DRAMA

Compiled to fulfill the task of the elementary school arts and culture studies

Odd Semester Academic Year 2022/2023

By Group :

Dian Noni Lestari 2101008

Tria Nurwidyasari 2101037
Rahma Yulia 2101065
Liza Ariani 2101101
Ikhlima Fatimah Zahra 2101059
Nahya Adrian

Lecturer :

Syahrizal Fadhli, S.Sn

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHER EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

STKIP ROKANIA

PASIR PENGARAIAN

2022
 ACKNOWLADGEMENT

Praise and gratitude the author always says for the presence of God Almighty for

His grace and guidance, so that this paper entitled "Drama" can be completed properly and on

time, in order to fulfill the task of the course " elementary school arts and culture studies "

This paper is made with the hope that those who read it will gain useful knowledge

and open up the reader's insight about the drama itself.

Hopefully this paper can increase our knowledge, especially as writers, we are

aware that in this paper there are still many shortcomings in terms of content and writing, for

that the author apologizes as much as possible and hopes for constructive criticism and

suggestions for the preparation of the paper in the future. Finally, the author says thank you.

i
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLADGEMENT.................................................................................................i

TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................................ii

CHAPTER I

PRILEMINARY................................................................................................................1

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION.....................................................................................................................2

A. Understanding drama...................................................................................................2
B. History of Drama..........................................................................................................3
C. Principle of Drama........................................................................................................9
D. Types and Examples of Drama...................................................................................10

CHAPTER III

CLOSING.........................................................................................................................18
A. Conclusion..................................................................................................................18
B. Advice..........................................................................................................................18

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 CHAPTER I

PRILEMINARY

A. Background

Literature is essentially a creation, a creation not mere imitation (in Luxemburg, 1989: 5).
Literary works as forms and results of a creative work are essentially a medium that uses
language to express human life. Therefore, a literary work, in general, contains the problems
surrounding human life. The emergence of literature was born on the back of a basic human
impulse to reveal its existence. (in Sarjidu, 2004: 2).

Drama is one of the literature that is very popular until now, even in this era there has
been a very rapid development in the field of drama. For example, soap operas, feature films,
and other shows depicting the lives of living things. In addition, the art of drama has also
become an extraordinary business land. In this case, the customer or actor will benefit
financially and become famous, but before getting there an organizer or actor must be a
professional person in order to grow continuously.

B. Purpose
The purpose of writing this paper is;
1) To improve learning about drama
2) Increase your ability to create, properly and correctly. Both orally or in writing.
3) And in order to increase your skill in appreciating literature.

C. Problem Formulation
1) Understanding drama?
2) The history of drama?
3) The principle of drama?
4) What kind of drama?

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Pengertian Drama
Drama adalah sebuah jenis karya sastra yang berisi mengenai kisah, watak, dan
prilaku manusia melalui peran dan dialog yang ditampilkan di atas panggung dalam
beberapa babak. Atau bisa dikatakan jika definisi drama adalah sebuah genre dalam karya
sastra berupa karangan, yang menggambarkan kisah kehidupan nyata yang ditunjukkan
dalam sebuah sajian, dimana watak dan tingkah laku manusia ditunjukkan melalui sebuah
dialog dalam peran yang dilakonkan. kata drama  berasal dari bahasa Yunani, yaitu
"draomai" yang artinya bertindak atau berbuat. Dalam penyajiannya sebuah drama sering
kali berisi mengenai konflik dan emosi, sebab diharapkan para penontonnya jadi bisa lebih
mendalami kisah atau cerita dalam drama tersebut. Pemeran sebuah drama biasanya
adalah seniman-seniman yang memiliki kemampuan untuk menyajikan konflik dan emosi
secara utuh
Adapun istilah lain drama berasal dari kata drame, sebuah kata Perancis yang
diambil oleh Diderot dan Beaumarchaid untuk menjelaskan lakon-lakon mereka tentang
kehidupan kelas menengah. Dalam istilah yang lebih ketat, sebuah drama adalah lakon
serius yang menggarap satu masalah yang punya arti penting – meskipun mungkin
berakhir dengan bahagia atau tidak bahagia – tapi tidak bertujuan mengagungkan tragedi.
Bagaimanapun juga, dalam jagat modern, istilah drama sering diperluas sehingga
mencakup semua lakon serius, termasuk didalamnya tragedi dan lakon absurd.

A. Understanding drama
Drama is a type of literary work that contains the story, character, and behavior of
humans through roles and dialogue that are displayed on stage in several acts. Or it can
be said if the definition of drama is a genre in literary works in the form of essays, which
describe real-life stories shown in a presentation, where human character and behavior
are shown through a dialogue in the role performed. The word drama comes from the
Greek word "draomai" which means to act or do. In its presentation a drama often
contains about conflict and emotions, because it is expected that the audience can be more
steeped in the story or story in the drama. The cast of a drama is usually artists who have
the ability to present conflict and emotions as a whole.

