process time constant is (numerical value with unit) _________

In terms of the deviation variables:

dC A
Vr = Fv (CAi  CA)  Vr k CA  sCA(s) = CAi(s)  CA(s)  k CA(s)
dt

CA(s)/CAi(s) = 1/(s + k + 1) =1/(5s + 2)

Process time constant = 5/2 = 2. 5 min

7) The steady state gain is (numerical value with unit) __________

Steady state gain = 1/2 = 0.5

VI. . Consider the continuous stirred tank (CST) thermal mixer shown below:
(F1)spec
FC

FT
F1 F2

T1 T2

TT

The process parameters and variables are defined as:

F1: mass flow rate of stream 1 (initially 4 kg/s); F2: mass flow rate of stream 2 (4 kg/s)
M: mass of liquid in the mixer (100 kg) = constant (perfect level control)
T1: temperature of stream 1 (30oC); T2: temperature of stream 2 (90oC)
Ts: the time constant for the temperature sensor on the product stream (0.5 s) , the
dTs 1
dynamic model for the sensor is = (T  Ts) where T is the liquid temperature in the tank
dt  Ts
and Ts is the sensor temperature. Reference temperature is 0oC. At time equal to 0 seconds, the
liquid temperature in the tank is 60oC, a step change in the flow rate for stream 1 is made from 4
kg/s to 8 kg/s. In term of the deviation variables and unit of time in second, the temperature
sensor in Laplace domain is given by (Note: B < C):

1 A
Ts(s) =
s ( s  B)( s  C )

8) A = __________ 9) B = __________ 10) C = __________

dT dT
M = F1T1 + F2T2  (F1 + F2)T  100 = (8)(30) + (4)(90)  12T = 600  12T
dt dt

dT 6 1
= 6  0.12T  sT(s) = 6/s  0.12T(s)  T(s) =
dt s ( s  0.12)

dTs 1 2 6 1 2 1 12
= (T  Ts)  Ts(s) = T(s) = =
dt 0.5 ( s  2) s ( s  0.12) ( s  2) s ( s  0.12)( s  2)

A = 12 B = 0.12 C=2
CHE 426 (Spring 2019) __________________
LAST NAME, FIRST
Quiz #3
Note: Your answers must be correct to 3 significant figures and have the appropriate units.

I. Consider the following CSTR with first order reaction and the process parameters and
variables are given by
FC
CA: reactant concentration (initially
0.25 mol/L) FT
CA0: feed concentration (1.0 mol/L)
Cp: heat capacity of the reactor feed Feed
and product (1000 cal/kgK) = Cv
E/R: normalized activation energy (21,000 K)
F: mass feed rate and product rate (10 kg/s)
k0: rate constant (1.97×1024 s-1) Product
Q: heat addition rate (initially 700,000 cal/s)
T: reactor temperature (initially 350 K)
AT
T0: feed temperature (400 K)
t: time (s)
Vr: reactor volume (100 L)
: the constant density of the reactor feed and product (1 kg/L)
Hrxn: heat of reaction (120,000 cal/mol)

1) Determine the reaction rate constant inside the reactor at t = 0. ________

k = k0exp( E/RT) = 1.97×1024 exp( 21000/350) = 0.01725 s-1

For question (2) & (3) use k = 1 s-1

dC A
2) Determine the initial ________
dt t 0

dC A dC A
Vr = Fv (CA0  CA)  Vr k CA  = [10(1  0.25)/100  1×0.25] =  0.175 mol/Ls
dt dt t 0

dT
3) Determine the initial ________
dt t 0

dT
 CpVr = FCp(T0  T)  Vr HrxnkCA + Q
dt

dT
= [10×1000(400  350)  100×120,000×1×0.25 + 700,000]/(1000×100) =  18 K/s
dt t 0
II) A second order response is given by

Y(t) = 1  1.2exp( 0.25t) sin(0.75t + 1.2), where t is in minute.

