Retail Store Report

IEC COLLEGE OF ART &
FASHION
Affiliated with Limkokwing University of Creative
Technology
Table of Contents
1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................6
1.1 Background of study .................................................................................................6
1.2 Objectives of study ...................................................................................................6
1.2.1 General objective: ..............................................................................................6
1.2.2 Specific objectives .............................................................................................6
1.3 Scope of study ..........................................................................................................6
1.4 Limitation of study .....................................................................................................7
2. Literature review .............................................................................................................7
2.1 Working mechanism of retail stores ..........................................................................7
2.2 Types of retail stores ................................................................................................8
2.2.1 Departmental stores ...........................................................................................8
2.2.2 Speciality stores .................................................................................................8
2.2.3 Supermarkets.....................................................................................................8
2.2.4 Convenience Stores ...........................................................................................9
2.2.5 Discount stores ..................................................................................................9
2.2.6 Warehouse stores ..............................................................................................9
2.3 A brief history and revolution of retail stores .............................................................9
2.3.1 Mom and Pops stores ........................................................................................9
2.3.2 Evolution of departmental stores ..................................................................... 10
2.3.3 Use of first cash register ................................................................................. 10
2.3.4 Credit cards or charge cards ........................................................................... 10
2.3.5 Establishment of shopping malls ..................................................................... 10
2.4 Anthropometry and space planning ....................................................................... 11
2.4.1 Anthropometry ................................................................................................ 11
2.4.2 Space planning and Circulation ...................................................................... 12
2.5 Materials used ....................................................................................................... 14
2.5.1 Ceiling ............................................................................................................. 14
2.5.2 Flooring ........................................................................................................... 16
Simran Lama
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior 1
Architecture Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
2.5.3 Lightings........................................................................................................... 18
2.6 Colour psychology ................................................................................................. 19
3. Case study .................................................................................................................. 21
3.1 National case-study ............................................................................................... 21
3.1.1 The local project Nepal ................................................................................... 21
3.1.2 Sana Hastakala: .............................................................................................. 23
3.1.3 Analysis and findings ...................................................................................... 25
3.2 International case study: ........................................................................................ 26
3.2.1 Banema Store: ................................................................................................ 26
3.2.2 Kanishka Oybek Store: ................................................................................... 28
3.2.3 Analysis and findings ...................................................................................... 31
4. Site Analysis ................................................................................................................ 31
4.1 Findings ................................................................................................................. 32
4.2 Settlement pattern ................................................................................................. 32
4.3 Circulation pattern ................................................................................................. 32
4.4 Solar orientation .................................................................................................... 33
4.5 Site views .............................................................................................................. 33
5. SWOT Analysis ........................................................................................................... 34
5.1 Strength ................................................................................................................. 34
5.2 Weakness .............................................................................................................. 34
5.3 Opportunities ......................................................................................................... 34
5.4 Threats .................................................................................................................. 34
5.5 Climate analysis .................................................................................................... 34
5.5.1 Average temperature: ..................................................................................... 34
5.5.2 Average rainfall ............................................................................................... 35
5.5.3 Average humidity ............................................................................................ 35
5.5.4 Average wind and wind direction..................................................................... 36
5.6 Site justification...................................................................................................... 37
5.7 Landmarks ............................................................................................................. 37
5.8 Building plan .......................................................................................................... 38
Simran Lama
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior 2
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
6. Concept ........................................................................................................................ 39
6.1 Modern zen style: .................................................................................................. 39
6.2 Conceptual Sketches............................................................................................. 40
7. Conclusion and findings .............................................................................................. 40
8. References .................................................................................................................. 41
Simran Lama
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior 3
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
List of figures:
Figure 1: Handicrafts of Nepal ............................................................................................... 6
Figure 2: Salesways Department store, Lalitpur. (Orgs, 2020) .............................................. 8
Figure 3:Himalayan Cashmere Manufacturing Company (Tripadvisor, 2021) ....................... 8
Figure 4: Bhat bhateni Supermarket, Kalanki (Supermarket, n.d.) ......................................... 8
Figure 5: Big mart (local, n.d.)................................................................................................ 9
Figure 6:Anthropometric data and measurement according to space occupied by occupant
............................................................................................................................................ 11
Figure 7: Anthropometric data of seated customer high table. ............................................. 11
Figure 8:Anthropometry of seated customer counter height ................................................ 12
Figure 9:Main public aisle and secondary public aisle width ................................................ 12
Figure 10: Gypsum ceiling. (Builders, 2018) ........................................................................ 14
Figure 11: Acoustic tiles suspended ceiling. (Builders, 2018) .............................................. 15
Figure 12: Timber ceilings. (Builders, 2018) ........................................................................ 15
Figure 13:PVC Ceilings. (Builders, 2018) ............................................................................ 15
Figure 14: Outdoor space of ’The Local Project Nepal’. (Taylor, 2019) .................................... 21
Figure 15:East view of Local project .................................................................................... 22
Figure 16: West view of Local project .................................................................................. 22
Figure 17: North view of Local project.................................................................................. 22
Figure 18: South view of Local project ................................................................................. 22
Figure 19:East view of Sana Hastakala. .............................................................................. 25
Figure 20:West view of Sana Hastakala .............................................................................. 25
Figure 21: North view of Sana Hastakala............................................................................. 25
Figure 22: South view of Sana Hastakala ............................................................................ 25
Figure 23: Banema Store interior. (Moreira, 2021)............................................................... 26
Figure 24: Floor plan. (Moreira, 2021) ................................................................................. 26
Figure 25: Store's display wall. (Moreira, 2021) ................................................................... 27
Figure 26: Serpentine Module. (Moreira, 2021) ................................................................... 27
Figure 27: Floor plan (Kanishka Oybek store) (Pintos, 2021) .............................................. 29
Figure 28: Settlement around the site. ................................................................................. 32
Figure 29: Vehicular movement during afternoon ................................................................ 32
Figure 30: Solar orientation of site. ...................................................................................... 33
Figure 31:East view of the site. ............................................................................................ 33
Figure 32: West view of the site ........................................................................................... 33
Figure 33: North view of the site. ......................................................................................... 33
Figure 34: South view of the site. ......................................................................................... 33
Figure 35: Kuleshwor Ganeshthan mandir........................................................................... 37
Figure 36: Vayodha hospital, Balkhu, KTM .......................................................................... 37
Figure 37: Waiting lobby in front of reception area............................................................... 38
Figure 38:East view of the building ...................................................................................... 38
Simran Lama
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior 4
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
Figure 39:North view of the building ................................................................................... 39

