Ad204 600 G 97769

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CONTRACTOR DOC. No.- AD204-600-G-97769 Rev.B

ADYARD Doc. No.- ADY-925500-QAC-GEN-RG-PR-0009-01
INTERNATIONAL INSPECTION SERVICES LTD
Document No. : INS/AD-925500/AWS/RT/001

Rev: 01 Date: 0 28.12.2014 Page: 1 of 30
OPERATION CONTROLS - PROCEDURE
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE
Document No. : INS/AD-925500/AWS/RT/001 Rev.: 01 dated 28.12.2014 Page No.: 1 of 30

This document is a property of INSPEC and for use by its authorized personnel only. Use of this Procedure by non-INSPEC
Organizations is by specific agreement. This document is subject for revisions and only the latest revision stands current.
Approved Master Copy of this document is filed and stored under the custody of INSPEC Technical manager. This document
shall not be reproduced without the written consent of INSPEC. Controlled Distribution Copy Holders will receive current
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REVISION CONTROL
Revision Number Changes Remarks

& Date
00
New Issue --
10.11.2014
01 Sec 2, 3 and 5 revised
Client comments incorporated
28.12.2014 Report format revised

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INDEX
Clause
Description of Content Page Ref.
Ref...
1 Scope 4
2 Reference Documents 4
3 Personnel Qualification 4
4 Safety 4
5 Test Equipment and Materials. 4
6 Film Quality 6
7 Surface Condition. 7
8 Scattering Radiation. 7
9 Radiographic Film Viewing. 7
10 Method. 8
11 Documentation/Storage of films. 13
12 Acceptance Criteria 14
Annexure -1 Acceptance Criteria. 15
Annexure-2 Report Format 30

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1.0 SCOPE
This procedure specify minimum requirements for Radiographic examinations of welds Seel materials
using either Gamma Iridium-192 or X-ray as radiation source whenever such type of examinations is
deemed necessary by applicable code and or client specification.
2.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
Current edition / addendum of the following references shall apply
AWS D1.1: 2010 Edition.
ASTM E 94, E 747, E 142 & E 1025 & E 1032
ASNT-SNT-TC-1A: 2001 & 2006 Edition.
INSPEC/9/USN/Q1-1994 Rev 19: Personnel Qualification and Certification for NDT personnel.
SP-1031, Rev 0- Specification for quality personnel for fabrication and construction
Project Specification: AD204-600-G-08010, rev.0- General Specification for welding
3.0 QUALIFICATION OF RADIOGRAPHIC PERSONNEL
Personnel engaged with radiographic activity shall be qualified to ASNT/PCN Level II or an approved
equivalent. Personnel shall posses 5 years experience in producing techniques and radiography. Records
shall be submitted prior to start of actual job.
4.0 SAFETY
Radiography personnel shall be "classified" and operate in conjunction with the INSPEC Radiation Safety
Manual. All personnel shall carry radiation minitoring equipment and adhere to each client’s particular
safety regulations and ensure scaffolding, lighting is sufficient to perform the work in a safe manner.
5.0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS
5.1 Equipment (Gamma Ray)
The equipment utilized by INSPEC is the Remote Control Tech-ops 660 projector containing an
Iridium 192 radioactive Isotope.
Equipment (X-Ray)
External X-Ray unit- BALTOSPOT GFC 305/GE ERESCO 65MF4 with digital ERESCO MF4
control unit
Internal X-Ray- IPSI Pipeline crawler IRIS 6 with X-ray tube capacity varying from 180KV to
300KV.

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5.2 Film Selection

Type Speed Contrast Grainines Film detail
AGFA D4
1 Slow Very High Very Fine (165)/Kodak MX
125
AGFA D7 (40) /
2* Medium High Fine
Kodak AA 400
* Shall be utilized for singlewall and/or Double wall thickness greater than 10 mm only
5.2.1 Developer and Fixer:- Developer, Fixture and films utilized shall be of one manufacturer
5.3 Screens:- Only lead intensifying screens shall be utilized and shall be of good quality to prevent
screen marks on film and be of 0.125 mm thick placed at both the front and back of the film inside the
cassette. Fluoroscent screene are not permitted.
5.4 Film Storage:- Films shall be stored in a temperature controlled store to ensure the quality of
film is maintained as supplied. All exposed radiographs will be as advised submitted to the Client for
their review, acceptance and storage as per their quality plan.
5.5 Geometric Unsharpness (Ug): -

Gamma ray source, regardless of their sizes, shall meet the Ug requirements as stated below:
Ug = (F x t) / D
D = Source to object distance (SOD)

F = Size of focal spot / source
t = distance from source side of the object to film
Geometric un-sharpness limitations in accordance with ASME Sec V, article-2:-

Material thickness in mm. Ug maximum in mm.
Under 51mm 0.51mm
51mm through 76.2mm 0.76mm
Over 76.2 mm to 101.6 mm 1.02 mm
Greater than 101.6 mm 1.78 mm.