4) Determine the rise time with proper unit __________

sin(0.75t + 1.20) = 0  0.75t + 1.20 =   tr = (  1.2)/0.75 = 2.589 min.

5) Determine the period of oscillation with proper unit __________

 = 0.75 rad/min  f = 0.75/(2) = 0.11937 cycle/min  period = 8.378 min

III) Consider the given block diagram:

2

6) Determine the numerical value of the transfer +

function Y(s)/ X(s) when s = 0.5 X + +
4/(s+1) 1/(s+2)
________
4 1 -
Y ( s)
 s 1 s  2 =
4
5
X ( s) 1  5 4 1
2
4 ( s  1)(s  2)  20  8(s 2)
s 1 s  2 s 1
4
= = 1.0667
1.5  2.5  20  8  2.5

7) Determine the steady state value of y (t ) when X(s) = 1/s. ________

lim lim 4
y(t  ) = sY(s) = = = 2/3 = 0.667
s0 s0 ( s  1)(s  2)  20  8(s 2)
IV. (8) A thermometer having first-order dynamics with a time constant of 2 min is at 100oF. The
thermometer is suddenly placed in a bath at 180oF at t = 0. Calculate the thermometer reading at t
= 2 min.
_________

80
X(t) = 80u(t)  X(s) =
s

Y ( s) 1 1 80 1 1 2 
= =  Y(s) = = 80   
X ( s)  s  1 2s  1 s 2s  1  s 2s  1 

Y(t) = 80[1  exp(0.5t)]

At t = 2 min  Y(t) = 80[1  exp( 1)] = 50.57  150.57oF

V. At t = 0, an error is introduced into a system (t) = sin(0.5t) where t is in minute and  is in

mA.

(9) If the bias value of a PI controller is 12 ma, KC = 2, I = 5 minutes , determine the controller
output at 4 minutes
__________

4
CO = bias + KCsin(0.5t) + (KC/I) 0
sin(0.5t )dt = 12 + 2sin(0.5×4) − (2/2.5)[cos(2) − 1]

CO = 14.95 mA.

(10) If the bias value of a PD controller is 12 ma, KC = 2, d = 4 minutes , determine the

controller output at 4 minutes

d
CO = bias + KCsin(0.5t) + (KCd) = 12 + 2sin(0.5×4) + (2×4×0.5)cos(2)
dt

CO = 12.15 mA.
CHE 426 (Spring 2019) __________________
LAST NAME, FIRST
Quiz #3
Note: Your answers must be correct to 3 significant figures and have the appropriate units.

I. Consider the given feed back loop with the Error Actuating Manipulated
Variable
Disturbance
Signal Signal X(s)
following transfer functions: R(s)
+ CV
Set point Gc G Gp
Y(s)
1 s  2s  3
2 (Reference
input) -
Gp  , Gs  2, Gc  ,and G  1
2s  1 s Feedback Signal
Gs

1) Determine the numerical value of the transfer function Y(s)/ R(s) when s = 1 ________

1 1(s 2  2s  3)
s 2  2s  3
= 2s  1
Y ( s) GcGG p s
 = = 0.40
R( s) 1  G p Gs GcG 2 1(s 2  2 s  3) s(2s  1)  2(s 2  2s  3)
1
2s  1 s

2) Determine the steady state value of y (t ) when X(s) = 1/s and R(s) = 0. ________
1
Y(s) =
X ( s)G p
=
1 2s  1 =
1 s
1  G p Gs GcG s 2 1(s  2s  3) s s(2s  1)  2(s 2  2s  3)
2
1
2s  1 s

lim lim s
y(t  ) = sY(s) = =0
s0 s  0 s(2s  1)  2(s 2  2s  3)

