Keybook Grade

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Grade Content
1
Unit Characteristics and life Processes of Organisms 03

2 Ecosystems 08
Unit
3
Unit Human Health 12
4
Unit Matter and its Characteristics 15
5
Unit Forms of Energy and Energy transfer 18
6
Unit Forces and Motion 23
7
Unit Earth and its Resources 29
8
Unit Earth’s Weather and Climates 32
9
Unit Earth in the Solar System 35
10
Unit Technology in Everyday Life 40

Project Directors Syed Ali Ahsan, Syed Ahmed Shah

Writer Mohsin Munawar

Graphics Snowman Arts

Publisher Snowman Publishers

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be produced, translated,

stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
without the prior permission of Snowman Publishers.

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 1
Unit
Characteristics and Life Process
of Organisms
Formative Assessment
Vertebrates Invertebrates
Mammals
horse, dolphin, humans, cow, give birth to their Do not have bony skeleton
young ones, have fur or hair on their bodies Snail
Amphibians Jellyfish
salamander, breathe through gills when born, no Worm
exoskeleton
Spider
Birds
penguin, ostrich, have wings and feathers, have Starfish
beaks and bills instead of teeth
Fish
shark, have gills and respire under water
Reptiles
lizard and crocodile, dry and scaly skin

Activity for the students

Animal’s/plant’s Where did you Where do they What do they
name see them? live? eat?
Cat Street On the Street Meat, Milk,
Rose plant Park Anywhere in soil for water and fertilizers
example in the plant
pots, in our home
gardens/lawns,
parks and public
places

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 Summative Assessment
A. Choose the correct answer.
1: Which of the following animal do not have backbone?
Elephant Toad Spider Robin
2: Cow is a domestic animal, whale swims and lives in the water, a bat flies in the air.
What is common in these animals?
Feed their young ones with milk Give birth to their young ones
Have fur on their bodies All are mammals
3: Which one of the following is absent in non-flowering plants?
Stem Leaves Root Flower
4: This part of the plant turns into fruit:
Roots Stem Leaves Flower
5: Which one of the following is not a non-flowering plant?
Algae Mango Fern Moss
6: Which one of the following is used for cutting food?
Canine Premolar Molar Incisor
7: This part of the plant is known as the food factory of the plant:
leaves root stem seed

B: Fill in the blanks.

mature
1. Animals show growth in all of their body parts until they ______________.

endoskeleton and a backbone are called vertebrates.

2. Animals with ______________

fish
3. The scales and fins help ______________ to swim in water.

ecosystem to work and flourish.

4. Biodiversity allows an ______________

stomach
5. The ______________ is located on the left side of the upper part of the belly.

seeds
6. Some flowers turn into fruits and have ______________ inside them.

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C. Label the following diagram of human body.

Brain

Heart Tooth

Lung Lung

Liver Stomach

Kidney Kidney

Bones

D: Give short answer to the following questions.

Q.1: (a) What is an organism?
(b) Discuss the main differences between animals and plants.

Ans: (a) An organism is a living thing made up of one or more cells and able to
carry on the activities of life such as using energy, growing, or reproducing.

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 (b) Difference between plants and animals:-

Plants
1. Plant cells have cell walls and other
structures different from those of
animals.
2. Plants have either no or very basic
ability to sense.
3. Plants make their own food with the
help of sunlight, water and carbon
dioxide.
4. Plants cannot move about. They are
rooted at one place.
5. The growth of plants takes place
throughout their lives.
6. Plants produce seeds which grow to
make new plants.
Animals
1. Animal cells do not have cell walls
and have different structures than
plant cells.
2. Animals have a much more highly
developed sensory and nervous
system.
3. Animals cannot make their own food.
They depend on plants and other
animals for nutrition.
4. Animals are capable of locomotion.
They can freely move.
5. Animals show growth until they
mature.
6. Animals produce new young ones
through the process of reproduction.

Q.2: Differentiate between vertebrates and invertebrates.

Ans: Vertebrates
1. They are Small and
slower-moving animals. (snail,
squid, fly, prawn etc).
2. They don't have an internal
skeleton or backbone.
3. All invertebrates are
cold-blooded.
Invertebrates
1. They are large and faster-moving
animals. (Mammals, birds,
amphibians, reptiles, fish).
2. They have well-developed brain,
Internal skeleton, and advanced
nervous system.
3. Some or most vertebrates are
warm-blooded.

Q.3: Write (any three) characteristics of living organisms.

Ans: Living organisms have the following characteristics in common:
Reproduction – They can make more of the same kind of organism as themselves.
Sensitivity –They can detect or sense stimuli and respond to them.
Growth -They can permanently increase their size or dry mass by increasing the
number or size of their cells.

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4: Differentiate between flowering plants and non-flowering plants.
Ans: Flowering plants grow flowers and use seeds to reproduce, or make more
plants like them. Non-flowering plants do not grow flowers, and use either seeds or
spores, which are very tiny parts of a plant that can be used to reproduce, to grow
more plants just like them.

5: What is the role of lungs in the body?

Ans: Respiration is the main role of the lungs, but they carry out other important
functions too. The lungs are responsible for removing carbon dioxide from the blood
and adding oxygen to it. The heart and lungs work together to do this.

6: Define Biodiversity.
Ans: Biodiversity is the variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular
habitat. It refers to all the variety of life that can be found on Earth (plants, animals,
fungi and micro-organisms) as well as to the communities that they form and the
habitats in which they live.
7: Muscles and bones work together in the body. Can you tell the functions they
perform?
Ans: Bones, muscles and joints hold our body together and support freedom of
movement. The major functions of muscles and bones are body support, facilitation
of movement, protection of internal organs and giving shape to our body.

8: How many types of teeth are present in a human body? Tell at least one
function of each.
Ans: There are four main types of teeth, and each one has a different shape and
function.
The four main types of teeth are:
1. Incisors:- Incisors are eight teeth in the front center of our mouth (four on both
bottom and top). Incisors are the teeth that we use to bite and cut into our food.
2. Canines:- Canines are the next teeth that develop in our mouth. We have four of
them and they are our sharpest teeth, used for tearing apart the food.
3. Premolars:- Premolars are used for chewing and crushing food. We have eight
premolars in total.
4. Molars:- Molars are our largest teeth. Their function is similar to that of the
premolars, to grind, tear, and crush food. We have 12 molars in total.

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 2
Unit Ecosystem
Formative Assessment
a. Match the terms given in the column A with the correct description given in
column B.