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Note : Verification of Source Size. The equipment manufacturer’s or supplier’s publications, such as
technical manuals, decay curves, or written statements documenting the actual or maximum
source size or focal spot, shall be acceptable as source size verification.
5.6 Source to object distance (SOD):

The source to object distance shall be such that the SOD is greater than the total length of the film
being exposed in a single plane except for a panoramic exposure.
Additionally, the source to object distance shall not be less than seven (7) times the thickness of the
weld plus reinforcement and backing, if any, nor such that the penetrating radiation passes through
any portion of the weld to be reviewed by an angle greater than 26.50 from a line normal to the weld
surface.
6.0 FILM QUALITY

6.1 Film Processing
All film shall be processed in accordance with ASME Sec V, with careful attention given to time,
temperature and chemical mixtures to ensure radiograph is free from darkroom induced defects i.e.
light fogging.Adequate washing is required to achieve conditions for maximum storage life.
6.2 Film Handling

Film shall be handled in such a manner that the emulsion is not damaged and fingerprints or other
marks are not caused on the film, before, during and after processing.
6.3 Quality
All radiographs shall be free of the following defects that may interfere with the satisfactory
interpretation of the weld image.
a) Mechanical damage such as scratches, static tears crimps pressure or similar handling marks.
b) Chemical interference due to fogging, processing marks, stains or the like.
c) Radiographic defects caused by dirty or damaged screens or poor screen contact.
6.4 Interpretation
Only qualified personnel shall interpret radiographs, such interpretation shall be in accordance with
the appropriate applicable specification by client in writing.
6.5Viewing Conditions
Radiographs shall be viewed in subdued lighting. The viewer shall have sufficient intensity to view
areas of interest on the radiograph with an even diffused light to the maximum density required and

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any extraneous areas of illumination shall be masked to avoid glare or distraction. During viewing
film will be handled by the edges to avoid finger marks on the films and they will be kept in folders to
avoid scratches.
6.6 Densitometer
Only calibrated densitometer shall be used calibration shall be performed as per SE-1079 on
calibrated step tablet supplied by manufacturer with calibration certificate or the step wedge film
having at least five steps with neutral densities from at least 0.3 through 3.9. Such calibration shall be
performed at least every 90 days during use.
7.0 SURFACE CONDITION

Weld to be examined shall be free of irregularities such as weld ripples, spatter, grinding or chipping
marks or other irregularities, which may mask successful interpretation of the radiographs.
7.1 Reinforcement:
When the contract document requires removal of reinforcement, the weld shall be prepared for
Radiography by grinding, so as not to reduce the thickness of the thiner base metal or weld metal by
1mm. Remaining reinforcement shall not exceed 1mm in height and shall blend smoothly in to the
base metal with transition areas free from undercuts.
7.2 Tabs:
Weld tabs shall be removed prior to radiography unless otherwise agreed.
7.3 Backing Strips:
When the contract document requires removal of backing strips, the steel backing shall be removed
and the weld shall be prepared for Radiography by grinding, so as not to reduce the thickness of the
thiner base metal or weld metal by 1mm.
8.0 SCATTERED RADIATION

When radiographing near to the ground or close to other structures scattered radiation may cause a
reduction in film quality, thus a "B" of min. size 1/2" H x 1/16" THK shall be attached to the back of the
film cassette if the white "B" is evident then adequate precautions should be taken by shielding the
cassette with lead sheets. Black "B" image is acceptable
9.0 RADIOGRAPHIC FILM VIEWING

9.1 Single Wall Viewing
a. Source Side Markers: two location identification marks or a lead tape measure shall be placed on
the steel at each radiograph location. Location markers shall be placed on the source side
whenradiographing the following:

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1. Flat components or longitudinal joints in cylindrical or conical components;

2. Curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and when the “source-
to-material” distance is less than the inside radius of the component;
3. Curved or spherical components whose convex side is toward the source.
b. Film Side Markers

1. Two location identification marks or a lead tape measure shall be placed on the steel at each
radiograph location. Location markers shall be placed on the film side when radiographing either
curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and when the “source-
to-material” distance is greater than the inside radius.
2. As an alternative to source side placement location markers may be placed on the film side when
the radiograph shows coverage beyond the location markers to the extent demonstrated, and when
this alternate is documented.
c. Either Side Markers : Location markers may be placed on either the source side or film side when
radiographing either curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and
the “source-to-material” distance equals the inside radius of the component.
9.2 Double-wall viewing

For double-wall viewing, at least one location marker shall be placed on the source side surface
adjacent to the weld (or on the material in the area of interest) for each radiograph.
10.0 METHOD
10.1 Procedure Qualification and approval
Whenever specified by project specification, activities performing NDT shall develop and maintain
a written procedure for each radiographic technique & Certification statement shall be part of this
written procedure and signed by the cognizant examiner. This procedure is to be performed only
before start of any project.
10.2 Identification of Radiographs

As a minimum, the following information shall appear on the radiograph
a) Contract no. e) weld no. / welders no.
b) INSPEC initial. f) Item number, if applicable.
c) Manufacturer g) date of radiography.
d) Fabrication shops order no, if applicable.
h) Repair reference e.g. R1, R2, R3 or Rw as required.