II. The overhead vapor from a Vapor

depropanizer distillation column is Cooling Control valve

totally condensed in a water-cooled water Condenser

o
condenser at 120 F and 250 psig. PV
Cooling water inlet and outlet I/P
o
temperatures are 75 and 95 F, PC
Reflux drum PT
respectively. The condenser heat transfer PM CO
2
area is 1000 ft and the overall heat SP
o 2
transfer coefficient is 120 Btu/hr Fft .
The process pressure is measured by an electronic (4-20 mA) pressure transmitter whose range is
200-350 psig.
3) Calculate the cooling water flow rate (gpm) at design conditions. Water density is 62.3 lb/ft3
and 1 ft3 = 7.48 gal. Cp of water is 1 Btu/lboF.
____________
Q = 1000×120[(120 75)  (120  95)]/ln(45/25) = 4.0831×106 Btu/hr

Water flow rate = (4.0831×106)(7.48)/(20×1×62.3×60) = 408.5 gpm

4) If the cooling water flow rate is 300 gpm at design conditions, calculate the value of the signal
PM at design condition:
PM = _________
 250 - 200 
PM = 4 + 16   = 9.33 mA
 350 - 200 

w, Ti Water SP
III. Consider a kettle through which water flows TT
PM
TC
at a variable rate w [lb/min]. The entering water is
at temperature Ti [oF] which may vary with time.
The well-mixed water is heated by steam Steam jacket
condensing in the jacket at temperature Ts. Steam

w, T
Condensate

5) Assume negligible heat loss to the atmosphere, the energy equation for the water is given by

dT
MC = wC(Ti  T) + UA(Ts  T) where M, C, U, and A are constant.
dt

A. w is the mass flow rate of water into the tank.

B. U is the overall heat transfer coefficient for heat transfer between water and steam.

a. A and B are true ✓ b. Only A is true c. Only B is true d. A and B are false

6) A. The ordinary differential equation in (5) is a linear differential equation

B. Both the water temperature and the steam jacket temperature are functions of time.

a. A and B are true ✓ b. Only A is true c. Only B is true d. A and B are false

7)
A. The control valve on the steam line is fails shut.
B. The bias value for the current leaving the temperature controller is normally 4 mA.

a. A and B are true A b. Only A is true ✓ c. Only B is true d. A and B are false
IV. 8) Consider the given feed back loop with the Error Actuating Manipulated
Variable
Disturbance
Signal Signal X(s)
following transfer functions: R(s)
CV
1 2s  3 Set point
+
Gc G Gp
Gp  , Gs  2, Gc  ,and G  1 Y(s)
2s  1 s
(Reference
input) -
Feedback Signal
Determine the offset when X(s) = 0 and R(s) = 1/s. Gs

1 1(2s  3)
2s  3 2s  3
= 2s  1
Y ( s) GcGG p s 1
 =  Y(s) =
R( s) 1  G p Gs GcG 1  2 1(2 s  3) s(2s  1)  2(2s  3) s s(2s  1)  2(2s  3)
2s  1 s

lim lim 2s  3
R(∞)  Y(∞) = s [R(∞)  Y(∞)] = 1− = 1 − 3/6 = 0.5
s0 s0 s(2s  1)  2(2s  3)

IV. A liquid storage tank is shown with a diameter of qi

10 ft. The tank has a valve which acts as a linear
resistance to flow with the flow-head relation of q =
6h, where q is in ft3/min and h is in ft. Suppose that h
each tank is initially at steady state with h = 6 ft and
q
qi = 36 ft3/min and that at time t = 0 the inlet flow
rate suddenly changes from 36 to 50 ft3/min. Tank 1
2
Note: The transfer function must be in term of s and number only, for example:
5s  1

9) Determine the transfer function H(s)/Qi(s): ____________

In term of the deviation variable
dH 1 1
A = Qi  6H  AsH(s) = Qi(s)  6H(s)  H(s)/Qi(s) = =
dt As  6 78.54 s  6

10) The liquid level h in the tank after 5 minute is ____________

dh dh  50  6h 
A = qi  9h = 50  6h  A = dt  (A/6)ln   =5
dt 50  6h  50  36 

50  6h = 14 exp(30/78.54)  h = (50  9.555)/6 = 6.74 ft

CHE 426 (Spring 2019) __________________
LAST NAME, FIRST
Quiz #4
Note: Your answers must be correct to 3 significant figures and have the appropriate units.