Column A Column B
biotic eat meat of the other animals

decomposer plant eating animals

ecosystem non-living things in an ecosystem

consumers make their own food

omnivores area where organisms live and interact with each other

abiotic living things in an ecosystem

herbivores eat both plants and animal meat

producers decompose dead plants ad animals

b. Temperature is an abiotic factor of an ecosystem. How does it affect an

ecosystem?
Ans: Temperature exerts an important influence on living organisms because few
can survive at extreme hot and cold temperatures. Temperature can limit the
distribution of living things. It can affect the life processes of the living things. So, a
change in temperature affects ecosystems in a variety of ways. For instance, warming
may force species to migrate to higher latitudes or higher elevations where
temperatures are more conducive to their survival.

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 Summative Assessment
A. Choose the correct answer.
1. Which of the following statement is true about the organism?
Does not need water and air Do not move
Need air, water, food and shelter Isn’t a part of an ecosystem
2. Which one of the following is not a type of forest ecosystem?
Coniferous Tropical Grassland Deciduous
3. Which one of the following is not a biotic component?
Water Plants Animal Microorganism
4. Which one of the following is an abiotic component?
Plants Air Soil Temperature
5. Which one of the following statements is correct for decomposers?
Meat eaters Plants eaters
Decomposer dead plants and animals Plants and meat eaters
6. An example of predator is:
leopard buffalo horse sunflower
7. Which one of the following is an herbivores?
Lion Goat Eagle Crow

B: Fill in the blanks.

sand
1. Deserts are hot places, bare and rocky or covered with ______________.
food
2. Most of the dependency of organism upon each other is based on ____________.
food chain
3. A ____________________________ shows how living organisms are linked to
each other for their food.
dispersal
4. Animals help some plants in ______________ of seeds.
prey
5. A ______________ animal is relatively smaller and less powerful than its predator.
agricultural land into
6. The issue of overcrowding has been slowly converting ____________
residential area.
7. Humans can play a vital role in preserving the different ecosystems
_____________.
important component that is highly influenced by the sun.
8. Temperature is an ___________

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C. Match the following food chain by matching the organisms
in correct order.

D. Write answers to the following questions in your notebooks.

1. Briefly describe that plants are important for all the living things.
Ans: Plants are really important for all living things. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and
release oxygen from their leaves, which humans and other animals need to breathe.
Living things need plants to live - they eat them and live in them. Plants create
habitats for many organisms. A single tree may provide food and shelter to many
species of insects, worms, small mammals, birds, and reptiles. Plants maintain the
atmosphere. The basic food for all organisms is produced by green plants.

2. Describe three types of living organisms in an environment.

Ans: There are three types of living organisms in an environment based on how they
obtain energy, namely producers (plants) , consumers( animals and humans) and
decomposers (bacteria and fungi).

3. Give an example of dependency of organisms upon each other.

Ans: Living organisms depend on each other and on their environments, or habitats,
to meet their needs for survival. A food chain is an example to show dependency of
organisms upon each other.
Besides food chains, shelter, nutrients and cover are all examples of
interdependence in nature as well. In the temperature forest, birds rely on trees to
create nests for their eggs. Snakes rely on the leaves and ground coloration to
camouflage themselves from both predator and prey.

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4. Describe predation with the help of examples.
Ans: Predation is the relation between predator and prey. It is the ecological process
in which an animal (or an organism) kills and feeds on another animal (or an
organism). The animal that kills another animal to feed on is called a “predator“, and
the animal that is killed is called the "prey". Examples are wolves hunting a deer or a
moose, an owl hunting the mice, and the lion hunting various animals.
5. Why water is essential as an abiotic component?
Ans: Water is important to every organism. All living organisms need water. A great
portion of chemical reactions that organisms use take place in water, so without water,
organisms would not be able to metabolize anything. When you can't metabolize, you
die. Plants would wilt and their cells would die. Plants must have water to grow.
Without water, animals and humans become weak and they can die if they do not
rehydrate.

6. List some ways to preserve the ecosystem.

Ans: Following are some of the most common ways to preserve our ecosystem:
1. Replace disposal items with reusable items.
2. The use of paper and plastic should be avoided.
3. Conserve water and electricity.
4. Support environmental friendly practices.
5. Recycle the waste to conserve natural resources.
6. Plant more trees
7. Dispose off domestic and industrial waste properly.

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 3
Unit Human Health
Formative Assessment
1. Write any three symptoms of following diseases.

Hepatitis Tuberculosis Polio

1. Yellow skin and eyes 1. Chronic cough with blood 1. Joints and muscles pain
2. Loss of appetite 2. Chest pain 2. Fatigue
3. Abdominal pain 3. Fever 3. Tiredness and Nausea

Cancer Diabetes
1. Lumps under skin 1. Wounds on skin that heal slowly
2. Trouble in breathing 2. Blurry vision
3. Bleeding 3. Extreme hunger

2. What steps do you follow to keep yourself healthy?

We follow these steps to keep ourselves healthy.
1. We take balanced diet and drink clean water.
2. We do exercise, take rest and sleep well regularly.
3. We maintain cleanliness everywhere.
4. We wash our hands before and after eating.
5. We brush our teeth and hair, clean our ears and trim nails.
6. We bathe regularly and wear clean clothes.

Summative Assessment
A: Choose the correct answer.
1. Which of the following statement is true about fever?
Decrease in body temperature Increase in body temperature
Difficulty in breathing Pain in chest
2. Which one of the following is not a type of infection?
Influenza Hepatitis Diabetes Cough

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3. This disease mostly affects lungs:

hepatitis polio diabetes tuberculosis

4. Carbohydrates are mostly found in:

meat milk water grains

5. Which food group helps us to build strong muscles?

Grains Milk Meat Fruits and vegetables

6. Cheese, butter, ghee and yogurt are the part of this group:

grains fruits meat milk

B. Fill in the blanks.

fever
1. The symptoms of ______________ are increase in body temperature, headache,

loss of appetite, weakness and shivering.

microscope
2. Microbes can be seen through a ______________.

liver
3. Hepatitis commonly refers to an inflammatory condition of ______________.

energy
4. Glucose is the main source of ______________ of your body.

nutrients are plants and animals.

5. Two major sources of ______________

meat
6. We get proteins from the ______________ of different animals like cow, goat,

sheep, hen and fish etc.

C. Write ‘T’ for true statements and ‘F’ for false ones.
1. A clinical thermometer is used to measure human body
temperature. T
__________
2. Sore throat and dry cough are symptoms of hepatitis. F
__________
3. Polio is caused by a virus. T
__________

4. Milk is the main source of calcium. T

__________

5. Filtration makes the clean water dirty. F

__________

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D. Answer the following question.
1. Why bacteria and virus are harmful for us?
Ans: Bacteria and viruses are harmful for us because when these germs enter our
body and reproduce, they can cause infection and make us sick. We can suffer from
fever, coughing and influenza.

