TENSILE AND FLEXURAL TEST ON KENAF

FIBRE

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

S. SURIYAPRAKASH. 822416114081
J. VIJAY . 822416114093
K. VIMALRAJ . 822416114094
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MRK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KATTUMANARKOIL

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

April 2020
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report title “TENSILE AND

FLEXURAL TEST ON KENAF FIBRE ”is the bonafide work of S.
SURIYAPRAKASH(822416114081), J.VIJAY(822416114093), K.
VIMALRAJ (822416114094)” who carried out the project work under my
supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Mr. K.THIRUVASAGAMOORTHI M.E., Mr. S.
MALARMANNAN M.Tech.,
Assistant professor Assistant professor
Head of the department Project supervisor
Department of mechanical engineering mechanical engineering

MRK institute of technology MRK institute of

technology
kattumannarkoil – 608301 Kattumanarkoil –
608301

Submitted the main project work(CE) and viva voice Examination held
on…………. at MRK Institute of Technology, Kattumanarkoil.
INTERNAL EXAMINOR EXTERNAL EXAMINOR

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is indeed a great pleasure and proud privilege to acknowledgement

the help and support I receive from the positive minds around us in making this
endeavor successful one. First and foremost I express my sincere gratitude to
the almighty.

All kind of support have been a motivation factor in this

completion of design project work , all because of our beloved Chairman
Mr.P. Kathiravan B.E., with great pleasure .I take this opportunity of than
him.

From the academic side the constant support from our respected
Principle Dr. K. Anandavelu M.E.,Ph.D., has encourage us to work hard and
attain the goal of completing project work.

Our sincere thanks to our Mr.K.Thiruvasagamoorthi M.E., Head

of the department and Project coordinator Mr.S.Malarmannan
M.Tech.,and Supervisor Mr. S. Malarmannan M.E., who have given us both
moral and technical support adding experience to the job I have undertaken

I also thanks our staff member, librarian and non teaching staff
members of college who have given their constant support and motivation in all
our endeavors.

Finally our acknowledgement goes to our parents ,brother, friends for

excellent support and ideas to make our project a pledge one.

S. SURUYAPRAKASH
 J. VIJAY

K. VIMALRAJ

ABSTRACT

In this paper about that the experimental investigation of concrete

properties in which the compressive strength , durability, toughness to analysed.
We are using the materials of hybrid concrete in added by the cement weight
and partial replacement of sand by using wastages of steel slag. If the hybrid
fibers are steel and glass fibers, it contains 2% of added by the ratio of bath
fibers are (0.5%+1.5%),(1%+1%),(1.5%+0.5%).The steel slag replaced by the
sand is up to 10%,20%,30% . The investigation of concrete by using the mixing
grade of M40 mix design having the proportion of 1:2.3:2.8 and the water
cement ratio is 0.43.Then, we are investigate by the strength of concrete is
7,14,2128 days.

Key words: Compressive strength ,Split tensile strength, Steel fiber, Glass

fiber, Steel slag, workability.

 TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO

NO

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

I INTRODUCTION

1.1. General

1.2. Objectives and Scope

II LITERATURE REVIEW

III METHODOLOGY

IV MATERIAL USED

4.1. Cement

4.2. Natural river sand

4.3. Coarse aggregate

4.4. Steel slag sand

4.5. Steel fiber

4.6. Glass fiber

4.7. Super plasticizer

4.8. Water
 V MIX DESIGN

VI EXPERIMENTAL TESTING

6.1. Casting process

6.2. Curing process

6.3. Testing

6.3.1. Slump test

6.3.2. Compression strength test

6.3.3. Split tension test

VII TEST RESULT AND AMALYSIS

7.1. Slump test result

7.2. Compression strength test result

7.3. Split strength test result

VIII CONCLUSION

IX REFERENCE
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIG.NO TITLE PAGE NO