I) Consider the given block diagram:

2

1) Determine the numerical value of the transfer +

function Y(s)/ X(s) when s = 1 X + +
4/(s+1) 1/(s+2)
________
4 1 -
Y ( s)
 s 1 s  2 =
4
5
X ( s) 1  5 4 1
2
4 ( s  1)(s  2)  20  8(s 2)
s 1 s  2 s 1
4
= =2
2  3  20  8  3

2) Determine the steady state value of y (t ) when X(s) = 1.5/s. ________

lim lim 1.5  4

y(t  ) = sY(s) = = =1
s0 s0 ( s  1)(s  2)  20  8(s 2)

II) A PI controller has the characteristic equation: 6 Is2 + (1 + 12KC) Is + 12KC = 0, with KC = 2
and  I = 4. Put this equation into standard second-order form and determine the numerical values
for the time constant  and damping coefficient .

3)  = _____________ 4)  = _____________

6 Is2 + (1 + 12KC) Is + 12KC = 0  24s2 + 100s + 24 = 0

s2 + 4.1667s + 1 = 0 compared with the standard form: 2s2 + 2s + 1 = 0

 = 1,

2 = 4.1667   = 2.083

III. At t = 0, and error is introduced into a system (t) = 2sin(1.2t) where t is in minute and  is in
mA.
(5) If the bias value of a PI controller is 12 ma, KC = 3, I = 4 minutes , determine the controller
output at 4 minutes
__________
4
CO = bias + KC2sin(1.2t) + (KC/I) 0
2sin(1.2t )dt
= 12 + 3×2sin(1.2×4) − (3×2/4.8)[cos(4.8) − 1] = 7.16 mA.
6) If the bias value of a PD controller is 12 ma, KC = 3, d = 4 minutes , determine the controller
output at 4 minutes

d
CO = bias + KC2sin(1.2t) + (KCd) = 12 + 3×2sin(1.2×4) + (3×4×1.2×2)cos(4.8)
dt

CO = 8.54 mA.

IV)
Controller
Pure A

F, C0 F+m/A (Set point )

m
Composition
V, T1 V, T2 measuring
C1, k1 C2, k2 element
Sample stream
Product stream

Heating coil
Consider a Chemical-Reactor control system where a liquid stream enters tank 1 at a volumetric
flow rate F in cfm and contains reactant A at a concentration of C0 [mol A/ft3]. Reactant A
decomposes in the tanks according to the irreversible chemical reaction: A  B. The reaction is
first order with reaction rate constant k1 and k2 for tank 1 and tank 2 respectively. Data at initial
steady state: MwA = 100, A = 1 lbmol/ft3, C0s = 0.5 lbmol/ft3, F = 100 cfm, ms = 2.5 lbmol/min,
k1 = 0.5 min-1, k2 = 0.75 min-1, V = 200 ft3. Neglect the volumetric flow rate m/A compared to F.

7) Determine the initial steady state concentration C1s: _________

(F + k1V)C1s = FC0s + ms  C1s = (FC0s + ms)/(F + k1V)

100  0.5  2.5

C1s = = 0.2628 lbmol/ft3
100  0.5  200

8) Let C1d = C1  C1s, C0d = C0  C0s, and Md = m  ms. Determine the steady state gain
(numerical value with units) for the transfer function C1d(s)/Md (s)
___________

dC1 V dC1 F 1
V + (F + k1V)C1 = FC0 + m  + C1 = C0 + m
dt F  k1V dt F  k1V F  k1V