2. What is the differences between contagious and non-contagious diseases?

Ans: Differences between contagious and non-contagious diseases

Contagious Non-contagious
Infectious diseases Non-infectious diseases
Transferred from an infected person Do not transferred from an infected
to a healthy person person
Spread through air, water, etc, Do not spread
Caused by pathogens Do not caused by pathogens

3. How do you diagnose a person affected by the polio virus?

Ans: We can recognize polio by symptoms, such as neck and back stiffness,
abnormal reflexes, and difficulty swallowing and breathing. In this disease patient
gets disabled. To confirm the diagnosis, a sample of throat secretions, stool or a
colorless fluid that surrounds your brain and spinal cord is checked for polio virus.
4. Write any three methods of preventing contagious diseases.
Ans: 1. Vaccination
2. Wear mask in public
3. Wash your hands and use sanitizers
5. Write about two processes to make water clean?
Ans: Process 1: Filtration: -
Filtration is a process that removes pollutant particles from the water. In this
process, water is poured through a piece of cloth which removes some of the dirt and
solids leaving clean water.
Process 2: Boiling: -
By boiling, dirty water can be made fit for drinking purpose. During this process,
many harmful bacteria and viruses are killed which would be safe for use.

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 4
Unit
Matter and Its Characteristics
Activity
Touch your chair, book, sponge and pencil and write ‘yes’ or ‘no’ in the given table.
How does it feel? Soft or hard. Can you change the shape of it or compress it?
Cannot be Can be Can Change Cannot
Object Soft Hard
compressed compressed shape change shape
chair No Yes No No
sponge Yes No No No
book No Yes No No

Formative Assessment
1. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements.
1. Only non-living things are matter. F
________
2. Two states of matter you can see and touch are solid and liquid. T
________
3. All the matter has mass and occupies space. T
________
4. Solid flows and does not have fixed volume. F
________
5. Liquids can change shape depending on their container in which T
________
they are kept.
6. You cannot see most gases. T
________
7. Water is the only substance which is found in all the three states in T
________
this world.

Summative Assessment
A: Choose the correct answer.
1. The solid objects have fixed:

colour conductivity volume and shape none of these

2. It has fixed volume but not fixed shape:

solid liquid gas metal

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3. In which state of matter particles are far separated from one another and move
freely?

Solid Liquid Gas All are correct

4. Changing of water into vapours is known as:

condensation evaporation melting freezing

5. Which one of the following objects allow electricity to pass through it?

Wood Glass Cardboard Steel

B: Fill in the blanks.

tightly/ closed together.
1. Particles in solid objects are packed ______________

2. If we cool down steam or water vapour it changes back into liquid water. This is

condensation
called ______________.

solids
3. Liquids have more space than ______________ in between their particles.

atoms
4. All matter is made up of tiny particles called ______________.

hard
5. Iron is very ______________ metal.

conductors of heat and electricity.

6. Some objects are good ______________

C: Write down answers to the following questions in your notebook.

1. Write about three states of matter with examples.
Ans: Matter can exist in different forms depending on the type and arrangement of
particles. We call these forms ‘States of Matter’ . The three states of matter are Solids
(e.g. chair, book, hammer, stone), Liquids (e.g. water, honey, milk) and Gases (e.g.
air, steam, smoke).
2. Describe the arrangement of particles in three states of matter.
Ans: Particles in solid objects are arranged in a definite manner. That’s why solids
have fixed shape and volume. Particles in liquids are close together with no regular
arrangement. So liquids have a fixed volume but they do not have fixed shape. They
flow and take the shape of containers into which they are poured. Particles in gases
are well apart from each other. So gases do not have definite shape or volume. We
cannot see gases but can feel them.
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3. Describe that water is found in all three states of matter.
Ans: Water is the only common substance that is naturally found as a solid, liquid or
gas. It can change from one state to another if it is heated or cooled. For example,
water is a liquid at room temperature. It becomes solid (ice) if it is kept in a freezer.
The same water turns into gas (water vapours) if it is heated up. So we can change
water into a solid, liquid or gas by changing its temperature.
4. What is the difference between conductor and an insulator? Explain with
examples from daily life.
Ans: The materials or substances that resist or don't allow the current to pass
through them are insulators. Conductors are the materials or substances which allow
electricity to flow through them. They conduct electricity because they allow electrons
to flow easily inside them from atom to atom.
Examples:
Metals like silver, copper, iron, gold and wet wood are conductors. Cotton, dry wood,
rubber, glass are insulators. They cannot be charged by rubbing.
Difference Between Conductors and Insulators.
A conductor allows current to flow easily through it while an Insulator doesn't allow
current to flow through it.
Project
Classify the following materials (wood, red syrup, saw dust, stone, balloon, plasticine,
aluminum foil, cotton, oil) into solid, liquid and gas and write the reason of their
classification.
Object Type Reason
wood solid It has a fixed shape and volume.
It cannot be compressed.
red syrup liquid It flows, keeps no shape itself but takes the
shape of its container.
saw dust solid It has mass and it occupies space.
stone
air in balloon
plasticine
aluminum foil
cotton
kerosene oil

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 5
Unit
Forms of Energy
and Energy Transfer
Formative Assessment
a. Match each term with its description.
solar energy generates electricity by moving air
hydropower energy cooks our food
windmills coal, oil and gas
photosynthesis energy from the Sun
heat food making process in plants
fossil fuels falling water

b. Describe the transformation of energy when you turn on a

fan.
Ans: When we turn the fan on after it has been plugged into the outlet, the electrical
energy is converted into kinetic energy by means of an electric motor. A motor works
when an electric current passes through a wire in a magnetic field. The wire changes,
and some of the electric energy is turned into kinetic energy. The fan’s blades move
air around the room. The kinetic energy of the moving blades does work in moving air
through the fan blades and it converts some electric energy into heat.

Summative Assessment
A: Choose the correct answer.
1. Which one of the following is not an energy source?
Sun Wind Earth Oil
2. Turbines are used to produce:
Electricity Wind Dams Windmills
3. The speed of light is:
300,000 kilometre per second 300,000 miles per second
300,000 kilometre per hour 300,000 miles per hour

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4. The meaning of fossil fuel is:
oil, coal and gas dead plants
rocks and soil dead animals
5. Objects that do not allow light to pass through are called:
air water opaque glass
6. How many colours are there in a rainbow?
six seven eight nine
7. The freezing point of water is:
0 0 0 0
0 C 0 F 100 C 100 F
8. Which one of the following is not a part of closed circuit?
Switch Plier Bulb Wire
9. The electricity that flows through the wire is called:
circuit open circuit closed circuit current
10. Which one of the following has positive (+) and negative (-) ends?
Wires Bulbs Battery cell Switch

B: Fill in the blanks.

electrical energy.
1. Sun energy can be converted into ____________

forestation should be encouraged.

2. Deforestation should be avoided and ___________

opaque
3. Shadows are formed only by ____________ objects.

