UNIT-03

1. A boiler generates 7.5 kg of steam per kg of coal burnt at a pr essure of 11 bar from
feed water having a temperature of 70o C. The efficiency of boiler is 75%and factor
of evaporate 1.15.Specific heat of superheated steam at constant pressure is 2.3.
Calculate:
(i) Degree of superheat and tem perature of steam generated
(ii) Calorific value of coal in kJ/kg
(iii)Equivalent evaporation in kg of steam per kg of coal

2. Explain the working of water level indicator, safety valves, and fusible plug,
feed check valve pressure gauge, stop valve and blow off cock.

3. Derive the relation for calculating chimney height. Calculate the height of chimney
required to generate a pressure difference of 100 mm of water column. The
temperature of outside air is 30 °C and the average temperature of flue gases in the
chimney is 150 °C

4. Explain the principle of working of steam impulse turbine. Why are steam turbines
compounded? Explain the pressure-velocity compounding with neat diagram.

5. Condenser vacuum of a surface condenser is 70 cm of Hg, barometric reading is 76.5

cm of Hg, Mean condenser temperature = 35 °C, hot well temperature = 28 °C,

condensate collected = 1800 kg/hr, cooling water inlet temperature = 12°C, cooling

water outlet temperature = 27 °C. Calculate: (i) vacuum efficiency, (ii) condenser
efficiency.

6. The following data was available in a condenser trail: Condenser vacuum = 680 mm
of Hg, Barometer reading = 764 mm of Hg, Mean condenser temperature = 36.20C,
Hot well temperature = 300C, Condensate formed per hour = 1780 kg, Inlet
temperature of cooling water = 200C, Outlet temperature of cooling water = 320C,
Quantity of cooling water circulated = 1250kg/min
Determine
 a) Condenser vacuum corrected to standard barometer
b) Vacuum efficiency
c) Condenser efficiency, and
d) Condition of steam entering the condenser,

Assume: R for air = 0.287Kj/kg.k, Cpw = 4.186kJ/kg.k

7. Steam is supplied by steam generator at 90 bar and 5000C. After expansion in turbine
to 10 bar a portion of steam is bled for regeneration in open heater and remaining
steam is reheated to 5000C. Condenser pressure is 0.07 bar. Draw systematic diagram
of the system and show the cycle on T-S diagram. Find thermal efficiency and heat
rate. Neglect pumps work.
8. Explain different types of condenser with neat sketches.
 UNIT- IV
1. Differentiate between impulse and reaction steam turbines
2. Explain the significance of choked flow in a nozzle. Explain.
3. In a Parson turbine running at 1500 r.p.m., the available enthalpy d rop for an
expansion is 65 kJ/kg. If the mean diameter of the rotor is 100 cm, find the number of
rows of moving blades. Assume stage efficiency = 80%, speed rat io = 0.7, and blade
outlet angle = 200
4. A convergent divergent nozzle expands air at 6.89 bar and 427 0C into a space at 1
bar. The throat area is 650mm square and exit area is 975mm2The exit velocity is
found to be 680 m/s when the inlet velocity is negligible. Assuming negligible
friction. Calculate
a) Mass flow through the nozzle
.b) Nozzle efficiency and coefficient of velocity
5. What do you understand by compounding of steam turbines? Describe different types
of compounding of steam turbines with appropriate diagram.

6. An impulse steam turbine of 180 kW has steam flowing at rate of 165 kg/min and
leaving axially. Steam turbine blade speed is 175 m/s and it leaves nozzle at 400 m/s.
For the blade velocity coefficient of 0.9, find nozzle angle, blade angles at inlet and
exit, axial thrust and diagram efficiency.

7. Define critical pressure ratio for nozzle of the steam turbine. Obtain analytically its
value in terms of the index of expansion.

8. Define the blade efficiency. Derive an expression for maximum blade efficiency for
an impulse turbine as Cos2α.

9. Define the Steam Nozzle. Also derive the expressions for velocity of steam and
discharge through steam nozzle.

10. In an impulse turbine the steam issues from the nozzle with a velocity of 120 m/s.
Nozzle angle is 20° and mean blade velocity is 400 m/s. The blades are equiangular.
The mass flow rate is 1000 kg/min and friction factor is 0.8. Determine: (i) Blade
 angles, (ii) Axial thrust, (iii) Power, (iv) Blade efficiency, (v) Stage efficiency if
nozzle efficiency is 93%.

11. What is purpose of governing of steam turbines? Explain the various methods used
for governing of steam turbines, in brief.

12. The steam is supplied to a nozzle at a rate of 1 kg/s from an inlet condition of 10 bar,
dry saturated and exit at 1 bar pressure. The efficiency of the nozzle for the
convergent portion is 95% and that of the divergent portion is 90%. Determine
a) Throat and exit diameters of nozzle,
b) Length of nozzle if divergent cone angle of the nozzle is 140C ,
c) The power in kW corresponds to exit velocity of the steam.