1/ F 1/100
Steady state gain = = = 0.005 min/ft3
1  k1 1  0.5  2
V) The five feedback control loops are shown for the distillation column below:

9) For the flow control loop FC-1:

A. Flow rate of the feed stream is the controlled variable.
B. Flow rate of the feed stream is the manipulated variable..

a. A and B are true ✓ b. Only A is true c. Only B is true d. A and B are false

10) For the level control loop LC-1:

A. The level of drum D-111 is the manipulated variable.
B. The flow rate of reflux stream to T-111 is the controlled variable.

a. A and B are true b. Only A is true c. Only B is true d. A and B are false ✓
CHE 426 (Spring 2019) __________________
LAST NAME, FIRST
Quiz #4
Note: Your answers must be correct to 3 significant figures and have the appropriate units.

I. Consider the following CSTR with first order reaction and the process parameters and
variables are given by
FC
CA: reactant concentration (initially
0.25 mol/L) FT
CA0: feed concentration (1.0 mol/L)
Cp: heat capacity of the reactor feed Feed
and product (1000 cal/kgK) = Cv
E/R: normalized activation energy (21,000 K)
F: mass feed rate and product rate (10 kg/s)
k = 2/s (rate constant at 350 K) Product
Q: heat addition rate (initially 1,200,000 cal/s)
T: reactor temperature (initially 350 K)
AT
T0: feed temperature (400 K)
Vr: reactor volume (100 L)
: the constant density of the reactor feed and product (1 kg/L)
Hrxn: heat of reaction (120,000 cal/mol)

dC A
1) Determine the initial ________
dt t 0

dC A dC A
Vr = Fv (CA0  CA)  Vr k CA  = [10(1  0.25)/100  2×0.25] =  0.425 mol/Ls
dt dt t 0

dT
2) Determine the initial ________
dt t 0

dT
 CpVr = FCp(T0  T)  Vr HrxnkCA + Q
dt

dT
= [10×1000(400  350)  100×120,000×2×0.25 + 1,200,000]/(1000×100) =  43 K/s
dt t 0

II. 3) For the control system of the CSTR

A. Flow rate of the feed stream is the controlled variable.
B. Flow rate of the feed stream is the manipulated variable..

a. A and B are true ✓ b. Only A is true c. Only B is true d. A and B are false
III) A second order response is given by

Y(t) = 1  1.2exp( 0.25t) sin(0.5t + 1.6), where t is in minute.

4) Determine the rise time with proper unit __________

sin(0.5t + 1.60) = 0  0.5t + 1.60 =   tr = (  1.6)/0.5 = 3.08 min.

5) Determine the period of oscillation with proper unit __________

 = 0.5 rad/min  f = 0.5/(2) = 0.079577 cycle/min  period = 12.57 min

1
IV. 6) Given Y(s) = determine y(t)
s  3s  9
2

1 1 1
Y(s) = = =
( s  1.5)  9  2.25 ( s  1.5)  9  2.25 ( s  1.5)  2.59812
2 2 2

1 2.5981
=
2.5981 ( s  1.5)2  2.59812

1
y(t) = exp(−1.5t)sin(2.5981t)
2.5981

V) 7) Determine the temperature reading corresponding to a 12.4 mA analog signal from a temperature
transmitter that has a span of 200oF and a zero of 30oF.
_______
12.4  4
T = 30 + 200 = 135 oF
20  4

VI) 8) The liquid phase reactions (A  B ) and (A + B  C) are

carried out in a jacketed, semibatch stirred tank reactor. Reaction 1
(A  B ) is first order while the second reaction is first order in both
reactants. The reactor is cylindrical in shape with inner diameter D.
The reactor wall is relatively thin.