4. Smooth, shiny surfaces such as mirrors and polished metals reflect

______________
light well.

seven colors
5. A rainbow is an arc of ______________.

vibrating
6. Sound is a form of energy produced by the ______________ objects.

original sound.
7. The echo sound is the same as the ____________

longer
8. If the light source is closer to the object, the shadow will be _______________.

temperature of an object tells us how hot or cold it is.

9. The ______________

circuit
10. Electricity travels only through a _____________ that is complete.

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C: Give short answers to the following questions.
1. Define and list different sources of energy.
Ans: Some common energy sources are Sun, wind, water, coal, oil and gas.
1. Sun energy:
Sun is the ultimate source for all the energy sources that we use today. Sun energy
can be converted into electrical energy.
2. Water energy:
The energy of flowing water is used to generate electricity. This energy is known as
hydropower energy.
3. Wind energy:
Moving air has energy. It is used to generate electric power. Wind turns the blades of
a windmill , it spins the turbine attached to a generator to produce electricity.

2. Describe the uses of fossil fuels.

Ans: Fossil fuels are coal, oil and gas. These sources are used as primary sources
of energy. They are used in cooking and heating our homes, as fuel in our vehicles,
and in various industries like medicines, plastics, cosmetics, shoes and other
accessories etc.
3. How can you use energy in another form? Give examples.
Ans: We can use energy in many different forms because energy exists in different
forms. Examples of these are: light energy, heat energy, mechanical energy,
gravitational energy, electrical energy, sound energy, chemical energy, nuclear or
atomic energy and so on. Each form can be converted or changed into the other
forms. For example: Solar energy can be used to produce electricity.
4. Why is it important to conserve the energy?
Ans: It is important to conserve energy because saving energy usually reduces living
expenses. When the public consumes less fuel or electricity, decreasing demand
causes prices to drop. Additionally, most equipment lasts longer if people use it less
frequently. This reduces spending on car, computer, air conditioner and kitchen
appliances' repairs.

5. What is the difference between heat and temperature?

Ans: Heat is a form of energy that can transfer from a hot body to a cold body. It tells
us about an object that is hot or cold. Temperature is the degree of hotness and
coldness of a body. It tells us that how much hot or cold that object is. Temperature is
the average K.E of molecules in a substance. Heat flows from hot body to cold body.

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6. Why is the size of the shadows different during the day?
Ans: Since the sun’s position in the sky during the course of the day changes due to
the rotation of Earth on its axis, the sizes of outdoor shadows also change during the
day. Shadows can change in length, shape, and position. It depends on where the
light is coming from. Shadows change length throughout the day and look different
because the angle at which the sun shines on stationary objects changes.

7. How does a rainbow form?

Ans: A rainbow is formed when the sunlight hits the raindrop and is divided into
seven colors. The raindrop splits the white sunrays into colors when the light enters a
droplet.

8. Write the name of colours in rainbow?

Ans: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet.

9. Define sound and echo?

Ans: Sound is a form of energy produced by the vibrating objects and spreads in all
directions. An echo is a sound that is repeated after an original sound. Echo is the
same as original sound. It is produced when sound waves are reflected back after
hitting hard surfaces.

10. Why current cannot flow through an open circuit?

Ans: The current does not flow through an incomplete path while an open circuit has
a gap or broken wire which makes it incomplete, so the current can’t flow through it.

Activity
To prove that heat transfers from a hotter object to a cooler object, you need the
following:

Procedure:
1. Setup:
Give every group of 3-4 students an iron nail tied with a thread, a cup of hot water and
some other things made of steel or metal. Leave them on the desk without
anyone touching them.

2. Consider and share your thoughts:

a. Instruct students to touch the surface of the objects before putting them or

21
the nail in hot water, with just one fingertip briefly (a split second touch). Let them
observe what happens and share their thoughts. Use the questions below to
encourage students’ thinking. Students will understand and conceptualize how
heat energy flows from place to place.
1. Which surface feels warmer? Which surface feels colder?
2. Is the surface that feels colder actually colder?
3. Why does the metal surface feel colder?
b. Instruct students to touch the steel nail for longer periods of time to see what
happens. Instead of the brief split-second of touch, try touching it with your
fingertip for 10 or 20 seconds. Or take the nail in your whole hand. What happens
now?
c. Now have students place their steel/iron nails in the hot water. Let them do the
activity as written in the book. What happens now? You can repeat this activity by
changing the material to be placed in hot water.

Students will understand how various factors affect heat transfer, including
temperature differentials, duration of contact, surface area, and type of material. They
will understand how to visualize and explore heat transfer of heat.

3. Evaluation:
There are several ways to evaluate learning from this lesson. Ask students to
write their conclusions. Look at students’ answers to explore their thinking. Ask them
to explain what they wrote. If needed, explore misconceptions by asking guiding
questions to push their thinking toward accuracy. Another way to evaluate learning is
to have students free-write about conduction, describing how heat energy flows
between two objects.

4. Modifications:
Adjust the vocabulary and assessment to match grade level and content area in
their answers.

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 6
Unit
Forces and Motion
Activity
Design a rubber band wheel car and try it on different surfaces. Use talcum powder
on the same surfaces to demonstrate the effect of friction.

Material:
• Craft Popsicle sticks: 2 • Rubber bands: 5-6
• Plastic bottle caps: 4 • Wooden skewers: 1-2
• Straws: 1-2 • UHU glue: 1 small tube
• Scissors • Talcum powder
• An iron nail (to make holes in the bottle caps)

Method:
1. Make holes in the centre of the plastic bottle caps using the iron nail carefully.
2. Place two popsicle sticks side by side at equal distance vertically on a surface to
make the frame or body of your car.
3. Cut a one-inch piece of a straw and two half-inch pieces of it.
4. Glue the longer piece (one-inch) on the popsicle sticks horizontally at one side
and the two smaller pieces on the opposite side on a parallel distance.
5. Cut the wooden skewer 1 inch longer according to the gap between the popsicles
to make axles.
6. Insert one end of skewer in a bottle cap and then insert it in the pieces of straw to
make wheels of your car. Fix the second bottle cap on the other end of skewer
and secure both ends with the glue. Repeat the process to make the other side
of car wheels. Your axles and wheels are ready.
7. Cut a small piece of skewer (about half an inch), apply glue on it and fix it on the
centre of one axle. Roll two rubber bands on each wheel of the same axle where
the skewer is attached in the middle of the wheels.
8. Attach or tie the rubber band to the front structure support or the front axle.
9. Once attached, place the opposite side on the rear axle piece of skewer and
slowly wind up the tires to test it out.
10. Your car is ready. Have fun and learn more about force and friction. Test its speed
on different surfaces after sprinkling some talcum powder on the surfaces.

23
 Formative Assessment
We have learnt that forces are all around us. Forces allow us to walk, run, move and
others everyday activities. Below is a list of activities, just identify the force as push,
pull, friction or gravity. Briefly describe in the given description column.

