Assignment Module 3

Two mark questions

1. With the aid of neat sketch, describe the vapor power cycle
2. Describe the working of regenerative Rankine cycle
3. What are the thermodynamic variable effecting the efficiency of the Rankine cycle
4. What are the methods of improving the efficiency of Rankine Cycle?
5. Write briefly about critical flow through nozzle and derive an expression for critical pressure
ratio
6. Write briefly about super saturated flow through nozzles
7. Define nozzle efficiency and show the same on a T-S chart
Problems
8. Water is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle. The condenser pressure is 8 kPa,
and saturated vapor enters the turbine at (a) 18 MPa and (b) 4 MPa. The net power output
of the cycle is 100 MW. Determine for each case the mass flow rate of steam, in kg/h, the
heat transfer rates for the working fluid passing through the boiler and condenser, each in
kW, and the thermal efficiency.
9. Water is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle. Superheated vapor enters the
turbine at 8 MPa, 480 oC. The condenser pressure is 8 kPa. The net power output of the
cycle is 100 MW. Determine for the cycle (a) the rate of heat transfer to the working fluid
passing through the steam generator, in kW. (b) The thermal efficiency. (c) The mass
flow rate of condenser cooling water, in kg/h, if the cooling water enters the condenser at
15 oC and exits at 35 oC with negligible pressure change.
10. Steam at 10 MPa, 600 oC enters the first-stage turbine of an ideal Rankine cycle with
reheat. The steam leaving the reheat section of the steam generator is at 500 oC , and the
condenser pressure is 6 kPa. If the quality at the exit of the second stage turbine is 90%,
determine the cycle thermal efficiency.
11. Steam enters a converging – diverging nozzle at steady state at 30 bar, 320°C, with a
velocity of 100 m/s. The exit pressure and dryness fraction are 1 bar and 0.7 dry,
respectively. The mass flow rate is 2 kg/s. Neglecting heat transfer and potential energy,
determine
(a) The exit velocity, in m/s.
 (b) The inlet and exit flow areas, in cm2.
(c) One angle of the converging and diverging section if both the sections are 30 cm
each
12. Steam enters a converging nozzle operating at steady state at p1 = 1.0 MPa and T1 = 320
°C with a velocity of 30 m/s. The pressure and temperature at the exit are p2 = 0.3 MPa
and T2= 180 °C. Determine the nozzle efficiency.
13. A group of convergent- divergent nozzles is required to discharge 10 kg/s of steam from
20 bar 320 °C to 0.1 bar. If the area of throat section of each nozzle is 1.5 cm 2, determine
the number of nozzles required, exit area of each nozzle and cone angle of diverging
section of each nozzle if length of each nozzle is 20 cm.