The number of conservations equations that would be required to

completely describe the dynamic processes of the reactor and jacket
is
_______

1) Jacket energy balance, 2 reactor energy balance, 3 reactor mole balance on species A, 4
reactor mole balance on species B, 5 reactor mole balance on species C
VII.
Controller
Pure A

F, C0 F+m/A (Set point )

Composition
V, T1 V, T2 measuring
C1, k1 C2, k2 element
Sample stream
Product stream

Heating coil

Consider a Chemical-Reactor control system where a liquid stream enters tank 1 at a volumetric
flow rate F in cfm and contains reactant A at a concentration of C0 [mol A/ft3]. Reactant A
decomposes in the tanks according to the irreversible chemical reaction: A  B. The reaction is
first order with reaction rate constant k1 and k2 for tank 1 and tank 2 respectively. Data at initial
steady state: MwA = 100, A = 1 lbmol/ft3, C0s = 0.5 lbmol/ft3, F = 100 cfm, ms = 2.5 lbmol/min,
k1 = 0.5 min-1, k2 = 0.75 min-1, V = 200 ft3. Neglect the volumetric flow rate m/A compared to F.

9) Let C1d = C1  C1s, C0d = C0  C0s, and Md = m  ms. Determine the time constant (numerical
value with units) for the transfer function C1d(s)/C0d(s)
_________

dC1 V dC1 F 1
V + (F + k1V)C1 = FC0 + m  + C1 = C0 + m
dt F  k1V dt F  k1V F  k1V

V 200
Time constant = = = 1.0 min
F  k1V 100  200  0.5

10) Determine the steady state gain (numerical value with units) for the transfer function
C1d(s)/C0d(s)
___________
dC1 1 1/ F V
1 + C1 = C0 + m where  = V/F and 1 =
dt 1  k1 1  k1 F  k1V

 = 200/100 = 2 min
1
Steady state gain = = 1/(1+ 0.5×2) = 0.500
1  k1
CHE 426 (Spring 2019) __________________
LAST NAME, FIRST
Quiz #5
Note: Your answers must be correct to 3 significant figures and have the appropriate units.

I.
Controller
Pure A

F, C0 F+m/A
m (Set point )

Composition
V, T1 V, T2 measuring
C1, k1 C2, k2 element
Sample stream
Product stream

Heating coil

Consider a Chemical-Reactor control system where a liquid stream enters tank 1 at a volumetric
flow rate F in cfm and contains reactant A at a concentration of C0 [mol A/ft3]. Reactant A
decomposes in the tanks according to the irreversible chemical reaction: A  B. The reaction is
first order with reaction rate constant k1 and k2 for tank 1 and tank 2 respectively. Data at initial
steady state: MwA = 100, A = 1 lbmol/ft3, C0s = 0.5 lbmol/ft3, F = 60 cfm, ms = 2.5 lbmol/min, k1
= 0.75 min-1, k2 = 0.5 min-1, V = 200 ft3. Neglect the volumetric flow rate m/A compared to F.

1) Determine the initial steady state concentration C1s: _________

(F + k1V)C1s = FC0s + ms  C1s = (FC0s + ms)/(F + k1V)

60  0.5  2.5
C1s = = 0.155 lbmol/ft3
60  200  0.75

2) Let C1d = C1  C1s, C0d = C0  C0s, and Md = m  ms. Determine the time constant (numerical
value with units) for the transfer function C1d(s)/C0d(s)
_________

dC1 V dC1 F 1
V + (F + k1V)C1 = FC0 + m  + C1 = C0 + m
dt F  k1V dt F  k1V F  k1V

V 200
Time constant = = = 0.952 min
F  k1V 60  200  0.75
3) The block diagram for the Chemical-Reactor control system can be obtained from the
combination of the transfer function of each component.
M C0
lbmol/min M/F+
CR CR' +  P PT +
Km KC KT K V A 1/F G1 G2
mA mA psig
_
B
Km exp(-ds)
mA

The output of the measuring element varies from 4 to 20 mA as the concentration of A varies
from 0.01 to 0.81 lbmol/ft3.
Determine Km (numerical value with units) _________

20  4 mA
Km = = 20
0.81  0.01 lbmol/ft 3

Y ( s) 2
II. The frequency response of a system with first order transfer function G(s) = = to a
X ( s) s  1
sinusoidal input function X(t) = 3sin(3t) at large time is Y(t)|s = Asin(3t + ) where

(4) A = ______________. (5)  = ______________.