Activity Force Description

Jumping of The diver jumps off, goes up in the air and falls down
gravity
diving board into the swimming pool because of the force of gravity.

Shooting of Shooting When shooting a basketball, you apply an upward

of force to the ball and gravity brings the ball back down.
basketball
basketball
To open a drink can, we move the tab on it towards
Opening a
pull ourselves. It comes off and the lid opens due to the
can of drink pull force on tab.
While brushing our hair, we take the brush into our
Brushing your hair and move it in the hair from top to bottom in a
pull
hair downward and outward movement. This makes our
hair pull due to the pull force.
friction The skidding is coming from the friction of the wheels
Bike skidding
and touching the road. The force that is acting on the bike
on the road is gravity.
gravity
When we suck on the straw to drink something, the
Drinking with
pull liquid comes up into our mouth through it due to the
a straw force we apply while drinking which is the pull force.
Car stopping Mud is soft and slippery, which reduces the speed and
in a muddy friction makes the car wheels tough to move. The car stops
way due to friction.
pull but in When we apply force to open the door and it moves
Opening a some towards us, the force applied is pull force and when it
door cases moves away from us and opens, the force applied is
push too the push force.

Sliding down When a person slides down a slide, friction is in

friction &
action. He comes down towards the ground while
a slide gravity
sliding due to the force of gravity.
Removing a The claw on the back of hammer is used as lever
nail from pull when extracting a nail. It can also be removed using
the wall pliers. In both cases the force we apply is pull force.
24
Activity Object

Make simple levers to lift objects (such as books) in the classroom. Log

Material:
Center the ruler over the pencil, and set a small object or weight (this is called
the ‘load’) on one end of the ruler. When you push on the opposite end of the ruler (the
force you exert is called the ‘effort’), the weight is lifted.

Summative Assessment
A: Choose the correct answer.
1. This is required to move an object:
motion friction gravity force
2. Which one of the following forces pull objects to the Earth?
friction gravity motion all
3. When something changes its position, it is known as:
gravity force friction motion
4. Which of the simple machines has fulcrum?
gears ramp lever pulley
5. To push backward, we need:
pull push friction gravity
6. Which simple machine is the best choice to if you need to lift a piano to a
third-floor window?
lever ramp pulley gears
7. Groove is a part of:
pulley lever gears ramp
B: Fill in the blanks.
push
1. Force is a term that describes _____________ and pull.
2. The things that are not changing their position or not moving are at ____________.
rest
3. Friction is lesser between ______________
smooth surfaces and greater in rough surfaces.
tools
4. Since the ancient times, humans have developed ______________ to make work
easier.
two
5. Simple machines are tools which have one or _____________ moving parts.
fulcrum
6. A lever is a bar that rests on a turning point called ____________.
loads
7. Pulleys move ______________ up and down.
25
 gears
8. Some examples of the use of ______________ include are mechanical clocks, car
gearbox and drive systems, electric drills.
inclined plane the more effort it takes to move
9. The steeper the slope of the ________________,
the load up the slope.
C: A pulley and a lever are shown below.

Which statement best describes the relationship between the pulley and the
lever?
1. The pulley is similar to the lever because it has a fulcrum between the load and
force.
2. The pulley is similar to the lever because it has a force between a fulcrum and load.
3. The pulley is similar to the lever because it has load between a fulcrum and a force.
4. There are no similarities between the pulley and lever.

Ans: The pulley is similar to the lever because it has a fulcrum between the load and
force.
D: Write answers to the following questions in your
notebook.
1. Give some examples of push and pull from the daily life.
Ans: Examples of push and pull from daily life: -
1. Inserting a thumb pin or common pin into a soft board to stick items
2. Opening and closing a door
3. Pushing a car
4. Pulling a cart
5. Inserting and removing a plug
6. Water dispensers
7. Pulling curtains and blinds
8. Pushing furniture
9. Typing
10. Walking
11. Playing Football
12. Dragging a suitcase
26
2. Explain that the force of gravity pulls everything towards the ground.
Ans: Gravity is a force which tries to pull two objects toward each other. Anything
which has mass also has a gravitational pull. On Earth all bodies have a weight, or
downward force of gravity, proportional to their mass. The more massive an object is,
the stronger its gravitational pull is. Earth's gravity is what keeps us on the ground and
what causes objects to fall. For example, when we throw a ball up in the air, it covers
a distance and comes down to the ground. It comes down because of the force of
gravity.

3. What is friction? Give some examples.

Ans: Friction is the force generated by two surfaces that contact and slide against
each other. These forces are mainly affected by the surface texture and quantity of
force requiring them together. The angle and position of the object affects the volume
of frictional force. It is the opposing force that is created between two surfaces that try
to move in the same direction or that try to move in opposite directions. The main
purpose of friction is to create resistance to the motion of moving things or to slow
down the movement of moving things. Some examples of friction are given below.
1. Driving of a vehicle on a surface
2. Applying brakes to stop a moving vehicle
3. Skating
4. Walking on the road
5. Writing on notebook/ blackboard/ whiteboard
6. Flying of airplanes
7. Drilling a nail into wall
8. Sliding on a garden slide
9. Lighting a matchstick

4. How can you differentiate between motion and rest?

Ans: Anything or object that is changing its position and moving in some direction
with respect to its surroundings with time is said to be in motion. For example:
running, cycling, jumping, swimming, eating, drinking, playing, writing, typing, moving
cars, throwing ball etc. Anything or object that is not changing its position and not
moving in some direction with respect to its surroundings with time is said to be at
rest. For example: a stopped clock, bottle kept on a table, a stopped car in the parking
area, sitting, standing etc.

27
5. How simple machines helps us? Give examples from daily life.
Ans: Simple machines make tasks simpler and easier by reducing the amount of
effort it takes for humans to perform certain tasks. Levers, pulleys, and inclines all
have one thing in common: they reduce the amount of energy it takes for human to
move or lift objects. Simple machines are everywhere and we use them everyday.
They’re so much a part of our lives that we don’t always recognize them. Here is a list
of some everyday examples of simple machines.
1. Pulley: Window Blinds, Garage Doors, Flag Poles, curtains (with string to open
and close) etc.
2. Lever: See Saw, balance scale, bottle opener, claw end of hammer, door,
handheld juicer etc.
3. Inclined Plane: Wheel Chair Ramp, Skateboard Ramp, Slides, ladder, sidewalk
curb ramp, slanted roof, stairs etc.
6. Make a list of simple machines that you see at home.
Ans: Here is a list of some everyday examples of simple machines.
1. ???????

7. Can you write on your notebook, if there is no friction?

Ans: No, we cannot write on the notebook if there is no friction because when we
write, the pen exerts friction force in the direction of it's motion on the notebook and
the notebook exerts a friction force on the pen in the opposite direction of the pen's
motion to let us write. Without friction it would not be possible for us to write on it.

