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08 - Navi Mumbai
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TWIN CITY-NAVI MUMBAI Issue #
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To reduce the growth of population in
Navi Mumbai (New Bombay), India, Mumbai city by creating an attractive
established in 1972, is a new planned city THE PURPOSE OF TWIN CITY urban centre which will –
across the harbor (of Bombay) from ! Absorb the immigrants who will
The idea on which the proposal of the
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Bombay. otherwise go to Mumbai
'Twin City' was hinged, was that of the
! Attract some of Mumbai’s present
State Government moving to New
This planned decentralization was the population so that overall population
Bombay.
outcome of efforts by the government of Greater Mumbai can be contained
to make Bombay more “sustainable” The Government offices would form the within a manageable limit
(Bombay Metropolitan Regional core functions and symbollically signal a ! To support the state-wide industrial
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Planning Board, 1973). The geographical
area of Bombay is an island. The first
clear purpose of the new city for the location policy which will eventually
lead to an efficient and rational
state of Maharashtra.
settlement was established in the distribution of industries over the
southern most tip of the island. Also it would pull private business at its state and a balanced development of
wake.The intention was to get the 'twin urban centres in the hinterland
Urbanization and subsequent city' going as also to make people ! To provide physical and social
suburbanization of Bombay have commute on an east west axis. services, raising the living standards
created a linear city such that the central and reducing the disparities in the
business district (CBD) and residential The fact that the State Government
amenities available to the different
areas have become further and further never did move to New Bombay,
sections of the population
apart. deprived the 'twin city' of its core
! To provide an environment which
Bombay’s high concentration of docks, function - the catalyst that would have
would permit the citizens of Navi
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trading posts, textile mills and made self- sufficient growth happen
Mumbai to live fuller and richer lives
government offices have made it the for the new city.
in so far this is possible, free from the
preeminent port of Western India. physical and social tensions which
are commonly associated with urban
Navi Mumbai was designed to provide a living.
better quality of life, especially to the
middle and lower class of people.
' Useful
) Not useful
Mumbai
slum dwellers a better life as well as Mumbai
absorb migration from the countryside
The prominent authors of the ’twin city (Correa, 1985). The regional plan was Navi Mumbai spread over an area of 344 Sq.
concept’ were Charles Correa1, Pravina approved in 1970. The Bombay km., which was interspersed with 95 villages,
Mehta2 and Shirish Patel who presented Municipal Regional Planning Board and 2 municipal towns, which housed
to the government a proposal in 1964 for created the City and Industrial 100,000 people in 1970. It is a series of 14
constructing new growth centers across Development Corporation (CIDCO) in self-contained townships called ‘nodes’; each
Bombay harbor on the mainland (Figure 1970 to implement its ideas. developed at a different point of time and
2.2).
with independent physical and social
infrastructure system, but linked by mass
The implementation occurred through
transport rail system and trunk roads.
’correct’ political and bureaucratic
channels in 1969. This was in the form of This was a strategy adopted to bring
the Bombay Municipal Regional development progressively, as a
Planning Board’s recommendation that consequence, a part of Navi Mumbai is today
a new city be designed within the referred to as ‘developed nodes’ and the
Bombay Metropolitan region to others ‘developing nodes’.
facilitate the decongestion of Bombay
(Correa, 1997). If the new city was too far The characteristics of the developed nodes
away, then this would not be possible are older housing areas, higher property
(BMRPB, 1973). values, better amenities and administration
handed over to the Municipal Corporation
The site that was finally chosen was where property tax is levied. In these nodes,
across the harbor from Bombay island. It change of land and building use is permitted
is a narrow piece of land bounded by the within allowable limits.
Western Ghat mountain ranges on the Fig 8.3.1 Expansion of Bombay
north, south and east, and is a self- Source: Dwivedi and Mehrotra, 1995 .
contained city independent of Bombay
although there is still a visual connection
to Bombay.It was hoped that the
nearness to Bombay would facilitate the
relocation of people from Bombay
(CIDCO, 1973). Correa, Patel and
Mehta designed this regional plan
based on three basic objectives:
8.7 Conclusion
Mumbai described many broad outlines for the development of a city for the common citizen. The design principles described in the
Draft Development Plan were based on the philosophical reasoning of Mahatma Gandhi and the functionalistic approach of
Modernism. Many attributes of these two design principles are not necessarily harmonious. While Modernism called for single-use
zoning and a pattern based on socioeconomic characteristics, the Gandhian principles supported cultural heterogeneity and mixed use
zoning.
Social aspects of city planning were given importance with special attention given to considerations of employment opportunities,
housing requirements, utilities, recreation and commercial needs.
Designing, development and implementation of ideas were done in an incremental manner. Periodic socioeconomic and household
surveys were used to determine the status of constructed environment. Problems of design and development were identified, and
improvements made in the next phase of design.
This design also strongly supported the need to use the government’s power and machinery to promote the uniform
distribution of people and prevent ethnic enclaves. A heavy-handed implementation strategy of this objective was done by taking
complete control of the residential allotment. The success of this strategy depended on maintaining this control. This also implies that
the urban social pattern was predetermined.
The research setting under consideration is the result of the hybridization of Indian and Western ideas. Navi Mumbai is a modern,
planned city within the context of a specific historic and cultural setting. Very little analysis has been done on the outcome of CIDCO's
social agenda to ensure diffusion of ethnic groups and the urban social pattern that emerged.
8.8 References
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