2 2  3i  1 2 6i
Let s = i = 3i  G(i) = = =  = 0.2  0.6i
3i  1  3i  1 3i  1 10 10

R = magnitude = a 2  b2 = (0.22 + 0.62)0.5 = 0.6325  A = 3×0.6325 = 1.897

b
 = angle = tan-1 = tan-1(3) =  1.249 rad
a

III. The two-tank system shown on the right is operating at 3

20 ft /min
3
10 ft

steady state. At time t = 0, 10 ft3 of water is quickly added

to the first tank. Data: A1 = A2 = 10 ft2, R1 = 0.2 ft/cfm, R2 =
0.5 ft/cfm. h1
R1 Q1
3
Note: Q1 = h1/R1. cfm = ft /min. A1

h2
Q2 d 1 R2 Q2
The transfer function for the system is given by = 2
Q0 d
as  bs  1 A2
Determine the numerical value with appropriate unit if exists for

6) a = __________ 7) b = __________
 d h1d d (h1d ) d (Q1d )
Q1 =  = R1
R1 dt dt

d ( A1h1d ) d (Q1d )
= Q0d  Q1d  A1R1 = Q0d  Q1d
dt dt

Q1d 1
A1R1sQ1d = Q0d(s)  Q1d(s)  =
Q0 d
R1 A1s  1

Q2 d 1 Q2 d 1 1 1
=  = =
Q1 d
R2 A2 s  1 Q0 d
R1 A1s  1 R2 A2 s  1 R1 A1R2 A2 s  (R1 A1  R2 A2 )s  1
2

a = A1R1 A2R2 = (0.2)(10)(0.5)(10) = 10 min2

b = A1R1 + A2R2 = (0.2)(10) + (0.5)(10) = 7 min

2 2
8) If H2d(t) = exp(t/4)  exp(t),
3 3
determine the maximum deviation in level (feet) in tank 2 ___________

dH 2 d 1 2
=  exp(t/4) + exp(t) = 0  exp(t/4 + t) = 4  t = 4ln(4)/3 = 1.8484 min
dt 6 3

2 2
H2d(t) = exp(t/4)  exp(t) = 0.315 ft
3 3

IV. 9) a) In general, the time constant is the ratio of capacitance over conductance
b) The conductance is a measured of the ability of the process to accumulate the
quantity conserved (mass or energy).

a. A and B are true b. Only A is true ✓ c. Only B is true d. A and B are false

V. 10) For systems with loop interactions

a) The change in the sign of the gain occurs when the interaction change is less than
the original change.
b) Positive interaction can be a more severe problem than negative interaction

a. A and B are true b. Only A is true c. Only B is true d. A and B are false ✓
CHE 426 (Spring 2019) __________________
LAST NAME, FIRST
Quiz #5
Note: Your answers must be correct to 3 significant figures and have the appropriate units.

I. Consider the following CSTR with first order reaction and the process parameters and
variables are given by
FC
CA: reactant concentration (initially
0.50 mol/L) FT
CA0: feed concentration (1.0 mol/L)
Cp: heat capacity of the reactor feed Feed
and product (1000 cal/kgK) = Cv
F: mass feed rate and product rate (10 kg/s)
Q: heat addition rate (initially 700,000 cal/s)
T: reactor temperature (initially 350 K) Product
T0: feed temperature (400 K)
t: time (s)
AT
Vr: reactor volume (50 L)
: the constant density of the reactor feed and product (1 kg/L)
Hrxn: heat of reaction (−160,000 cal/mol)