Think and discuss: What types of simple machine you see in bicycle?

Ans: A bicycle is a compound machine that uses a variety of simple machines. Brake
handles on a bicycle are levers. A screw connects the handlebars with the front wheel
for steering. The wheels, pedals, and gears are all separate wheel and axle systems.
The chain of bicycle is the example of pulley.

28
 7
Unit
Earth and its Resources
Summative Assessment
A: Choose the correct answer:
1. Which one of the following is not a natural resource?

forest animals water buildings

2. The energy which we get from the Sun is called:

solar water wind chemical

3. The movement of air near Earth’s surface is called:

thunder storm wind evaporation

4. Aquatic animals live in the:

desert water forest mountain

5. ________ of Earth contains water:

82% 64% 71% 60%

B: Fill in the blanks.

man
1. Natural resources are not made by _____________.
2. Water is a basic ____________
necessity for life.
3. 20.9% of air is ______________.
Oxygen
4. Human being is a part of ______________________.
natural environment
fertilizers
5. Farmers use chemical _____________ to increase replenish soil fertility.
C: Tick the correct statement and cross the false one.
1. Natural resources are made by man.

2. Water is a basic necessity of life.

3. Most of our Earth is made up of water.

4. Sunlight is caused by changing of temperature.

5. Soil is mixture of minerals, air, organic matter and fossils.

29
D: Give short answers to the following question.
1. What are natural resources? Name any three.
Ans: Resources which come from natural environment and are used by people are
called natural resources. For example: water, sunlight, minerals and crude oil etc.

2. What is solar energy?

Ans: The energy that we get from the Sun is called solar energy.

3. How does a plant help the environment to keep pollution free?

Ans: Plants release oxygen into the atmosphere and absorb carbon dioxide. This
carbon dioxide gas is harmful for our health and the plants remove this harmful gas
for our survival and to clean the environment. They also provide habitat and food for
wildlife and humans, and regulate the water cycle.

4. What are minerals?

Ans: Minerals are substances that are formed naturally in the Earth. Rocks are made
of minerals. Minerals are usually solid, inorganic, have a crystal structure, and form
naturally by geological processes.

5. What are fossils?

Ans: Fossils are the remains or traces of plants and animals that lived long ago.
Fossils give scientists clues about the past. Examples are bones, shells etc.
6. Write any five natural and man-made resources in the table given below.

Ans: Man-made Resources Natural Resources

1. Solar panels 1. Water
2. Electricity 2. Sunlight
3. Plastic 3. Air
4. Paper 4. Soil / wood
5. Sheet metal / Rubber etc. 5. Minerals ( i.e. gild, crude oil etc. )
Fact File
2. Which mineral is used to make railway tracks?

Ans: Ask this question from students to let them think and discuss about this. Let
them think and discuss with you as well as sharing their ideas with each other. After
discussion tell them that railway tracks/lines are made of high quality steel. Steel itself
is not a mineral but it is extracted from minerals like iron ore. Tell them that a
nonrenewable resource cannot be naturally replaced. Typically, nonrenewable
resources are found in the ground, such as rocks, fossil fuels and minerals. Once they
are depleted, they are gone forever. Steel is made from these fossil fuels and
30
minerals. Steel is made from iron ore, a compound of iron, oxygen and other minerals
that occurs in nature. So Steel is not a mineral because it is an alloy produced by
people. Unlike some other uses of iron and steel, railway rails are subject to very high
stresses and are made of very high quality steel. It took many decades to improve the
quality of the materials, including the change from iron to steel because steel
prevents the track to be rusted. While crushed rocks or stones called ‘Ballast’ are also
used in railway tracks that is produced from natural deposits of granite, trap rock,
quartzite, dolomite or limestone. Their purpose is to hold the wooden cross ties in
place, which in turn hold the rails in place. They are also used to build up a foundation
to raise the track high enough so it won't get flooded.

Projects for the Students

1. Use a small bucket.
2. Add soil in the bucket.
3. Use any plant seed and mix it in soil in the bucket.
4. Give water on daily basis.
5. When new plant grows up, tell the children about benefit of soil, water and air in the
growth of seed.

Material:
1. A small flower pot / small bucket / planter 2. Soil
3. Plant seeds (i.e. tomato seeds, peas, sunflower seeds etc.)
4. Pebbles 5. Water 6. Gloves

Method: -
1. Put on your gloves.
2. Place some small pebbles at the bottom of your flower pot for better drainage.
3. Now put half of the soil in the pot.
4. Sow seeds in the soil now.
5. Plant the seeds at the proper depth. (Not very low, nor so high that they are
visible from the top layer of soil.)
6. Put the remaining soil on the top.
7. Give some water to moist the soil.
8. Water wisely when needed and regularly to maintain consistent moisture.
9. Place your pot where there is proper and enough light.
10. Check the progress of growing the seeds to seedlings and then into a plant.

31
 8
Unit
Earth’s Weather and Climate
Formative Assessment
Think about the weather words and sort out them into the proper categories

warm rain temperature snow humidity

cool ice partly cloudy sunny foggy
hail sleet windy cold hot

how the weather feels what’s coming from the sky words that describe the sky
1. warm 2. cool 1. hail 1. foggy
3. sunny 4. cold 2. rain 2. partly cloudy
5. foggy 6. hot 3. ice 3. sunny
7. humid 8. windy 4. sleet
9. temperature 5. snow

Summative Assessment
A: Choose the correct answer:
1. All changes in the atmosphere are caused by:

Earth Moon Sun Wind

2. The condition of the atmosphere at a given place and time is called:

precipitation climate weather season

3. The areas between equator and poles are known as:

temperate zone equatorial zone

south pole polar zone

4. In autumn, the weather is:

cold and windy dry and hot

dry and windy hot and windy

5. Geographically, Earth is divided into _________ climate zones.

2 3 4 5

32
B: Fill in the blanks.
1. Weather is day to day variation of _____________
atmospher condition.
2. The changes in ____________
climate take a longer time to change.

humidity
3. Amount of water vapours present in the air is called ______________.

Earth
4. The upper and the lower part of the _____________ is known as poles.

three
5. Our Earth is divided into _____________ major zones.

C: Answer the following questions.

1. What causes weather changes?
Ans: Weather changes are caused by heat from the Sun and the movement of the
air. Winds bring changes in the weather such as clear and sunny sky or heavy rain.

2. How is climate different from weather?

Ans: Weather refers to short term atmospheric conditions such as temperature, air
pressure, humidity and precipitation while climate is the weather of a specific region
averaged over a long period of time. Weather reflects short-term conditions of the
atmosphere while climate is the average daily weather for an extended period of time
at a certain location. Weather can change from minute-to-minute, hour-to-hour,
day-to-day, and season-to-season. Climate, is the average of weather over time and
space.