4.1 Cement

4.2 Natural river sand

4.3 Coarse aggregate

4.4 Steel slag

4.5 Steel fiber

4.6 Glass fiber

4.7 Super plasticizer

4.8 Water

5.1 Mixing of concrete

6.1 Casting process

6.2 Curing process

6.3.1 Slump test

6.3.2 Compression strength test

6.3.3 Split tension test

7.1 Slump test result

7.2 Compression strength test result

7.3 Split tensile test result

 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE . NO TITLE PAGE. NO

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

4.1 Cement

4.2 Natural river sand

4.3 Corse aggregate

4.4 Steel slag

4.5 Steel fiber

4.6 Glass fiber

7.1 Slump test result

7.2 Compression strength test result

7.3 Split tensile test result

 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1.GENERAL

In generally concrete is strong in compression, weak in tension

concrete is brittle and will crack with the application of increasing is tensile
force. the cracks are rectify , if necessary to increase the tensile strength
and flexural strength. If the fiber are used in the concrete, its increasing the
strength of the concrete. The addition of fiber to the concrete will result is a
composite material that has properties different from those of unreinforced
concrete. The extend of this variation depends not only the type of fiber,
but also on the fiber dosage.

The incorporation of fibers into a brittle concrete can have the

effect of controlling the growth and propagation of micro cracks as tensile
strength in concrete to be increases.

The fibers are used in concrete has to increasing the

development of fast- track construction. In fact ,nearly 65% of the fiber
produced worldwide is currently used in concrete . Different types of fibers
are available in market for the reinforced concrete such as steel, glass,
acrylic carbon , nylon , polyester , polyethylene , etc . The above mentioned
fibers , we can used as hybrid of steel and glass fibers in the concrete ,
because both fibers are more advantages on the basis of the
strength ,rectifying the cracks and fire resistant characteristics.

In current days , the fine aggregate demand is highly

increasing the construction. So we are used in the wastage of steel slag
for partial replacement of fine aggregate.

The steel slag is the by product obtained either from

conversion of iron to used to steel in a Basic Oxygen Furnace, or by the melting
of scrap to make in steel in the Electrical Arc Furnace . Like other industrial by
products ,slag actually has many uses ,and rarely goes to waste. It appear in
concrete ,aggregate road materials, as ballast , and its some times used as a
component of phosphate fertilizer. This substance is produced during the
smelting process in several ways

1.2. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE

The objective of this paper is to investigated the

compressive behavior and tensile strength of high strength concrete with
hybrid of steel and glass fiber.

To evaluate material properties of the high strength

concrete with hybrid of fibers.

The aims to parametric study of compressive and tensile

strength of given grade of concrete, proportions and percentage of using
fibers.

To determine optimum percentage of combination in

the hybrid fiber and compare strength of fiber with percentage of
proportion of concrete with normal concrete.

The useful of fiber reinforced concrete in various civil

engineering application is thus indisputable. Hence this study explores the
feasibility of hybrid fiber reinforcement.

The aims to do parametric study on compressive strength

flexural strength with given grade of concrete ,proportions and percentage of
materials.

To determine the optimum quantity of steel slag as a

fine aggregate to enhance the strength of concrete by conducting related test
of compressive strength.

The scope of this project is also find out the workability

of the concrete.

To compare the physical properties of the replacing of

materials .

Overall the project is to investigated by the strength,

workability, optimum quantity, brittle and compares the performance of normal
concrete and replacing materials used concretes. How much of loads to carrying
the fibers in concrete to be observe because of the fibers are naturally having
the cracks rectifying capacity.

CHAPTER -2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Chandra mouli et al (2010) :He had conducted experimental investigation to

study the effect of using the alkali resistance glass fiber on compressive ,split
tension and flexural strength on M20,M30,M40 and M50 grades of
concrete .The mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced polyester polymer
concrete were evaluated. The author observed that the modulus of rupture
polymer concrete containing 20 % polyester resign and about 79% fine silica
aggregate is about 20Mpa .The addition of about 1.5 % chopped glass fiber (by
weight) to the material increases the modulus of rupture by about 20% and the
fracture toughness by about 55%.