Figure 40:Area behind the reception area .......................................................................... 39
Figure 41: Zen interior ........................................................................................................ 39
Figure 42: wabi-sabi ukrainian shkrub house. (diandra, 2021) ........................................... 39
Simran Lama
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior 5
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
1. Introduction:
1.1 Background of study:
A retailer or a retail store, is a company whose primary source of revenue is retailing. All
activities involved in selling goods or services directly to the final consumer for personal,
non-business consumption are referred to as retailing. The goods in retail shop are sold in
marked up prices. There are different types of retail stores around the world.
Handicraft store in general stands for the store that

sells decorative items made by hand. These stores
may also sell local and organic products and prioritise
local manpower for the production of the products.
Nepal is very famous and rich in handicraft production
such as felt products, pashminas, handmade utilities,
accessories, pottery works, etc.
Figure 1: Handicrafts of Nepal.
1.2 Objectives of study:
1.2.1 General objective:
 To study and know about the function, working mechanisms, layouts of well-
designed handicraft stores.
1.2.2 Specific objectives:
 To survey the literature in our chosen area of study.
 To learn about different materials such as: flooring, lighting, textures, etc. to
incorporate in our design.
 To learn about different design strategies related to handicraft stores
 To learn about different ranges of handicrafts and local products in particular areas
and targeted audience.
1.3 Scope of study:

Nepal has a very strong and rich background for the production of handicraft products and
designs. Our country has been working in this field for many years and we can see many
renowned places in Nepal that has living examples of handicrafts and arts. The
establishment of handicraft store has a very good scope not only personally and
professionally but also for the nation as a whole.
Firstly, the establishment of handicraft store helps to promote the culture and lifestyle of
Nepalese people. This also gives an opportunity to people, especially Nepalese women
who are uneducated but have creative skills in handicrafts production to be employed,
independent and improve their livelihood.
Simran Lama
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior 6
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
Secondly, this store helps the national and local production industries and producers to be
represented globally when people like us showcase, promote and sell these locally
handmade products to the world in global platform with good marketing and better social
networking.
Lastly, when the products reach out to the global platform inside and outside the country
there is a good amount of economy and people get to know more about Nepalese culture,
arts and crafts.
1.4 Limitation of study:

Handicraft store sells handmade products and they are made through the hands of local
people from different parts of the country. The products are handmade with love and hard
labour which is why the production of these products require strong manpower. Manpower
and budget go hand in hand which is why these products are very expensive.
Nepal being a country with a majority of middle-class family, although people love to buy
these products but as the products are expensive the sales of these products are limited to
the local people and local tourists. However, these products when targeted to the
international tourists has a very good scope.
Lastly, many of these kinds of stores will gradually increase day by day which might cause
a strong competition not only for the stores personally but also in the quality of the products.
2. Literature review:
A literature review may be a comprehensive summary of previous research on a subject.
The literature review surveys scholarly articles, books, and other sources relevant to a
specific area of research.
2.1 Working mechanism of retail stores:
The manufacturers are responsible for the initial step in the retail process. With the use of
tools, techniques, and manpower, manufacturers create items from raw materials. After the
goods are finished being manufactured, they are sold to wholesalers. Wholesalers sell low-
cost items in huge quantities to retailers. Retailers can buy goods from wholesalers or from
manufacturers directly.
Simran Lama
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior 7
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
2.2 Types of retail stores:

2.2.1 Departmental stores:
This is one of the most complex types of retail
establishments, offering a diverse range of
products. It is similar to a collection of smaller retail
stores managed by a single company. Department
stores are well-known for providing products at
various price points as well as a wide range of
products.
Figure 2: Salesways Department store, Lalitpur.
(Orgs, 2020)
2.2.2 Speciality stores:

Retail shops that specialize on one or two product
categories are known as specialty stores. They
have a reputation for having an extremely limited
product line. Customers at speciality retailers are
known for being less price-conscious. These stores
specialize in a specific product category, such as
men's apparel, children's clothing, or sporting
items. Speciality stores may include furniture
stores, florists, sporting goods stores, bookstores, Figure 3:Himalayan Cashmere
clothing stores, etc. Manufacturing Company (Tripadvisor,
2021)
2.2.3 Supermarkets:
One of the most frequent forms of retail outlets is
supermarkets. They are huge, departmentalized,
self- serve supermarkets that specialize in food and
a few non- food items. When compared to consumer
durables, FMCG (Fast moving Consumer Goods)
products are the main focus in such establishments.
In supermarkets, product assortment is quite
important since the products must be exhibited in
such a way that people are drawn to them.
Figure 4: Bhat bhateni Supermarket,
Kalanki (Supermarket, n.d.)
Simran Lama
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior 8
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
2.2.4 Convenience Stores:

Convenience stores are usually located in residential
areas and offer a limited range at high prices due to
the added value of convenience. They are usually
small businesses with a limited range of products. As
we all know, such outlets provide ultra-fast services
in a focused manner.
Figure 5: Big mart (local, n.d.)
2.2.5 Discount stores:

Discount stores, as the name implies, offer substantial savings on the things they sell. Low
prices, high turnover, and high volume are how discount stores compete.
2.2.6 Warehouse stores:

A warehouse store is a type of retail establishment that sells limited quantities of
merchandise in bulk at reduced prices. Instead of investing heavily in visual merchandising,
warehouse stores rely on lower prices to attract customers. There are different types of
warehouses like public warehouse, private warehouse, bonded warehouse, smart
warehouse, etc.
2.3 A brief history and revolution of retail stores:

The practice of business and trade dates back to 9000 BC. People exchanged and traded
animal like cows and sheep in 9000 BC. According to the research, first proper currency
dates back to 3000 BC in Mesopotamia. By 800 BC markets developed in ancient Greece
where merchants sold their wares in the Agora as Greek agora was meant for shopping and
socializing hub. Retail-stores evolved and flourished during the post-industrial revolution era
all the way up to e-commerce level which is also known as era of digital evolution.
The history of the retail stores can be studied under different sub-topics which are mentioned
below:
2.3.1 Mom and Pops stores:
Mom and Pops refers to family-owned small independent business hub. These stores
established during 1700s and flourished during the late 18th century in the United States.
Most of the stores during this period were drug stores and general stores selling varieties of
items and almost everything from groceries to fabrics. Almost every town used to have mom
and pops stores for purchase of daily items in those days.
According to research, this sort of businesses still exists in America. Of the nearly 30 million
small businesses in America, 19% are family owned and 1.2 million are run by a married
couple.
Simran Lama
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior 9
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
2.3.2 Evolution of departmental stores:

The evolution of the departmental stores began in the mid-18th century and flourished in the
late 19thcentury. During the late 19th and 20th century the business and economic sectors of
America changed drastically as the dominant agricultural business was replaced by
manufacturing and industries. The establishment of new industries brought new jobs and
new lifestyle to people.
With more successful and affluent Americans having broader tastes, department shops like
Macy’s (1858), Bloomingdales (1861), and Sears (1886) began shooting up in cities like
New York City and Chicago. These institutions became fixtures of life, influencing:
 what people bought
 how they furnished their homes
 what luxuries they felt they needed.
The stores didn’t just sell items. They also provided demonstrations, lectures, and entertainment
events that appealed to newly wealthy customers trying to find how best to use their income.
2.3.3 Use of first cash register:

The first cash register named ‘incorruptible cashier’ was invented by James Ritty in 1883 who was a
saloon owner at Ohio. This machine consisted of metal taps and simple mechanism to
records the sales. A bell sounded when a purchase was completed, resulting in the
phrase “ringing up” — which we still use today.
The invention of cash register made the retail owners easy to keep track of their sales and
accounting. Later, the advancement of those cashier made the stores resistant to theft as
well. Later POS (point of sale) systems have advanced the register industry even further by
providing computerized cash registers which will keep track of inventory, process credit
cards, and supply multiple connected touch-screen terminals additionally to helping to
manage profit margins.
2.3.4 Credit cards or charge cards:
Credit cards or charge cards began its use in 1920s in American stores. Initially, credit
cards were issued by hotels and business companies and they could be used only within
their companies however in 1950 Diners club card was established that could be used in
multiple establishments.
The first bank to run credit card was the Bank of America in 1958 to withdraw money to shop
so that the people should not run to banks to withdraw the money.
2.3.5 Establishment of shopping malls:

Technically, the first shopping mall to have been established was an outdoor shopping plaza
in Kansas City in 1922 and the first indoor shopping mall was established in 1956 in Edina,
Minnesota. The development of the shopping malls was interrelated with the growth of
automobiles. The malls were hub for cultural and social interaction at that time. By 1960
there were more than 4500 malls however later with the establishment of e-commerce the
Simran Lama
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior 10
architecture 141
sales of malls declined.
FASHION
Technology
Simran Lama
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior 11
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
2.4 Anthropometry and space planning:

2.4.1 Anthropometry:
Anthropometry is the study of human body
measurements. It is the systematic and scientific
measurement of human body. This is important for
industrial design, clothing design and architecture; the
anthropometric measurements may be defined by
height, length and circumference of body segments,
bone diameter, weight of a person, etc.
These are used to develop standards for human

clearances and manoeuvring space between pieces of
furniture or human body in Static (the measurement of
body sizes at rest) and Dynamic (the measurement of Figure 6:Anthropometric data and
body sizes in motion or engaged in a physical activity) measurement according to space occupied
by occupant.
body posture.
Since the function of mercantile establishment is to display

their products and sell them. The space planning for display, movement and various other
activities should be planned to properly display the products to the consumers and avoid any
sort of discomfort or accidents.
It is important that the space during which the buyer and owner are involved in various
activities be planned and fully functioning. the planning of the spaces should coordinate
architectural factors, interior designs and merchandising elements as necessary to satisfy
the programmatic needs of the client.
Figure 7: Anthropometric data of seated customer high table. (Time saver standards for interior
design).
Simran Lama
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior 11
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
Figure 8:Anthropometry of seated customer counter height. (Time saver standards for interior
design)
Figure 9:Main public aisle and secondary public aisle width (Human dimension and interior
space)
2.4.2 Space planning and Circulation:

Space planning refers to the depth analysis of provided space and assigning of the space
by zoning, circulation path, measurement, focus, openings to form it more functional and
productive.
Retail space planning refers to the practice of designing a mercantile establishment layout
during a way that guides customers easily round the premises. This process involves
watching several factors, including product placement, traffic flow and floor plans.
The most commonly used floor plans for retail stores are listed down below:
Simran Lama
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior 12
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
2.4.2.1.1 Grid layout:

Grids are probably the most common sort of plan in
retail, where aisles are laid call at a consistent set of
grids. they're most frequently seen in large shops like
supermarkets and DIY stores, as they permit
customers to manoeuvre through a central path to
seek out the aisles they have easily.
This plan gives retailers great opportunities to

merchandise items using end caps and have walls.
Grid layouts also can accommodate high levels of
pedestrian traffic, thanks to
their wide aisles. The uniformity of this store layout gives customers the arrogance to browse
and be exposed to several products. However, it might be perceived as unimaginative.
2.4.2.1.2 Looped layout:

A looped plan, also called a racetrack layout,
maximises wall space future premises and features a
loop that guides customers round the remainder of
the shop. This plan allows customers to ascertain all
the products on the perimeter walls from any point
within the store, with smaller, zonal displays within
the centre of the shop.
A looped layout is typically used within smaller

shops, like toy and apparel stores so as to steer
pedestrian traffic around predetermined pathways.
Research has shown that the majority customers
walk anti-clockwise around a
store, which is information you'll use to maximise the effectiveness of a looped layout.
2.4.2.1.3 Free-flow layout:

A free-flow store layout has low flow of traffic and
consists of a series of highly visible displays,
using product groupings and colour accents to
draw in shoppers. it's useful to use in irregularly
shaped spaces, where more traditional layouts
aren't possible. you'll got to fully utilise your wall
space so as to form the foremost from a free-flow
layout.
It is an excellent choice for luxury retailers that
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
Architecture Interior 13
architecture 141
often reconfigure
FASHION
their displays and need to
spotlight specific
Technology
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
product ranges. This layout has got to be thought out, because it can look cluttered and be
difficult to navigate around a store when a free-flow layout isn't implemented properly.
2.4.2.1.4 Herringbone layout:

A herringbone layout is formed very almost like the
grid but with key differences. It features a main
aisle from the decompression zone to the rear wall
with side aisles go all the thanks to the walls. So
rather than a free flow through different aisles, a
customer goes from the most aisle to a side aisle
that dead-ends against the venue’s wall. to travel
to a different aisle, they need to return to the most
aisle first. Generally, at the top of the most aisle
(at the rear of the retail store) is that the cashier.
The obvious advantage of this layout is that the ability

to maximise merchandise during a small space during a similar way that the grid layout
does, but it comes at a price. These side aisles create limited visibility and increase the
likelihood of shoplifting. It also creates a cramped feeling and increases the likelihood of
narrow aisle.
2.5 Materials used:

2.5.1 Ceiling:
A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room. Ceilings can
be decorated to taste, and there are many fine examples of frescoes and artwork on
ceilings especially in religious buildings. There are different types of materials used in ceiling
of retail stores. The design of ceilings helps to elevate the interior of any space.
The varieties of ceilings used that are used mostly used commercially are:
2.5.1.1.1 Gypsum ceiling:

Gypsum, chemically known as calcium sulphate
Dihydrate, is a soft sulphate mineral. It is used for
decoration and construction, dating back to ancient
Egypt. There are two types of gypsum; Natural and
Flu-Gas Desulfurization (FDG). This type of false
ceiling is lightweight, sound insulated, fire resistance,
soft, thermally and acoustically insulated.
Gypsum false ceiling comes within the shape of square

boards that are hung with the assistance of iron Figure 10: Gypsum ceiling. (Builders, 2018)
framework. The finishing work on these boards like
paints, laminates, wallpapers and texture finish gives
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
good look.
FASHION
Technology
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
2.5.1.1.2 Acoustic ceiling:

Acoustic ceilings are mostly known for its ability to
soak up sound. Acoustic ceilings are made from
Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) for sound
absorption and Sound Transmission Class (STC) for
blocking sound.
There is an enormous sort of acoustical ceiling options.

A dropped or suspended ceiling is extremely common.
the quality color is white or off-white. For sound control
and noise reduction, it’s advisable to work out what Figure 11: Acoustic tiles suspended
ceiling. (Builders, 2018)
works for the space that you simply have
supported how you plan to use the space.
2.5.1.1.3 Timber ceiling:

Timber ceilings are basically made out of wood used as
construction material. Ceilings made from timber aren't
only attractive and unique, but they're also long lasting.
However, before choosing a timber design for your
ceiling, take time and choose between several sorts of
wood, an honest timber species. it's always advisable to
use locally available material. this is often mostly what
determines the sort of timber to use. Sustainability, cost,
and suitability play an enormous role when it involves
choosing.
Figure 12: Timber ceilings. (Builders, 2018)
2.5.1.1.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ceilings:

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ceilings are the foremost
common sorts of ceilings today. PVC is essentially
manufactured plastic that's found in several materials
from toys to construction material. a number of the
benefits of PVC are its affordability, the convenience of
installation, it’s hygienic, it’s user friendly and it doesn't
need further finishing after installation. the simplest PVC
to use is heavily plasticized PVC, which has been found
to be quite safe for future use.
Figure 13:PVC Ceilings. (Builders,

2018)
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
2.5.2 Flooring:
There are various sorts of flooring options as per the planning requirements. Multiple
choices in floorings are available during this modern time for us to settle on from for
aesthetic, economic and simple availability. Here are a number of the kinds of floorings that
are growing popular among users today.
2.5.2.1.1 Wooden parquets:

Parquet which means ‘a small compartment’ in
French is a geometrical arrangement of
wooden mosaic specially used for decorative
flooring. For parquet various types of timber
are used such as: oakwood, walnut, pine,
lime, maple, cherry, Shisham, saaj, teak,
etc. Parquet floors are especially suitable
for indoors rather than outdoors.
Wooden parquets are also great for insulation, both acoustic and thermal insulation.
Parquetting is used for construction of furniture, cabinets, panelling, parquetting, boat
building, etc. This timber varies in colour from light brown to dark brown. Due to its wooden
texture, it gives a home the feeling of warmth.
2.5.2.1.2 Stone floors:

Natural stone is homogeneous metamorphic
rock derived from sedimentary rock composed
from clay or volcanic ash. They can be used as
roofing material or flooring. Small stone bars
can also be cladded on the walls. They come in
different colours, shapes and sizes. The high-
class stones are utilized as flooring since
they're stain-safe and non-permeable. It's
additionally difficult to harm. These are
commonly used in the interior as well as
exterior.
Source: Pinterest
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
2.5.2.1.3 Marbles floors:

Marbles are metamorphic rocks. When the
sedimentary or the igneous rocks undergo
certain changes such as in their chemical
properties, physical properties due to high
temperature and pressure or metamorphic
actions, metamorphic rocks are formed.
Marbles are found in different varieties of
shape, size and design. it is a versatile
material that can be used in both interior and
exterior but is mainly used in the interiors.
2.5.2.1.4 Laminated floors:

Laminate flooring is made very similar to
engineered wood, with a skinny veneer over
layers of plywood or compressed fibre.
However, the highest layer isn't wood but a
photograph under a transparent plastic
coating. That means laminate can appear as
if wood, stone, tile, or just about the other
material. Laminate can mimic the design of
wood or stone for much less money. It’s also
easy to wash and requires very little
maintenance.
2.5.2.1.5 PVC Carpets:

PVC represents polyvinyl chloride, which is the
material that makes up vinyl flooring.
Subsequently, it is frequently abbreviated to
polyvinyl flooring or basically, vinyl flooring, the
most widely recognized term for this specific
floor covering. PVC flooring is durable as it is
not difficult to clean and keep up. It is resistant
to water and moisture as compared to other
interior flooring materials.
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
2.5.3 Lightings:
Lighting plays a very crucial role in illuminating any space. They can help any space warm
and comfortable or cool. Lighting helps in elevating quality of any space and make use of
alternative source for natural lighting. There are varieties of lighting used in retail stores.
Some of the lightings are listed down below:
2.5.3.1.1 Ambient lights:

Ambient lighting refers to the store’s main
lighting. This light makes sure that the
customers have enough light to feel
comfortable within the store. Too dim
and therefore the store looks dingy,
making it difficult to read product labels
and making customers uncomfortable.
On the opposite hand, if the lighting is

just too bright it's also uncomfortable for
patrons. What percentage lights, and the https://omnify.lighting/wp-
way bright they are will depend upon the content/uploads/Image_1_lumisheet_800x500.j
dimensions of pg
the space. A large, warehouse style space with high ceilings would require many powerful
lights since they're going to be hung fairly high and wish to illuminate an outsized area. A
little store would require dimmer, less powerful lights so as to realize an equivalent level of
lighting.
2.5.3.1.2 Task lights:

Task lighting refers to lights that are
focused on areas of the shop that need
more light. Customers need more light
within the changing room in order that
they can accurately assess the fit and
appearance of the things they're fitting.
Task lighting is additionally useful for
highlighting store’s sign and therefore
the entrance area in order that customers
can clearly read store’s name and are
welcomed into the shop. https://www.studionlighting.com/blog/retail-
store- lighting-design-basics/
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
2.5.3.1.3 Accent lights:

Accent lighting is lighting which are used
to highlight specific areas so as to draw
customer attention to specific products
and provides customers the sense that
these products are important and
noteworthy. Accent lighting highlights
seasonal products and to spotlight
specific products on shelves or in
display nooks. Accent lighting is
additionally very effective in window
displays since they visually emphasize (MEADOWLARK, n.d.)
products and help bring people into any
store.
2.5.3.1.4 Decorative lights:

Decorative lighting is all about visual appeal and far less
focused on illumination. Lighting fixtures play an enormous
role during this lighting as they have to be beautiful and
ornamental. Decorative lighting also invokes nostalgic
feelings.
2.6 Colour psychology:

Colour psychology is the study of colours with
respect to human behaviour. Colour psychology plays
a very vital role in designing. Shading brain research
is a ground-breaking inside plan apparatus that
impacts the state of mind of a room more so than
some other factor. Various shades summon certain
feelings along these lines, while picking shadings, it's
essential to consider the sort of air we wish to make
and which tones will assist you with accomplishing it.
Different colours have different impact on human
mind and vice-versa. (Cojo,
2020)
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
 Why does colour matter in retail stores?

When it involves sales, mercantile establishment displays are quite about looking pretty.
 73% of buying decisions are made in-store.
 Potential customers make a subconscious judgement within 90 seconds of entering a
store.
 62%-90% of first impressions are supported colour.
 52% of shoppers won’t return to a store if they don’t just like the aesthetics.
 93% of buying decisions are supported visual appearance.
 Colour advertisements are read 42% quite black and white.
As to indirect effects on your brand and product:

 Colour increases brand recognition by up to 80%.
 Colour boosts memory by adding an additional stimulus for the brain.
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
3. Case study:
3.1 National case-study:
3.1.1 The local project Nepal:
Location: Jhamsikhel, Lalitpur.
Located inside Café Evoke
premises.
Introduction: The local project Nepal

was founded in 2017 which targeted a
platform for native and indigenous
products. They are
not only focused on selling handicrafts but also other
accessories like bags, clothing, shoes, small gift items and
home accessories. This retail shop provides customers to get
direct access of diverse range of authentic local products. Local
project Nepal has also given a platform for the growth of local
market, local artisans and entrepreneurs.
This store is just opposite to Vivanta

Kathmandu inside a lane. Its entrance is
oriented towards the eastern side of the
setting. Along within the complex there is
Evoke café and bistro which gives more
exposure to more customers in the store.
As Jhamsikhel is one of those famous

places for many foreigners there is more
opportunities for the retail store to sustain
their market. Adding to the following
statement the products found in this store Figure 14: Outdoor space of ’The Local Project Nepal’.
attracts more foreigners as they showcase (Taylor, 2019)
authentic, organic and locally produced
products which helps the Nepalese
economy too. There is also good space for parking inside the premises.
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
3.1.1.1.1 Zoning:
 The entrance of this store is from the east and with entering inside there is reception
area.
 The products are displayed in the southern, northern and western sides utilizing the
walls and window spaces.
 The products are displayed in show racks and some of them are kept on top of
cabinets.
 Some of the clothes are hanged on the hangers and all the local and handmade
products are displayed on top of show racks.
Figure 15:East view of Local project. Figure 16: West view of Local project.
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
Figure 17: North view of Local project. Figure 18: South view of Local project.
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
 Different varieties of products such as clothes, backpacks, tote bags, essential oils,
essence, ceramics, board games, accessories etc. are on display for sale.
 They also sell feminine hygiene products that are locally handmade which
contributes to different NGOs of Nepal.
3.1.1.1.2 Flooring, ceiling, lighting and colour:

The flooring finish used inside this store is white glossy tiles with RCC ceiling and another is
temporary structure as ceiling. The lighting that has been used inside the store are warm
pendant lights and cool LED lights along with spotlights whereas the colour scheme of this
store is white with minimal designs and natural wood used as furniture.
3.1.2 Sana Hastakala:
Location: Jhamsikhel, Lalitpur. (138.26 ft South-west to Jhamsikhel chowk beside

Himalayan bank)
Area: Approx. 1779.14 sq. ft.
Introduction: Sana hastakala meaning ‘small handicrafts’ in Nepali is a Nepalese fair-trade

organisation which was established in 1989 with the financial and technical support of
UNICEF to promote and sell Nepalese handicrafts
Sana hastakala are Nepal based retail store and export company that sells Nepalese crafts
and goods around the globe. All their production is from their own production unit and some
of them are from
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
small scale producers from all over Nepal. Sana hastakala itself is an opportunity for
underprivileged women to showcase their hard-work and creativity through arts and crafts.
This organisation collaborates with more than 60 producers, projects and organisations and
market them.
3.1.2.1.1 Zoning:
 The entrance has access from the northern side.
 The first zoning is reception area with entering the main door.
 The layout of the store is done in looped layout.
 In one of the corners there is space separated to store their spare products.
 There are different kinds of handicraft products inside the store such as: side bags,
tote bags,
laptop bags, purses, Mithila art inspired mirrors and photo frames, locally produced
bedsheets and pillow cases, ceramic products, etc.
 The northern side has glass curtain wall so that the products are visible from outside
and the people can also do window-shopping.
 There is parking space outside the store which can accommodate bikes or scooters.
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
Figure 19:East view of Sana Hastakala. Figure 20:West view of Sana Hastakala.
Figure 22: South view of Sana Hastakala.