3. How many zones of Earth are there? Also write their names.
Ans: Earth is divided into three climate zones. The names of these three zones are
Equatorial zone, temperate zone and polar zone.

4. How many seasons are there? Name them.

Ans: There are four seasons. Summer, Spring, Autumn and Winter.
5. When does summer season and winter start?
Ans: Summer season starts in the month of May and the winter season starts in the
month of October.

6. What kind of climate does Pakistan have?

Ans: Pakistan lies in the temperate zone. Pakistan's climate is dry and hot near the
coast, becoming progressively cooler toward the northeastern uplands. So Pakistan’s
climate is generally arid.

33
Activity
Measure the temperature for a week and observe other weather conditions such as
rain, Sun, cloud, storm and make a weather chart.

Weather Observation Chart

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Moderate Hot/ Avera

Temperature 33°C 24°C Normal Low
/25°C 32°C ge
Bright Bright Behind Behind
Sun and Sunshine Warm Light Dull
Clouds Light
warm Clouds
Passing Scattered Dark Over
Cloud Clear Clouds Clouds Haze Cloudy
Clouds cast
Light Rain Heavy Light Slight Heavy
Rain No rain No rain Shower in Rain
Rain Rain Rain
the evening
Light Winds Strong Strong
Windy Yes No wind in the Gentle Gusts of
Gale Wind Wind Winds
evening
Partly Not Mostly Light A Little Mostly
Yes cloudy Cloudy
cloudy Cloudy Clouds Cloudy Cloudy
Thunder
Stormy No No No Thunder No No Storm
Storm &Lighte
ning

34
 9
Unit
Earth in the Solar System
Formative Assessment
Write the names of the planets accordingly in the empty
boxes.
Earth jupiter Mars Mercury
Neptune Saturn Uranus Venus

Venus Mars Saturn Neptune

the Sun

Mercury Earth Jupiter Uranus

Summative Assessment
A: Choose the correct answer:
1.The closest neighbour to our Earth:

Moon Sun Pluto Jupiter

2. How many planets are there in the solar system?

six seven eight nine

3. The largest planet in the solar system is:

Jupiter Uranus Neptune Venus

35
4. The Moon shines because of:

own light Earth’s light sunlight stars

5. In how many days, the Moon completes one rotation around the Earth?

27 days 28 days 29 days 30 days

6. The movement of the Earth on a fixed path is called:

orbit axis equator hemisphere

7. In how many days, our Earth completes one revolution around the Sun?

360 days 362 days 364 days 365 days

B: Fill in the blanks.

elliptic
1. All the planets revolve around the Sun in _____________ paths called orbits.
bigges
2. Jupiter is the _______________ planet in the solar system.
farthe planet from the Sun.
3. Neptune is the coldest planet because it is the ___________
spins
4. Our Earth also ______________ like a top.
5. Our Earth completes one rotation about its axis in about _____________
24 hours.
6. There is another imaginary line going around the Earth. This line is known as
equat
____________.
cresce
7. The Moon changes from a ______________ to a full Moon and back again to
crescent.
Earth
8. A lunar eclipse happens when the ______________ comes in between the Sun
and the Moon.
Moon
9. In a solar eclipse, the _____________ comes in between the Earth and the Sun.
C. Unscrambles the words to find the names of planets.
E M R C Y U R M
___ E
___ R
___ C
___ U ___
___ R ___
Y
9 5
V S N U E ___
V ___
E ___
N ___
U ___
S
4
H E R TA ___
E ___
A ___
R ___
T ___
H
M A R S ___
M A2
___ ___
R ___
S
1
E J U R P T I ___
J ___
U ___
P ___
I ___
T ___
E ___
R
7
A S R U N T ___
S ___
A ___
T ___
U ___
R ___
N
A S U U N R U6
___ ___
R ___
A ___
N ___
U ___
S
3
N P N E T U E ___
N ___
E ___
P ___
T ___
U ___
N ___
E
8
S O L A R S Y S T E M
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
36
D: Answer the following questions.
1. Write any five facts about the solar system.
Ans: Five facts about solar system are:
1. Solar system is over 4.6 billion years old.
2. Mercury is the closest planet to the sun that is why it is the hottest among the
planets.
3. Mercury is the smallest planet of the solar system.
4. Jupiter is the biggest planet in the solar system.
5. Neptune is the coldest planet because it is the farthest planet from the sun.
2. Why is Pluto declared as a dwarf planet?
Ans: Pluto is declared as a dwarf planet because it is too small to be considered as
a planet.
3. Explain that we have days and nights because of rotation of the Earth.
Ans: The rotation of the earth changes day into night and night into day again. As the
Earth moves around the Sun it rotates on its axis, so we have day and night. The side
of the Earth facing away from the Sun, out towards space, is darker and colder so this
side has night time. The side of the earth facing the sun is bright and warm so this side
has daytime. In simple words the portion of earth which is in front of the sun has its day
while the other side of the earth which is away from the sun remains dark and therefore
has night. Our earth completes one rotation around its axis in about 24 hours.
4. Describe revolution of the Earth.
Ans: In addition to rotating on its axis, the Earth also travels around the sun in a path
called an orbit. The movement of Earth around the sun along its orbit is called a
revolution. The amount of time it takes for a single trip around the sun is called a period
of revolution. The earth completes one revolution around the sun in about 365 days.
5. How do we have seasons?
Ans: Over the course of a year, the Earth goes on a journey around the Sun. The
reason we have seasons is because, during its journey around the Sun, the Earth is
tilted. The Earth's tilt affects the amount of daylight each hemisphere gets, which in
turn makes the temperature hotter or colder. So we can say that the Earth's tilted axis
causes the seasons. Throughout the year, different parts of Earth receive the Sun's
most direct rays. When the North Pole tilts toward the Sun, it's summer in the
Northern Hemisphere. And when the South Pole tilts toward the Sun, it's winter in the
Northern Hemisphere.
6. Compare the formation of shadows with Earth’s rotation.
Ans: As the Earth rotates in and out of daylight, an object's shadow changes in length
and direction over the course of a day. From Earth's surface, the Sun appears to
37
move across the sky from east to west. Shadows get longer again and rotate eastward
until the Sun drops below the horizon at sunset. Shadows are formed when an object
blocks light. We can say that A shadow is the absence of light. The Earth's rotation
causes the shadows to change throughout the day. As Earth rotates, the Sun's appears
higher in the sky, and the shadows get shorter. At noon, with the Sun overhead, objects
cast short shadows or no shadow at all. As Earth continues to rotate and the Sun
appears lower in the sky toward evening, the shadows get longer again.