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10.2.1. Each weld shall have a unique identification reference marked in such a manner to permit the case
of identification of individual welds and areas of defects within the weld.
10.2.2 Lead location markers shall be used with approximate height of 6mm and 1.5 mm thick. A
radiograph identification mark and two location identification marks shall be placed on the steel at
each radiograph location. A corresponding radiograph identification mark and two location
identification marks, all of which shall show in the radiograph, shall be produced by placing lead
numbers or letters, or both, over each of the identical identification and location marks made on
the steel to provide a means for matching the developed radiograph to the weld. Additional
identification information may be preprinted no less than 3/4 in. [20 mm] from the edge of the
weld or shall be produced on the radiograph by placing lead figures on the steel.
10.3 Density
The film density is the degree of blackening and shall be checked using a calibrated densitometer
D = Log (Io/It)
Where D = Density
Io = Light intensity incident on film
It = Light intensity transmitted through the film
The density value measured on the weld images and on the IQI shall be between 2 to 4.
When weld transitions in thickness are radiographed and the ratio of the thickness of the thicker
section to the thickness of the thinner section is 3 or greater, radiographs should be exposed to
produce single film densities of 3.0 to 4.0 in the thinner section. When this is done, the minimum
density requirements of 2.0 shall be waived unless otherwise provided in the contract documents.
10.4 Image Quality Indicators (IQI)

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ASTM IQI Wire type shall be as per ASTM E 747 designation and diameter in inches (mm).
10.5 Placement of I.Q.I.

Placement of IQI shall be in accordance to the table 6.6 of AWS D 1.1; see below:
Table 6.6 of AWS D 1.1

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10.6 IQI SELECTION

Table 6.5 of AWS D 1.1 shall be used as a guide for IQI selection:
10.7 Diagnostic Film Length

Film shall have sufficient length and shall be placed to provide at least 1/2 in. [12 mm] of film
beyond the projected edge of the weld.
10.8 Overlapping of films:
Welds longer than 14 in. [350 mm] in length may be radiographed by overlapping film cassettes
and making a single exposure, or by using single film cassettes and making separate exposures,
meeting the requirements of SOD and Ug.
10.9 Film Width:
Film widths shall be sufficient to depict all portions of the weld joint, including the HAZs, and
shall provide sufficient additional space for the required wire IQI and film identification without
infringing upon the area of interest in the radiograph.
11.0 DOCUMENTATION / STORAGE OF FILMS

11.1 Reports
Radiography reports shall contain the following as a minimum: (refer attachment 1)
(a) Client (k) Intensifying Screen Type and Thk
(b) Project (l) IQI identity and type

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(c) Job Number (m) Film Type

(d) Report Number (n) Radiographic Technique
(e) Date of Test (o) Radiographic Sensitivity
(f) Location Test (p) No. of exposures
(g) Dimension and Thickness (q) Source size
(h) Isometric drawing (r) Radiographic Density
(i) Weld Number (s) Acceptance Criteria
(j) Welder Number (t) Technician Name and Signature
11.2 Storage
Radiographs shall be stored after acceptance of the Client in line or drawing sequences for easy
traceability whenever the need arises and shall be the responsibility of the client.
11.3 Should the Client request INSPEC to perform the function of storage and record, then a method
shall be given to the Client in writing for their approval.
12.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
12.1 All processed films shall be viewed under subdued background light using a high intensity viewer
capable of viewing density within the range of 1.5 to 4.0.
12.2 Film shall be interpreted and accepted by qualified Level II or Level III radiographers.
12.3 The acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with Para 6.12.1; 6.12.2 and 6.12.3 of
Section 6, Part C of AWS D 1.1. Refer figures 6.1, 6.2, 6.3.

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Annexure- 1 Acceptance Criteria

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Annexure-2 Report Format

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CONTRACTOR DOC. No.- AD204-600-G-97769 Rev.B

INTERNATIONAL INSPECTION SERVICES LTD

Document No. : INS/AD-925500/AWS/RT/001

OPERATION CONTROLS - PROCEDURE

Document No. : INS/AD-925500/AWS/RT/001 Rev.: 01 dated 28.12.2014 Page No.: 1 of 30

INTERNATIONAL INSPECTION SERVICES LTD

Revision Number Changes Remarks

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5.2 Film Selection

5.5 Geometric Unsharpness (Ug): -

D = Source to object distance (SOD)

Geometric un-sharpness limitations in accordance with ASME Sec V, article-2:-

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5.6 Source to object distance (SOD):

6.0 FILM QUALITY

6.2 Film Handling

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7.0 SURFACE CONDITION

8.0 SCATTERED RADIATION

9.0 RADIOGRAPHIC FILM VIEWING

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1. Flat components or longitudinal joints in cylindrical or conical components;

b. Film Side Markers

9.2 Double-wall viewing

10.2 Identification of Radiographs

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10.4 Image Quality Indicators (IQI)

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10.5 Placement of I.Q.I.

Table 6.6 of AWS D 1.1

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10.6 IQI SELECTION

10.7 Diagnostic Film Length

11.0 DOCUMENTATION / STORAGE OF FILMS

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(c) Job Number (m) Film Type

12.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

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Annexure- 1 Acceptance Criteria

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