Muthusamy and Thirugnanam (2013):Described the experimental work on

hybrid fiber reinforced high performance concrete using three types of fibers
namely steel , glass and polyester fiber of a reputed brand. Silica fume was
added mineral admixture to partially replace the cement in concrete and a super
plasticizer was used to get the desired workability. A comparison with steel
fiber reinforced concrete and plain concrete showed significant improvement in
the strength of the hybrid fiber reinforced concrete due to the inclusion of both
fibers and silica fume.

Nitin kumar et al (2015):Presented the use of steel fibers as a reinforcement

material with concrete . In this study, the mixing of various materials weather
chemicals natural or official for improving the strength and durability of
substance. Critical investigation for M40 grade of concrete having mix
proportion 1:4:3 with water cement ratio 0.35 to study the compressive
strength ,flexural strength ,split tensile strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete
containing fibers of 0% to 3% volume fraction of hooks the result shown that
steel fiber reinforced concrete increase thus strength ,toughness ,ductility and
flexural strength of concrete.

Ganeshan N et al (2007) :In their entitled “steel fiber reinforced high

performance concrete for seismic resistant structure” have attempted to carry
out large scale investigation on SERHPC structural elements like
columns ,beams and beam column joints. In this paper they have presented
consolidated details of the investigation. They have used crimped steel fibers in
FRC. Also they have consider 10% replacement of cement by silica fume and
20% by fly ash.

Sathesh kumar (2015) : In this paper entitled “Study on behavior concrete mix
replacing fine aggregate with steel slag at different properties “ .The aim of this
experiment is to study the effect of partial replacement of steel slag on various
strength and durability property of concrete by using mix design. The test
carried out at the replacement level of 10%,20%,30%,40% at the ages of 7 and
28 days. They concludes that for conventional concrete, partial replacement of
fine aggregate by steel slag improve the compressive , tensile, flexural strength.
The viability of steel slag in concrete is found .

S.T.Borele ,et.al (2016) : In their paper entitled “replacement of fine aggregate

by steel slag ”. In this research paper M30 concrete with high volume steel slag
replacement for fine aggregate is study to examine in changes in properties of
compressive strength ,flexural strength and split tensile strength. After
comparison with conventional concrete property results shows that replacing
about 0%,25% and 50% of steel slag aggregates by that of fine aggregate will
not show any harm and any adverse effect to the durability and strength . The
test is carried out after the 7 and 28 days of curing .

James Romualdi (1963): In the Carnegic institute of technology that a clearer

understanding of the properties of SFRC emerged. Steel fiber reinforce
concrete has been a later extension of this understanding, with the first
application being to stabilize the rocks slope of a tunnel portal.

Naaman (1977): He describes the range of tensile properties currently

achievable using HPFRCC(High performance fiber reinforced cement
concrete)focusing in particular on the trade –off between strength and stain
capacity and the important of large strains. Also, a brief summary of three
representative application involving the use of HPFRC repair and rehabilitation
is given namely ,the use of fibers in the tensile zone of reinforced concrete
beam to control cracking and improve durability . The use of simcon for repair
and reinforced concrete beam and column to satisfy seismic requirements and
the use to improve seismic resistance .
Chawla and Tekwari (2012):The experimental investigation conducted on the
use of glass fibers with structural concrete. CEM-FILL anti crack high
dispersion ,alkali resistance glass fiber of diameter 14 micron , having an aspect
ratio 857 was employed in percentages varying from 0.33 to 1 % by weight in
concrete and properties of this FRC , like compressive strength ,modulus of
elasticity , were studied.