Activity
Illustrate and explain how solar and lunar eclipses occur.
Explanation:
When the Moon passes between Sun and Earth, the lunar shadow is seen as a
solar eclipse on Earth. When Earth passes directly between Sun and Moon, its
shadow creates a lunar eclipse. A solar eclipse happens when the moon passes in
between the earth and the sun. A lunar eclipse happens when the earth passes in
between the moon and the sun. During a solar eclipse, the moon partially or fully
hides the sun's rays for a few minutes. A solar eclipse happens on a new moon day.

Projects for the Students

Using clay or plasticine prepare models of Solar system and Phases of the Moon.
Study the given web link and prepare working model of solar system and related
concepts. https://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=ASQ kz4XaphU
Material:
1. Clay (or play dough) 2. Chart paper (black or white)
3. Paint colors 4. Pencil
5. Black Marker (to label the planets etc.)
Method:
Step 1: Take a big black (or white) sheet of chart paper and draw a basic outline of
the solar system. Roughly mark the positions and sizes of the sun and the planets on
this sheet.
Step 2: Now, make flat circular pieces of different sizes for the sun and the planets
with play dough or clay. You can also make them spherical in shape and place them
on the sheet.
Step 3: Paint or color them to depict the sun and the planets in accordance with their
properties. For example, red for Mars, yellow for the sun, green and blue for the earth,
white for Venus etc.
Step 4: Paste the colored pieces or balls on the chart paper to make your solar
system. Label the planets and the sun and your solar system is ready.
38
Project 2: Phases of Moon
Material:
1. Modeling clay – enough for each student to make 6 balls about the size of a large
marble (¾-inch each).
2. Plastic knife/ cookie cutter/ bangle or jar lid
3. Flattener – this can be a water glass, jar lid, any flat and rigid object can be used
to flatten balls of clay into neat disks.
4. Wax paper
5. Chart paper and pencils or markers
Method:
1. First, make a diagram of phases of the moon using lead pencil on the chart
paper. Then divide the clay and make six balls of roughly equal size. Exact size
is not important here, as long as they are roughly the same.
2. Place the first ball on wax paper, flip the other part of wax paper over the ball
and use the flattener to press it into a disk. This first disk will be the full Moon.
Remove it carefully from the wax paper and place it at the top of the chart paper
as shown in the picture.
3. Repeat the process with another ball of clay and make a second disk. You may
use a circular cookie cutter or a jar lid to make all the disks identical.
4. Now use the plastic knife to create a gibbous shape by trimming away the clay.
Proceeding counter-clockwise around the diagram, place the waning gibbous
shape on the diagram in the next spot to the left of the full moon shape. Create
a second identical gibbous shape and fill in the waxing gibbous position on your
diagram. When placed correctly, the gibbous shapes should be on the right and
left of the full moon shape.
Note that the cut begins at the north pole and ends at the 6 o’clock position
(south pole). This will produce the most accurate phase diagrams!
5. For the next step, make a new clay disk and cut it in half; this will create both
the waning and waxing quarter phases. These are then placed on the diagram.
6. Next, create the crescent phases. Place them too on the diagram.
7. Finally, color in a dark circle on your diagram to represent the new moon phase.
If you’ve used a cookie cutter for making every phase the same size, you can
now use it as a stencil to make a dark circle. Otherwise, just trace a circle from
a sports-drink bottle top and you’ve got it. Take a marker or pencil and carefully
label each phase with its correct name, add some arrows to show the direction
in which the diagram runs and our scientifically accurate model Of the lunar
phases is now complete!

39
 10
Unit
Technology in Everyday Life
Summative Assessment
A: Choose the correct answer:
1. Which one of the following is not a mobile feature?

Calculator Thermal strip Alarm Clock calendar

2. We use a thermometer for:

cutting paper measuring blood pressure

making models measuring temperature

3. What is selfie?

Measuring blood pressure Cutting cardboard

Measuring temperature Taking own picture with mobile

4. Which one of the following is not a part of first aid box?

Swabs Creams Cylinder Scissors

5. The normal reading of blood pressure is:

98.60 C 370 C 120/80 120x80

B: Fill in the blanks.

1. Some crafts have been practised for centuries such as _____________.
pottery
handles
2. You can use ribbon, rope or string to make ______________ of your bag.

clay
3. You can make many shapes and models with the help of _____________.

alarm
4. The clock of mobile can work as an ______________ clock.

injured person.
5. First aid is emergency care given immediately to an ___________

wounds or scratches
6. Swabs are medicated cotton that is used to clean _____________

before bandage.

low
7. Blood pressure can be high or _______________.
40
C. Write short answers to these questions in your notebook.
1. What is the use of crease before cutting a paper or cardboard?
Ans: Creases help us make bends in cardboard or paper to make the cutting easy
even if we want to cut without scissors.

2. How do you tear a paper without using scissors or cutter?

Ans: We can easily cut the paper nice and straight without using scissors or cutter by
simply folding the paper back and forth repeatedly and cutting it with only our
fingertips.

3. How do you prepare playdough to make models?

Ans: We can prepare it by following this method.
1. Combine flour, salt, and tartar in a mixing bowl.
2. Add vegetable oil and boiling water carefully in the supervision of adults.
3. Add food colors in the dough if you want to have different colored dough other
than white.
4. Store your finished modeling dough in an airtight plastic bag or container.

4. What is first aid?

Ans: First aid means the immediate treatment of an individual that is injured or ill.
First aid is not a full medical treatment, but something that can be done to stabilize a
person so they can be moved to a hospital for regular medical treatment, or to
preserve life while waiting for medical professionals. The purpose of first aid is to
minimize injury and future disability.

5. Why is it necessary to get the training of first aid?

Ans: It is essential to get the training of first aid because of the following reasons: It
enables the person to use appropriate precautionary methods to save lives during an
emergency. It enables the person to give primary help and medications to victims
before actual medication. It is also necessary to get first aid training because it :
Increases safety
Helps save lives
Helps relieve pain
Makes people more secure
Prevents the situation from becoming worse

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6. Make a list of items you found in the first aid box?
Ans: 1. First Aid Handbook
2. Two Pairs of Sterile Gloves
3. Sanitizing Agent
4. Adhesive Tape and Gauze
5. Antibiotic cream and Ointment
6. Adhesive Bandages and Swabs
7. Scissors and Tweezers
8. Elastic Wraps
9. Pain Relievers
10. Instant Cold Packs
11. Thermometer
12. Emergency Phone Numbers
D. Give at least two examples of the following from your daily
life.
sphere 1. Football 2. Cricket ball
3. Ball of yarn 4. Oranges
5. Apples/Onions etc.
cube 1. Floor cushions 2. Dice
3. A slice of cheese 4. Ice cubes (square) etc.
cuboid 1. Mobile phone 2. Tissue box
3. Door 4. Book
5. Air conditioner/Inverter 6. Bricks
7. Mattresses etc.

prism and cone 1. Birthday caps 2. Corneto ice cream

3. Lamp shades 4. Piping bag
5. Carrot/Radish etc.

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