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Another term for drama comes from the word drame, a French word taken by
Diderot and Beaumarchaid to describe their plays about middle-class life. In stricter
terms, a play is a serious play that works on a problem that has significance — though it
may end happily or unhappily — but doesn't aim to glorify tragedy. However, in the
modern universe, the term drama is often expanded to include all serious plays, including
tragedies and absurd plays.

B. Sejarah Drama
1. Sejarah Drama Zaman Yunani (tarafawal)
Seperti dibicarakan pada bagian awal, bahwa drama berasal dari zaman Yunani
Kuno. Titik tolak dari pandangan ini bermula dari kegiatan upacara ritual yang dilakukan
oleh masyarakat Yunani dalam menghormati keberadaan dewa sebagai penguasa bumi
sekitar tahun 600 SM. Dalam upacara-upacara keagamaan tersebut mereka mengadakan
festival tarian dan nyanyian hingga melahirkan dramawan masyhur bernama Thespis.
Tokoh Yunani lainnya yang terkenal dalam dunia drama adalah Plato, Aristoteles,
dan Sophocles. Dengan cara pandangnya yang berbeda, ketiga tokoh ini berperan penting
dalam meletakkan dasar-dasar dramaturgi yang dikenal sekarang. Plato yang terkenal
dengan karyanya The Republic memandang seni sebagai mimetik atau tiruan dari
kehidupan jasmaniah manusia. Aristoteles berpendapat berbeda, dia memandang karya
seni bukan hanya sebagai imitasi kehidupan fisik belaka tetapi harus juga dipandang
sebagai karya yang mengandung kebajikan dalam diri karya itu sendiri.
Berbeda dengan Plato dan Aristoteles, Sophocles (496-406 SM.)memandang seni
sebagai pelukisan manusia seperti seharusnya manusia. Drama-dramanya tidak
mempersoalkan kejahatan dan hukumannya secara abstrak. Sedangkan pola drama yang
digunakan selalu memunculkan tokoh berkepribadian kuat yang memilih jalan hidup
meski berat dan sulit hingga membuatnya menderita. Beberapa karya dramanya yang
terkenal yaitu Ayax, Antigone, Wanita-wanita Trachia, Oidipus Sang Raja, Electra,
Philoctetes, dan oidipus di Kolonus. Beberapa tokoh drama Yunani lainnya adalah
Aeschylus (525-SM.), Euripideus (484-406 SM), Aristophanes (448-380 SM), dan
Manander (349-291 SM.).
Lakon- lakon drama yang terkenal di Yunani umumnya seputar kisah tragedi dan
komedi. Drama tragedi cenderung menyajikan kisah yang membuat penonton tegang,
takut, dan kasihan. Tokoh drama yang terkenal dalam drama tragedi zaman Yunani Kuno
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adalah Aeskill (525-456 SM) dengan karyanya yang terkenal seperti Trilogi Oresteia,
Orang-orang Persia, Prometheus dibelenggu, dan Para Pemohon, Sophokles (496-406
SM) dengan karyanya yang terkenal seperti; Trilogi Oidipus, Ajax, Wanita-wanita
Trachia, dan Electra, juga Euripides (484-406 SM) dengan karyanya yang terkenal seperti;
Hercules, Medea, Wanita-wanita Troya, dan Cyclop
Drama komedi biasanya menyajikan kisah yang lucu, kasar dan sering mengeritik
tokoh terkenal pada waktu itu. Tokoh drama yang terkenal dalam drama komedi zaman
Yunani Kuno adalah Aristhipanes (445-385 SM) dengan karyanya yang terkenal seperti
Para Perwira, Lysistrata, dan Burung-burung, dan Menander (349-291 SM) dengan
karyanya yang terkenal yaitu Rasa Dongkol. Selain dua jenis drama tersebut, drama zaman
Yunani mengenal juga drama satyr, yaitu bentuk drama yang berupa komedi ringan dan
pendek. Unsur humor yang disajikan merupakan parodi terhadap mitologi. Karya satyre
Yunani Kuno yang diketahui hanya Cyclop karya Euripides.
Semua lakon yang sudah ditulis dalam bentuk naskah drama ini dipentaskan di
panggung terbuka yang berada di ketinggian. Panggung tersebut berada di tengah-tengah
yang dikelilingi oleh tempat duduk penonton yang melingkari bukit. Gedung pementasan
drama yang terkenal di Athena pada saat itu adalah Teater Dionysius di samping bawah
bukit Acropolis, pusat kuil kota Athena yang dapat menampung 14.000 penonton.
Dalam prosesnya, pementasan drama di Yunani seluruhnya dimainkan pria. Bahkan
peran wanitanya dimainkan pria dan memakai topeng. Hal ini disebabkan karena setiap
pemain memerankan lebih dari satu tokoh. Selain pemeran utama juga ada pemain khusus
untuk kelompok koor (penyanyi), penari, dan narator (pemain yang menceritakan jalannya
pertunjukan).