Sultan A.Tarawneh,et.al.(2014): In their study entitled “effect of using steel

slag fine aggregates on mechanical and physical properties of concrete”. In this
experimental their investigation is to evaluate the properties and characteristics
of steel slag in concrete in comparison with fine aggregate. After proper
investigation they founds that compressive strength at the stage of 7 days shows
much more strength as compared to that of 28 days. They conclude that the
added slag show good results at early age. Hence steel slag could be utilized as
partial replacement.

Bantia et (1997) :He studied the performance of fiber reinforced composites

with the cement matrices. The results were compared with those of ordinary
Portland cement composites. It was shown that by adjusting the composition of
the matrix , there is a potential for developing highly durable fiber cement
composites, even with glass ,which is probably the most sensitive to corrosion
of the man made high strength fibers.
 CHAPTER -3

METHODOLOGY

STUDY OF LITERATURE

COLLECTION OF MATERIALS

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

PREPARATION OF SPECIMEN

CASTING AND CURING

PROCESS

TESTING OF SPECIMEN

COMPARING THE STRENGTH

IN
VARIOUS DAYS OF CURING

RESULT

CONCLUSION
 CHAPTER -4

MATERIALS USED

4.1.CEMENT

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of 43 grade was used. It was

tested as per IS specification. Test results were tabulated below in table 4.1 and
material as shown in fig 4.1.

Table. No 4.1 Physical properties of cement

Physical properties Test Results

Normal consistency 32%
Initial setting time Around 30 min
Specific Gravity 3.15

Figure no :4.1 Cement

4.2.Natural River Sand

Th e
characteristics of natural
river sand is done and the
properties are achieved such as water absorption , fineness modulus, specific
gravity and other are evaluated indicated in IS: 2386 (1PART)-1986.Zone
indication of sand is attained as Zone II as guideline of IS:383-1970.Sieve
analysis is conducted and outcomes are defined in table 4.2.

Table 4.2 Properties of Natural river sand

Properties Test Result

Water absorption 1.62%
Fineness modulus 3.20
Specific Gravity 2.64
Grading Zone Zone II

Figure no 4.2 : Fine aggregate

4.3. Coarse Aggregate

Coarse aggregate as indicate to the terms of IS: 383-1970 and

test necessities of part I IS 2386 have been utilized for work. Coarse aggregate
of 20mm were taken. The properties of coarse aggregate namely loose
elongation index, specific gravity ,flakiness index are been indicated in below
table 4.3.

Table 4.3 Properties of Coarse Aggregate

Properties Testing result

Water absorption,% 0.4%

Specific gravity 2.66
Elongation index,% 10
Flakiness index,% 9.6
Grading Well graded

Figure no: 4.3 Coarse aggregate

4.4. Steel slag sand

This steel slag is used as replacement for sand mentioned in

current exploration in concretes. This steel slag was collected from .Through
categorization of steel slag sand is conducted .Their fundamental details of
characteristic is noted in table 4.4.

Table 4.4: Properties of steel slag

Properties Test Result

Water absorption 4.5%
Specific gravity 2.54
Grading Zone Zone I

Figure no :4.4 Steel slag

4.5.Steel Fiber

The steel fiber is nothing but the piece of steel wires from 0.45mm
diameter and these length 36mm. Steel fiber is used as a piece of either dry or
wet process to enhance flexibility ,quality and impact resistance. In this
experimental, we are using crimped steel fiber type used.The properties of
steel fiber is given below the table 4.5.

Table 4.5. Properties of steel fiber

Properties of steel fiber value

Specific gravity 1.20
Elastic modulus 200Gpa
Ultimate tensile strength 910Mpa

Fig. no :4.5 Steel fiber

4.6.Glass fiber :

The glass fibers are used this experimental having the length is
12mm and the alkaline resistance type are using.The properties of glass fiber is
given below the table 4.6.
 Table 4. properties of glass fiber 6

Properties of glass fiber Value

Specific gravity 2.70
Elastic modulus 80Gpa
Tensile strength 300Mpa

Fig. no:4.6 Glass fiber

4.7.Super plasticizer:

The super plasticizer is to improve the workability of fresh

concrete. The impart additional workability a super plasticizer 0.6 -0.8 % by
weight of cement used.
 Fig no: 4.7 Super plasticizer

4.8. Water :

It is the key ingredient ,which when mixed with cement ,forms a

paste that binds the aggregate together. The water causes the hardening of
concrete through a process called hydration.

