N » wa GEOGRAPHY VIVA QUESTIONS 2015-16 .. What is geographical data? It constitutes a set of information giving the spatial spread or distribution including diversity of the phenomenon through time and in relation to other phenomenon. . What are the two sources of data selection/ Direct or indirect and primary and secondary. . What is the difference between primary and secondary data? The data collected by the researcher in the field is called primary data while the data collected from periodical or governmental sources is known as secondary data. What are maps? Maps can be defined as the representative of earth’s surface as a whole or a part of it on a plane with the help of conventional points. . Name the different types of maps according to scale? 4 types of maps according to scale are: (i) Cadastral maps (ii) Topographical maps (iii) Wall maps (iv) Atlas maps . What is the importance of map to a geographer? Maps are a main tool of a geographer which provides vital information to i the geographer, and moreover, we can get first -hand information of that place even without visiting it. . What are the two major elements of data processing/Tabulation and analysis. 8. Whats tabulation? It is one of the most important and ingenious devices to present data in a condensed and readily comprehensible form, It attempts to furnish maximum information in minimum possible space without sacrificing the quality and usefulness of data. 9, Name the 3 important measures of central tendency. Mean, median and mode. 10. Define measures of central tendency. The summaries of values which are representative of various distribution are known as measures of central tendency. 11. What are the measures of deviation? Standard deviations, range, mean deviation and quartile deviation. 12. What are statistical diagrams? The diagrams which represent statistical data are known as statistical diagrams. 13. What precautions will you take while drawing statistical diagrams? a. Writing choice of the diagram is the first consideration because different diagrams are suited for different types of data b. A suitable scale is then selected. c. Itis essential to give heading and legend. d. Diagrams should be neat, accurate and attractive. 14, How do we draw a pie diagram? a. Using the formula, multiply by 3.6. b. Drawa circle of suitable radius.c. Mark the degrees using a protractor. d. Use shading/coloring patterns and complete with a beautiful legend and title. 15.What are the advantages of bar diagrams? It is a simple representation in bars, easy to comprehend and compare with other statistical data. 16.What are flow diagrams? They are diagrams showing means of transportation and flow of men, material, H20, etc.? 17. What are distribution maps? A map showing the aerial distribution of some element of natural or social environment in a particular area. 18. What is meant by choropleth maps? This is a method in which different shades are used to show different densities or intensities of an element. It is generally used to show density of population, cultivated land to total land, ratio of irrigated land to cultivated land. 19.List the advantages of dot method It is used to show absolute figures. It can be used for converting isopleth to choropleth but the latter can’t be converted into the former. 20. Define isopleth. It is a line joining places of equal value. 21. What are the various types of isopleth maps? Isotherm, isobar, isohyet, isohalines.22.What do you understand by interpolation? It is the process of finding the location of certain fixed value between two places of known values. 23. What is the advantage of isopleth map? It is a very effective method of showing distribution and variation. It is ideally suited for showing climatic elements, gradient and transitional belts. 24.List the main components of computers. Hardware and software. 25, How are computers useful to us? ‘A computer is capable of manipulating data by accepting the same, performing arithmetical operations of data and supplying the results of these operations at a faster rate. It can process numbers, words, still pictures, moving pictures and sounds. 26. What are the different types of storage devices? Hard disk, floppy disk, tape, CPU, compact disk (CD), USB, cartridge. 27. Expand RAM and ROM. Random Access Memory Read-Only Memory 28. What is an operating system? Software that controls the execution of computer programs and provides rescheduling, debugging, input-output control, combination, data management and related services. EG: 0S, UNIX, VMS, and Microsoft Windows 29. Expand URL, CAD, GPS, CAM, and CPU. URL: Uniform Resource Locator‘CAD: Computer Aided Design GPS: Global Positioning System CAM: Computer Aided Management CPU: Central Processing Unit 30.What is multimedia? A computer control combination of text, graphics, sounds, photos and other types. 31.What is GPS? \sall weathered radio navigation system developed by the US Military in which individual receives process data beams down from satellites. It provides three dimensional positions on 24 hour basis around the world. 32.What is the importance of PC in cartography? Computers can make beautiful, accurate and attractive maps quickly, easily and ata less cost than the conventional methods. It facilitates reproduction and explanatory data in digital form. 33,What is GIS? Geographical Information System is a powerful set of tools collecting, storing, retrieving at will, transforming tools collecting, storing, retrieving at will, transforming and displacing spatial data from real world. 34.List the 4 important functions of GIS. a, Mapping (Cartography) b. Database Management c. Data Queries d. Spatial modeling 35. Differentiate between natural maps and cultural maps. Natural map shows natural features such as relief, climate, vegetation etc. Cultural maps show cultural features like population, agriculture, industries, transport, trade etc.