Figure 21: North view of Sana Hastakala.
3.1.2.1.2 Flooring, ceiling and lighting:

The flooring finish used inside this store is white glossy tiles with RCC ceiling. The lighting
that has been used inside the store is cool LED lights.
3.1.3 Analysis and findings:

Features The Local Project Nepal Sana Hastakala
Layout Looped Looped
Lighting Warm pendant and cool LED Cool LED and tube-lights
&
spotlights
Flooring White glossy tiles White glossy tiles
Ceiling RCC and temporary ceiling RCC ceiling
Appearance More aesthetic Less aesthetic
Products Less products on display More products on display
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
3.2 International case study:

3.2.1 Banema Store:
Figure 23: Banema Store interior. (Moreira, 2021)
Banema concept store was established in the year 2020 by an architectural firm Campos
Costa Arquitetos that is located in Lisboa, Portugal. The total area of this store is 100m²/
1076.39 sq. ft.
This store was specially designed as a materials showroom and a design product store. It
shares a two different activities, products and customers within a single space.
3.2.1.1.1 Floor plan:
Figure 24: Floor plan. (Moreira, 2021)
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
3.2.1.1.2 Design Features:

The room is organized around a piece of furniture
that weaves its way through it, created from a
repeatable module that creates locations for
sharing both activities and gathering spaces, as
well as exhibition niches.
The showroom's display wall is continuous and

utilizes the store's entire width, allowing for greater
freedom in organizing and disposing of huge items.
Figure 25: Store's display wall. (Moreira, 2021)
The space's main point is a serpentine module.
All of the establishment's spaces are organized

around a module made of acrylic stone in the
Evergreen shade, with lines and curving motifs that
run the length of the space. This eye-catching
design features numerous distinct zones that can
be utilized as conference rooms or mini
showrooms. The sides of the module make
advantage of the whole length of the shop, allowing
for ideal display organization and placement.
The big circular entrances are paired with linear-

themed furnishings to create the impression of a Figure 26: Serpentine Module. (Moreira, 2021)
large grid. It's all completed in a deep petrol blue
that creates a curvy
ambiance. This acrylic stone outperforms other materials, which allow it to be moulded into
any
shape without losing the colour’s richness.
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
3.2.1.1.3 Colour:
The colours utilized in this project, evergreen,
are inspired by nature's beauty, and their
pigment quality produces deep tones capable of
imbuing any project with strength and
personality.
3.2.1.1.4 Ceiling, flooring and lighting:

Ceiling in this store is composed of RCC with smooth finishing in white colour.
Flooring has been given polished concrete finishing while there are 3 types of lighting used in
the interior i.e., spotlights, pendant lights and LED lights.
3.2.2 Kanishka Oybek Store:

Kanishka Oybek store is a clothing and accessories brand store
that is located in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. This store is designed
by ARC Architects in the year 2019 that is situated in the
basement of a 9- storied residential building. The total area of
this store is 270 m²/2906.26 sq. ft.
This store has a looped layout without any window. The store is
designed in industrial style with a lot of pipes whereas the
building in which the store is sited has been built from precast
concrete with brutal modernist architectural style. The major
concept was to transfer modernist Tashkent architecture to the
interior of the store, making the exterior of the building and the
interior of the store appear to be one.
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
3.2.2.1.1 Plan:
Figure 27: Floor plan (Kanishka Oybek store) (Pintos, 2021)
The main entrance is situated at the south with a stairway for the access in the interior
space. An accessories area and a checkout counter are located in the store's centre
section. The leather goods section is on the left, and the apparel section, with a small
courtyard, is on the right.
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
3.2.2.1.2 Design features:

The main concept of the store was inspired by
modernist Tashkent architecture.
All of the interior parts are created entirely of

concrete and metal, with mosaic panels
adorning the walls.
Images of sun-protection buildings, monumental

art elements, and mosaics are used throughout
the interior.
3.2.2.1.3 Ceiling, flooring and lighting:

The whole building is composed of precast concrete so the floors, ceiling and walls of the
store is made up of concrete. Not only the structural elements but also the interior furniture
has been made from it. Precast concrete is a construction material produced by casting
concrete in a reusable mould or form.
There are mainly 3 types of lighting used inside this store. They are: spotlights, tube-lights
in the interior spaces and wall accent lights in the small courtyard and in the entry way.
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
3.2.3 Analysis and findings:

Features Banema Store Kanishka Oybek Store
Function Materials showroom and Clothing and accessories
design product store. store.
Design Serpentine module with the Brutal modernist/brutalism
use of petrol blue colour inarchitectural style with pre-
the interior. cast concrete and mosaic
designs.
Flooring Polished concrete flooring Pre-cast concrete
Ceiling RCC with smooth finishing Pre-cast concrete
Lighting Spotlights, LED and pendant Spotlights, tube-lights and
lights wall accent lights
4. Site Analysis:
 Location: Metro-hall, Kuleshwor road, Kathmandu 351.21 m (1,152.27 ft) from ring-
road.
 Approx. site area: 492.99 m² (5,306.52 ft²)
 Geographic location: Latitude 27.68796°, Longitude 85.29841°
 Altitude: 4320 ft. above sea level.
 Settlement pattern: Compact settlement with commercial area.
 Structure: Permanent structures.
 Orientation: Ring-road access from the south and façade oriented to the west.
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
4.1 Findings:
 The site location is about (351.21 m/1,152.27 ft) north from the main highway. This is
an accessible location both by foot and on vehicles.
 There is both pedestrian and vehicular movement around the site.
 The site has very busy circulation all day.
 The road is about 8.16 m (26.76 ft) wide.
 This site area is commercial area.
 This site is very suitable to establish retail store that sells local and handicraft
products as there are no such stores around.
4.2 Settlement pattern:

The site has compact settlement pattern with
residential building along with commercialised
areas. People have utilised the ground floor
level as shops and groceries and many of the
building is used just for commercial purpose.
The site receives less amount of morning sun
but receives enough afternoon sunlight from
the west and enters the façade.
Figure 28: Settlement around the site.
4.3 Circulation pattern:

There is both pedestrian and vehicular
movement around the site. The roads are very
busy all day as the road around the site
connects to the main highway with main
vehicular route.
Figure 29: Vehicular movement during afternoon.
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
4.4 Solar orientation:

Solar orientation is the process of positioning the
building with respect to the sun-path. It is very
important to consider solar orientation while designing
a building. It takes a vital role in maintaining thermal
comfort in a space. The sun-path influences the length
of daytime experienced and measure of sunshine
received inside any space.
According to the sun-path, below are some points

found after the analysis:
 Sun path is from NE-SW.
 The site gets less amount of morning sunlight in
Figure 30: Solar orientation of site.
the interior spaces but gets abundant amount of
afternoon sunlight from the west in the interior
from the façade.
4.5 Site views:
Figure 31:East view of the site. Figure 32: West view of the site.
Figure 33: North view of the site. Figure 34: South view of the site.
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
5. SWOT Analysis:
5.1 Strength:
 The site is located inside ring road which is easily accessible.
 The site is also visible and is easier to find for first timer too.
 It has easy way-finding with the help of landmarks.
5.2 Weakness:
 The road in front of the site has busy vehicular movement all day so noise may be a
problem.
 There is no provision of parking garage. The vehicles visiting the site are parked on
the sides of the road.
 The site is not an ideal location for tourists be it local or international.
5.3 Opportunities:
 As the site is located in residential and commercial area the commute way for people
visiting the store is easier.
 There are not any well-designed handicraft stores in this area which is plus point for
both the local people and store itself.
5.4 Threats:
 There are high possibilities of establishment of similar retail stores around the site.
5.5 Climate analysis:

Climate analysis is important to be researched in order to learn about the design strategies
and thermal comfort which is required in the building design. Various environmental and
personal factors are analysed and different climatic conditions are studied. Following are
various climatic condition of the site that are studied for the Retail store design.
5.5.1 Average temperature:
 From April 5 to October 10, the warm season lasts 6.1 months, with an average daily
high temperature of more than 80°F. June is the hottest month in Kathmandu, with
average highs of 83°F and lows of 68°F.
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
 From December 9 to February 11, the cool season lasts 2.1 months, with an average
daily high temperature below 68°F. January is the coldest month in Kathmandu, with
an average low of 38°F and a high of 65°F.
5.5.2 Average rainfall:
 Monthly rainfall in Kathmandu varies greatly depending on the season.

 From April 8 to October 31, the rainy season lasts 6.7 months, with a typical 31-day
rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. July is the wettest month in Kathmandu, with an
average rainfall of 7.3 inches.
 From October 31 to April 8, the year's rainless season lasts 5.3 months. November is
the driest month in Kathmandu, with an average rainfall of 0.1 inches.
5.5.3 Average humidity:
 The perceived humidity in Kathmandu varies dramatically throughout the year.
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
 From May 27 to October 6, the hottest part of the year lasts 4.4 months, during
which time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or terrible at least 24% of the
time. August has the muggiest days in Kathmandu, with 29.7 days of muggy weather
or worse.
 Humid conditions are virtually unheard of on February 15, the least muggy day of the
year.
5.5.4 Average wind and wind direction:
 Over the course of the year, the average hourly wind speed in Kathmandu shows
some seasonal variation.
 From February 15 to July 19, the windier period of the year lasts 5.1 months, with
average wind speeds of more than 5.0 miles per hour. April is the windiest month in
Kathmandu, with average hourly wind speeds of 6.2 miles per hour.
 From July 19 to February 15, the calmer season lasts 6.9 months. December is the
calmest month in Kathmandu, with an average hourly wind speed of 3.8 miles per
hour.
 In Kathmandu, the major average hourly wind direction changes throughout the year.
 For 3.1 weeks, from March 30 to April 21, the wind is most commonly from the west,
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
with a peak proportion of 35% on March 30. For 5.7 months, from April 21 to October
12, the wind
Technology
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
is most typically from the south, with a peak proportion of 72 percent on July 12. For
5.6 months, from October 12 to March 30, the wind is most commonly from the
north, with a peak percentage of 51% on January 1.
5.6 Site justification:

 The site is situated inside main highway area which makes it very easily accessible.
 This site is very suitable to establish retail store that sells local and handicraft
products as there are no such stores around.
 There is a good facility of transportation. The public vehicles are easily accessible
from the site location if the staffs or customers need to travel from public vehicles.
5.7 Landmarks:
The site is located towards 250.29 m (821.17 ft) ahead southeast

from Kuleshwor Ganesthan mandir. While going from Kuleshwor
Ganeshthan mandir towards the site, the site lies on our left-hand
side.
Figur 35: Kuleshw

e
Ganeshthan or
mandir.
The site is can also be located from Vayodha

hospital, Balkhu,KTM. The site lies 393.48 m
(1,290.94 ft) ahead north from Vayodha hospital.
While going from Vayodha hospital towards the
site, the site lies on our right-hand side.
Figure 36: Vayodha hospital, Balkhu, KTM.
2020 batch (3rd

semester)
B.A in Interior
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
5.8 Building plan:

E
FAÇAD
N
RECEPTIO
E
ENTRANC
Total Floor Area: 1529.15 sq. ft.

Ceiling height: 10’-0”
The total area of the building is 1529.15 sq. ft. The assigned area for our project is 1500-
2000 sq. ft. The building has its façade oriented towards the west. With entering the main
entrance there is an access for the reception area.
The building does not have any internal wall partitions because all the internal partitions
have been done with the display shelves. The flooring finish is glossy tiles, wall finish is
smooth plaster and the ceiling is RCC ceiling. Spotlights, LED lights and pendant lights are
dominant inside the building space.
Figure 37: Waiting lobby in front of reception Figure 38:East view of the building.
area.
Simran Lama
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior 38
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
Figure 39:North view of the building. Figure 40:Area behind the reception area.
6. Concept:
6.1 Modern zen style:
Zen is a way of life that elevates simplicity to an
art form through an extremely intimate, brutally
pared- down search for meaning. This minimalist
attitude is embodied in Zen design, which makes
use of natural materials, light and space patterns,
and a near- monastic avoidance of clutter. A Zen
interior is designed to be soothing, meditative,
and visually pleasing. The same principles that
apply to life planning apply to interior design.
Figure 41: Zen
interior.
Wabi-sabi is a Japanese design concept that
mixes natural influences and a neutral palette with
an acceptance of the beauty in everyday life's
imperfections. Wabi-sabi, in contrast to
minimalism, praises the knot in the wood or the
wrinkle in the linen. Zen style comes from
Japanese design style that follows its principle.
Some of the components of Japanese interior
design and Zen philosophy are listed below:
 Use of large expansive windows or shoji
that enables abundant natural light inside
Figure 42: wabi-sabi ukrainian shkrub house.
the interior spaces. (diandra, 2021)
Simran Lama
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior 39
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
 Shoji is a traditional Japanese door, window or partition material that’s made from wooden
frame and lined from paper or translucent sheets.
 Abundant use of natural materials like woods, handwoven mats, many indoor plants,
zen garden etc.
 This concept follows the wabi-sabi interior design philosophy that implies one to live
with imperfection of the world.
Modern zen is very suitable for the interior setting of handicraft stores as it blends very well
with the concept. Use of natural elements and minimal colour palettes helps to maintain
calm and soothing environment in the store that pleases both the staffs and customers. The
staffs won’t feel the stress and even if they feel such way this concept helps them to be calm
and work smoothly.
6.2 Conceptual Sketches:
7. Conclusion and findings:

To sum up everything above, all the research that have been done till the date has been
very helpful to understand different objectives to design a retail store. Everything from
design strategies to lighting and different layouts were very useful to have learned through
the research done. It also gave an idea of different concept to design a space and explore
Simran Lama
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior 40
architecture 141
the creativity inside us.
FASHION
Technology
Simran Lama
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior 41
architecture 141
FASHION
Technology
8. References
Builders, S. I. (2018). Sahihi Interior Builders. Retrieved 9 29, 2021, from
https://sahihicinteriors.medium.com/ceilings-fe6109ce4cea
Cojo. (2020). UX Planet. Retrieved 9 30, 2021, from https://uxplanet.org/ux-design-colour-
psychology-theory-accessibility-40c095cc1077
diandra, s. (2021, 12 4). the design story. Retrieved from project of the month: the wabi-sabi
ukrainian shkrub house take cues from japanese philosophy and the ancient era:
https://www.thedesignstory.com/blog/architecture/project-of-the-month-the-wabi-
sabi- ukrainian-shkrub-house-take-cues-from-japanese-philosophy-and-the-ancient-
era
holidify. (n.d.). holidify. Retrieved 9 25, 2021, from
https://www.holidify.com/pages/handicrafts-of- nepal-2036.html
local, H. (n.d.). Hamro local. Retrieved from
https://hamrolocal.com/listing/kathmandu/shopping/big-mart/
MEADOWLARK. (n.d.). MEADOWLARK. Retrieved 9 30, 2021, from
https://www.meadowlarkbuilders.com/blog/lights-camera-action-accent-lighting-
shapes- scene
Moreira, S. (2021). ArchDaily. Retrieved 11 17, 2021, from
https://www.archdaily.com/968681/banema-store-campos-costa-
arquitetos?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab
Orgs, W. (2020). World Orgs. Retrieved 9 16, 2021, from
https://in.worldorgs.com/catalog/lalitpur/discount-store/saleways-department-store
Pintos, P. (2021). ArchDaily. Retrieved 11 21,
2021, from https://www.archdaily.com/966491/kanishka-oybek-store-arc-
architects?ad_medium=gallery
Supermarket, B.-B. (n.d.). Bhat-Bhateni Supermarket & Departmental store. Retrieved from
https://www.bbsm.com.np/bhat-bhateni-kalanki/
Taylor, J. (2019). The Annapurna express. Retrieved
11 17, 2021, from https://theannapurnaexpress.com/news/the-globalizing-
local-project-1797
Tripadvisor. (2021). Tripadvisor. Retrieved 9 20, 2021, from
https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g293890-d13526189-Reviews-
Himalayan_Cashmere_Manufacturing_Company-
Kathmandu_Kathmandu_Valley_Bagmati_Zone.html
weatherspark. (2021, 12 4). Weather Spark. Retrieved from Climate and Average Weather
Year Round in Kathmandu : https://weatherspark.com/y/111107/Average-Weather-
in- Kathmandu-Nepal-Year-Round#Sections-Precipitation
Simran Lama
2020 batch (3rd
semester)
B.A in Interior 42
architecture 141

Retail Store Report

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Retail Store Report

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IEC COLLEGE OF ART &

Figure 39:North view of the building ................................................................................... 39

Handicraft store in general stands for the store that

1.3 Scope of study:

1.4 Limitation of study:

2.2 Types of retail stores:

2.2.2 Speciality stores:

2.2.4 Convenience Stores:

Figure 5: Big mart (local, n.d.)

2.2.5 Discount stores:

2.2.6 Warehouse stores:

2.3 A brief history and revolution of retail stores:

2.3.2 Evolution of departmental stores:

2.3.3 Use of first cash register:

2.3.5 Establishment of shopping malls:

2.4 Anthropometry and space planning:

These are used to develop standards for human

Since the function of mercantile establishment is to display

2.4.2 Space planning and Circulation:

2.4.2.1.1 Grid layout:

This plan gives retailers great opportunities to

2.4.2.1.2 Looped layout:

A looped layout is typically used within smaller

2.4.2.1.3 Free-flow layout:

It is an excellent choice for luxury retailers that

2020 batch (3rd

2020 batch (3rd

2.4.2.1.4 Herringbone layout:

The obvious advantage of this layout is that the ability

2.5 Materials used:

2.5.1.1.1 Gypsum ceiling:

Gypsum false ceiling comes within the shape of square

2020 batch (3rd

2.5.1.1.2 Acoustic ceiling:

There is an enormous sort of acoustical ceiling options.

2.5.1.1.3 Timber ceiling:

2.5.1.1.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ceilings:

Figure 13:PVC Ceilings. (Builders,

2020 batch (3rd

2.5.2.1.1 Wooden parquets:

2.5.2.1.2 Stone floors:

2020 batch (3rd

2.5.2.1.3 Marbles floors:

2.5.2.1.4 Laminated floors:

2.5.2.1.5 PVC Carpets:

2020 batch (3rd

2.5.3.1.1 Ambient lights:

On the opposite hand, if the lighting is

2.5.3.1.2 Task lights:

2020 batch (3rd

2.5.3.1.3 Accent lights:

2.5.3.1.4 Decorative lights:

2.6 Colour psychology:

2020 batch (3rd

 Why does colour matter in retail stores?

As to indirect effects on your brand and product:

2020 batch (3rd

Introduction: The local project Nepal

This store is just opposite to Vivanta

As Jhamsikhel is one of those famous

2020 batch (3rd

2020 batch (3rd

2020 batch (3rd

2020 batch (3rd