Portable tap water available in the laboratory with pH value of 7

and conforming to the requirements of IS456-2000 was used for making
concrete &curing the specimens as well.

Fig. no: 4.8 water

CHAPTER -5

MIX DESIGN

Data (or) specification for mix proportioning:

 Grade of design = M40

Type of cement =OPC(43)

Fine aggregate =Zone 1

Coarse aggregate nominal size =20mm

Minimum cement content =320kg/m^3

Maximum cement content =450kg/m^3

Maximum water cement ratio=0.45

Slum value (or) workability =100mm

Exposal condition = severe

Method of concrete placing =pumping method

Degree of supervision =crushed angular aggregate

Chemical admixture type=super plasticizer

Test data for materials:

Cement =OPC (43)

Specific gravity of cement =3.15

Specific gravity of fine aggregate=2.64

Specific gravity of coarse aggregate=2.74

Chemical admixture =super plasticizer

Water absorption , coarse aggregate=0.5%

fine aggregate=0.11%

Free moisture =Nil

Sieve analysis, fine &coarse aggregate =IS 383 (conforming)

TORGET STRENGTH(or)CHARECTERESTICSTRENGTH FOR

MIX DESIGN:
 f ’ ck=f ck +1.65(s)

=40+1.65(5) 8=4.3N/mm^2

SELECTION OF WATER CEMENT RATIO:

From table 5, maximum water cement ratio, (IS 456-2000)

= 0.45 (Page no -20)

Based on experience adopt water cement ratio is 0.4.

0.4 < 0.45

Hence its ok.

SELECTION OF WATER CONTENT :

From table 2, minimum water content ,

=186

= 186+ (6/100*186)

=197.16lit

Reduction admixture by water (2%) =197.16-(2/100*197.16)

=193.208

CALCULATION OF CEMENT CONTENT:

Water cement ratio = 0.4

Water content = 193.20 lit

Cement content =193.20/0.4

=482.5 kg/m^3

adopt =450 kg/ m^3

VOLUME OF COARSE & FINE AGGREGATES :

Volume of coarse aggregate:

zone 1 =0.6
 water cement ratio =0.4

volume =0.6+0.01+ 0.01

=0.62

Water reduced by 10% of coarse aggregate ,

=0.62-(10/100*0.62)

=0.58.

Volume of fine aggregate =1-0.55

= 0.45

MIX CALCULATION OF PROPORTIONING :

Volume of concrete A =1m^3

Volume of cement B = (Mass of cement /specific gravity )*1/1000

=(450/3.15) *1/1000

=0.143 m^3

Volume of water C =(Mass of water/specific gravity)*1/1000

=(193/9.81)*1/1000

=0.019m^3

Volume of all aggregate Z =A-(B+C)

=1-(0.143+0.019)

=0.838 m^3

Mass of coarse aggregate,

=Z *volume of coarse aggregate *specific gravity of coarse aggregate *1000

=0.838*0.55*2.74*1000
 =1265 kg

Mass of fine aggregate ,

=Z*volume of fine aggregate *specific gravity of fine aggregate *1000

=0.838*0.45*02.72*1000

=1028kg

RATIO OF MIX PROPORTIONING:

Cement :Fine aggregate: Coarse aggregate :water

=450/450:1028/450 :1265/450:197/450

=1 : 2.3 : 2.8 : 0.43

Ratio of M40 grade ,

=1 : 2.3 : 2.8

QUANTITY OF MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR CUBE:

Volume of cube = (0.15*0.15*0.15)*3

=10.125*10^-3 m^3

Mass of concrete =Density of concrete *volume of cube

=10.125*10^-3*2400

=24.3 kg

Add 20% extra dry material ,

=24.3*1.2

=29.16 kg

NORMAL CONCRETE :

Amount of cement =(1/5.41)*29.16

=5.4 kg
Amount of fine aggregate ,

=(2.3/5.41)*29.16

=12.4 kg

Amount of coarse aggregate,

=(2.8/5.4)*29.16

=15 kg

Water content , =0.45*5.41*1000

=2430 ml

REPLACEMENT OF THE MATERIAL:

Steel fiber : 0.5% ,1% ,1.5%

Glass fiber : o.5% ,1% ,1.5%

Steel slag : 10% ,20% ,30%

1.Steel fiber , 0.5% = (0.5/100)*29.1

=0.145 kg

Glass fiber, 1.5% =(1.5/100)*29.1

=0.436 kg

(0.5% +1.5%) =0.145 + 0.436

=0.582 kg

Amount of cement,

=5.4 - 0.5

=4.8 kg

Steel slag 10% , =(10/100) *12.4

=1.24 kg

Amount of fine aggregate ,

 = 12.4 – 1.24

=11.16 kg

Water content , =0.45*4.81*1000

=2165 ml

2. Steel fiber ,(1%) =(1/100)*29.1

=0.29.1 kg

Glass fiber,(1%) =(1/100) *0.291

=4.811 kg

(1% + 1% ) =0.582

Amount of cement,

=5.4- 0.582

=4.8 kg.

Steel slag ( 20%) , =(20/100)*12.4

=2.48 kg

Amount of fine aggregate ,

=12.4 – 2.48

=9.92 kg

Water content , =0.45*4.81*1000

=2165 ml.

3. Steel (1.5%) , =(1.5/100)*29.1

=0.436 kg

Glass (0.5%) , =(0.5/100)*29.1

=0.145 kg
 (1.5% +0.5 %) , =0.581 kg

Amount of cement,

=5.4 – 0.581

=4.81 kg .

Steel slag (30%) , =(30/100) *12.4

=3.72 kg

Amount of sand , =12.4 – 3.72

=8.68 kg

Water content , =0.45*4.81*1000

=2165 ml.

Fig. no: 5.1 Mixing of concrete

CHAPTER -6

EXPERIMENTAL TESTING

6.1 CASTING PROCESS:

The concrete specimen were casted in 1:2.3:2.8 ratios. For the

casting ,the size of cubical mould is 150*1150*150mm and the cylinder mould
is 150mm diameter and 300 mm height was used. The casting process is given
below,

Fig. no :6.1 Casting process

6.2. CURING PROCESS:

The curing process is that conducting by after 24 hours of

casting process. The specimens are demoulded. This process is taken by 7days,
14 days, 21 days and 28 days is to filled up water in cubes and cylinders. It has
occurred strength results to be getting. The curing process are given below,

Fig. no: 6.2 Curing process

6.3.TESING:
 For the trial of concrete specimens with partially replacement
of steel slag in sand and added steel and glass fibers in cement are used to
prepare the cube and cylinder specimens. Then the specimens are tested by ,

Slump test

Compression test

Split tensile test

6.3.1 Slump test:

Slump tests were carried out to determine the workability

and consistency of fresh concrete . The efficiency of all fiber reinforced is
dependent upon achievement of a uniform distribution of the fibers in the
concrete, their interaction with the cement matrix and the ability of the concrete
to be successfully cast or sprayed .Essentially ,each individual fiber needs to be
coated with cement paste to provide any benefits in the concrete. Regular users
of fiber reinforcement concrete will fully appreciate that adding more fibers into
the concrete , particularly of a very small diameter , results in a greater negative
effect on workability and the necessity for mix design changes .

The slump changed due to different type of fiber content and

form. The reason of lower slump is that adding two different fibers can form a
network structure in concrete ,which restrain mixture from segregation and
flow. Due to the high content and large surface area of fibers. These fibers are
sure to absorb more cement paste to wrap around the increase of the viscosity of
mixture makes the slump loss test .