The reaction rate constant, k, at 350 K is 2.5 s-1

dC A
1) Determine the initial (numerical value with units) ________
dt t 0

dC A dC A
Vr = Fv (CA0  CA)  Vr k CA  = [10(1  0.5)/50  1.2×0.5] =  1.15 mol/Ls
dt dt t 0

dT
2) Determine the initial (numerical value with units) ________
dt t 0

dT
 CpVr = FCp(T0  T)  Vr HrxnkCA + Q
dt

dT
= [10×1000(400  350) + 50×160,000×2.5×0.5 + 700,000]/(1000×50) = 224 K/s
dt t 0
II. A liquid storage tank is shown with a diameter of 10 ft. The
tank has a valve which acts as a linear resistance to flow with qi
the flow-head relation of q = 7h, where q is in ft3/min and h is
in ft. Suppose that each tank is initially at steady state with h =
8 ft and qi = 56 ft3/min and that 20 ft3 is quickly added to the h
tank at time t = 0. The transfer function H(s)/Qi(s) is a first q
order transfer function.
Tank 1
3) The steady state gain of H(s)/Qi(s) (numerical value with unit) is ____________

In term of deviation variables:

dH 1
A = Qi  7H  AsH(s) = Qi(s)  7H(s)  H(s)/Qi(s) =  Kp = 1/7 = 0.143 min/ft2
dt As  7

4) The change in liquid level h in the tank after 2 minute is ____________

20 20 / 78.54
Qi(s) = 20  H(s) = =  H(t) = 0.2564exp(0.08913t)
78.54s  7 s  7 / 78.54

At 2 minute, H(t) = 0.213 ft

III. An electrical kettle at has a mass of 0.5 kg is used to boil 0.75 kg of water at 20°C. Assume
that the kettle is always at the water temperature. The average specific heat for the kettle and the
water is 2.5 kJ/kgK. The power of the kettle is 1200 W.

(5) If heat is lost with the ambient temperature being 20°C, the convection heat transfer
coefficient is 20 W/m2K, and the kettle’s external surface area is 0.050 m2, determine the time in
seconds it take to boil the water.
___________

dT dT
MC =  Ah(T  20) + 1200  1250×2.5 =  0.05×20(T  20) + 1200 =  T + 1220
dt dt

 1220  100 
t =  3125 ln   = 215.6 s
 1220  20 

(6) When the water boils, at what rate is steam produced if the heat of evaporation is 2257 kJ/kg?
__________

[1200  0.05×20(100  20)]/2257 = 0.496 g/s

 Y ( s) 3
IV. The frequency response of a system with first order transfer function G(s) = = to
X ( s) 4s  1
a sinusoidal input function X(t) = 2sin(3t) at large time is Y(t)|s = Asin(3t + ) where

(7) A = ______________. (8)  = ______________.

3 3  12i  1 3 36i
Let s = i = 3i  G(i) = = = 
12i  1 12i  1 12i  1 145 145

1/2
 32 362 
R = magnitude = a b = 
2 2
2
 2 
= 0.2491  A = 2×0.2491 = 0.498
 145 145 

b
 = angle = tan-1 = tan-1(12) =  1.488 rad
a

30  3Td / T
V. (9) Determine the integral time for a PI controller using C-C settings (I = Td ).
9  20Td / T
2exp  1.5s 
The process reaction curve for the process is Gp(s) = , time is in minute.
0.6s  1

30  3 1.5 / .6
I = 1.5 = 0.953 minutes
9  20 1.5 / .6

(10) Determine the integral time for a PI controller using C-C settings. The tangent line to the
process reaction curve at the inflection point is B =  2.4 + 1.2t. The ultimate value Bu of the
measured variable B is 0.6. Time is in minute.

Bu
Td = 2.4/1.2 = 2 minutes, T = = 0.6/1.2 = 0.5 minute __________
S

30  3  2 / .5
I = 2 = 0.944 minutes
9  20  2 / .5