B.

Differentiate-
1. Desert plants and mountain plants

Desert plants Mountain plants

• Leaves are reduced to •Needle-like leaves with
spines. thick waxy coating.
• Stem is green and • Thick bark present on
spongy. It stores water. stem which makes it hard.

2. Aquatic plants and aerial plants

Aquatic plants Aerial plants

• Roots grow under the
water.
• Roots are very much
reduced, as water is
available in plenty.
• These plants have roots
that grow above the
ground (aerial roots).
• Roots are well developed
and emerges above the
ground.

C. Answer in detail-
1. The natural surroundings where a living organism
lives is called its habitat. Ponds, rivers, forests, trees
and deserts are some of the habitats.
Examples:
• Animals like fish and plants like lotus live in
water., i.e., in a pond or a river.
• Squirrels and monkeys live on trees.
•Animals like camel and thorny plants like cactus
live in dry conditions, i.e., in the deserts.
•Similarly, forest is a habitat to animals like birds,
snakes, deer, lion and giraffe, and a number of
trees, both small and large in size.

2. Following adaptations are noticed in the roots,

stems and leaves of aquatic plants-
• Roots are very much reduced, as water is available
in plenty. The main function of roots is to hold the
plant in place.
• Stems are long, hollow and thin, so that they can
bend along with the water movement. They have
air chambers that allow plants to float in water.
• Leaves of submerged plants are narrow, thin and
ribbon like.
Floating plants have large and circular leaves with
waxy coating.
Emerged plants have plate-like broad leaves that
float on water.

3. The following adaptations are found in a camel-

• It has a brown-coloured body which helps it to
blend with the surroundings.
• It has long eyelashes which protect the eyes
during sand storms.
• It can close its nostrils to prevent sand from
entering the nasal cavity.
• The hump of a camel stores fats and helps the
animal to survive without food for several months.
• The animal can drink over 40 litres of water at a
time. This water is stored for later use.
• It has thick lips which help it to eat prickly desert
plants.
• It has well-padded wide feet which enable it to
walk on hot sand.

4. The following adaptations are found in a desert

plant-
• Leaves are reduced to spines. This helps to reduce
water loss through transpiration.
• Stem is green and spongy. It stores water.
Photosynthesis takes place in the stem.
• Roots are widespread and very long, and
penetrate deep into the soil.
• Stem is covered with thick waxy coating that
prevents water loss.

5. The following adaptations are found in a

mountain goat-
• Its hooves are soft and flexible. They help it to
balance on the rocky slopes.
• It has a thick white coat of fur to keep it warm and
to hide it from predators.
• It can jump very far and quickly from rock to rock
as it has flexible hooves and powerful forelimbs.
• It has eight teeth in front so it can easily grab big
patches of grass.