Fig. no :6.3.1 Slump test

6.3.2 .Compressive strength test :

 For compressive strength test , both cube specimens of
dimension 150*150*150 mm were cast for M40 grade concrete and super
plasticizer was added to this. The mould were filled with 2% of steel and glass
fiber &10%,20%,30% of steel slag. Vibration was given to the mould using
table vibrator. The top surface of the specimen was leveled and finished. After
24hours the specimens were demoulded and were transferred to curing tank
where they were allowed to cure for 7 days,14 days, 28 days curing,these cube
were tested on digital compression testing machine as per IS 516-1959.The
failure load was noted.In each category, three cubes were tested and their
average is reported.

Fig. no:6.3.2 Compression strength test

6.3.3.Tensile strength test:

 For tensile strength test,cylinder specimens of
dimension 150mm diameter and 300mm height were cast. The specimens were
demoulded after 24hours of casting and were transferred to cure for 7,14,28
days.These specimen were tested under compression testing machine.In each
category ,three cylinder were tested and their average value is reported.

Tesile strength was calculated as follows as split tensile

strength ,

Tensile strength (Mpa) =2P/πDL

Where,

P=failure load

D=diameter of cylinder

L=length of cylinder

Fig. no: Split tensile strength test

CHAPTER -7
 TEST RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

7.1.Slump test result :

Table 7.1 slump value

Steel & glass Steel &glass Steel &glass

Normal fiber ratio (0.5% fiber ratio (1.5% fiber ratio
Test concrete +1.5%), +0.5%) (1%+1%),
steel slag 10% Steel slag 20% steel slag 30%
Slump
value(mm) 70 80 90 85

7.2.Compression Strength Test :

 Table 7.2 Compression strength value

S.NO Specimen 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days

(MPa) (MPa) (MPa)
Cubes for
1 conventional 48.89 42.22 44.44
concrete
Cubes for
2 (0.5%SF+1.5%GF), 50.24 54.08 57.31
10% of steel slag
Cubes for
3 (1.5%SF+0.5%GF), 49.44 52.80 56.52
20% of steel slag
Cubes for
4 (1%SF+1%GF), 45.98 58.40 61.23
30% of steel slag

Fig. no : 7.2

80
60
40
20 7 Days
0 14 Days
28 Days

7.3.Split tensile Test :

Table 7.3 split tensile value

S.NO Specimen 7 Days 14Days 28 Days
(MPa) (MPa) (MPa)
Cylinders for 2.83 3.11 3.26
1 conventional
concrete
Cylinders for 4.29 6.17 8.68
2 (0.5%SF+1.5%GF),
10% of steel slag
Cylinders for 5.92 7.43 9.23
3 (1.5%SF+0.5%GF),
20% of steel slag
Cylinders for 4.78 5.92 8.86
4 (1%SF+1%GF),
30% of steel slag

10
8
6
4
2 7 day
0 14 days
28 days

Fig. no : 7.3
 CHAPTER -8

CONCLUSION

The final inference found on the experimental exploration carried out

by taking steel fiber, glass fiber and as the alternative material of the fine
aggregate for steel slag can be successfully finished this paper. From our study
is concludes that,

 These experimental is to give the expected results that,

high strength of compression and split tension test .
 The hybrid of fibers in steel and glass are mixing in the
concrete has to give high workability and strength.
 In case of fibers reinforced concrete with glass and steel
fibers &steel slag as fine aggregate the peak strength
and toughness parameters showed good results for the
quantity of fibers incorporated.
 The fibers and steel slag are improving the quantity of
concrete and the fibers have maximum load bearing
capacity. It is also economic of the project.
 The fibers are rectifying the cracks in concrete, the
compression and tensile strength is also increasing than
conventional concrete.
 CHAPTER-9

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