B.History of Drama

1. History of Greek Drama (tarafawal)

As discussed in the early part, that the drama dates back to Ancient Greek times.
The starting point of this view stems from the ritual ritual activities carried out by the
Greek people in honor of the existence of gods as rulers of the earth around 600 BC. In
these religious ceremonies they held a festival of dance and singing to give birth to a
famous playwright named Thespis.
Other famous Greek figures in the world of drama are Plato, Aristotle, and
Sophocles. With his different perspectives, these three characters were instrumental in
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laying the foundations of the dramaturgy known today. Plato, best known for his work The
Republic, viewed art as a mimetic or imitation of human physical life. Aristotle argued
differently, he viewed art not only as an imitation of mere physical life but should also be
viewed as a work that contained virtue in the work itself.
In contrast to Plato and Aristotle, Sophocles (496-406 BC.) I see art as a human
being like a human being should. His plays do not question his crimes and punishments in
the abstract. While the pattern of drama used always gives rise to strong personalities who
choose the way of life even though it is heavy and difficult to make him suffer. Some of his
famous plays are Ayax, Antigone, Trachian Women, Oidipus the King, Electra,
Philoctetes, and oidipus di Kolonus. Some other Greek playwrights were Aeschylus (525-
BC.), Euripideus (484-406 BC), Aristophanes (448-380 BC), and Manander (349-291
BC.).
Famous drama plays in Greece are generally about tragedies and comedies.
Tragedy dramas tend to present stories that make the audience tense, fearful, and pitiful.
The most famous playwright in the tragedy dramas of Ancient Greece was Aeskill (525-
456 BC) with his famous works such as the Oresteian Trilogy, the Persians, Prometheus
shackled, and the Supplicants, Sophokles (496-406 BC) with his famous works such as;
Trilogy of Oidipus, Ajax, Trachian Women, and Electra, as well as Euripides (484-406
BC) with such famous works; Hercules, Medea, The Trojan Women, and Cyclop
Comedy dramas usually present a funny, violent and often criticizing story of famous
figures at that time. Famous playwrights in Ancient Greek comedy-dramas were
Aristhipanes (445-385 BC) with his famous works such as The Officers, Lysistrata, and
Birds, and Menander (349-291 BC) with his famous work Rasa Dongkol. In addition to
these two types of drama, Greek dramas also know satyr drama, which is a form of drama
in the form of light and short comedy. The element of humor presented is a parody of
mythology. The only known work of ancient Greek satyre is Euripides' Cyclop.
All plays that have been written in the form of a play script are staged on an open
stage that is at a height. The stage is in the middle surrounded by audience seats that
circle the hill. The famous playhouse in Athens at the time was the Dionysius Theatre
beside the lower hill of the Acropolis, the center of the temple of Athens that could
accommodate 14,000 spectators.
In the process, the staging of the drama in Greece was entirely played by men. Even
the role of women is played by men and wear masks. This is because each player plays
more than one character. In addition to the main cast there is also a special cast for the
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group of choirs (singers), dancers, and narrators (performers who tell the course of the
show).

2. Drama Abad Pertengahan

Drama abad pertengahan berkembang antara tahun 900 – 1500 M dengan mendapat
pengaruh dari Gereja Katolik. Dalam pementasannya terdapat nyanyian yang dilagukan
oleh para rahib dan diselingi dengan koor. Kemudian ada pagelaran ‘pasio’ seperti yang
sering dilaksanakan di gereja menjelang upacara Paskah sampai saat ini. Lakon yang
dimainkan mula-mula peristiwa kenaikan Yesus ke surga, sekitar cerita Natal, cerita-cerita
dari bible, hingga lakon tentang para orang suci (santo-santo).
Ketika gereja tidak memperbolehkan mementaskan drama di dalam gereja, maka
drama kemudian dipentaskan di jalan- jalan dan di lapangan. Hal ini berpengaruh pada
perubahan tema lakon yang lebih cenderung tentang kebajikan, kekayaan, kemiskinan,
pengetahuan, kebodohan, dan sebagainya. Pementasan drama seperti ini disebut drama
moral, karena mengajarkan adanya pertarungan abadi antara kejahatan dengan kebaikan
dalam hati manusia. Di tengah pementasan, biasanya dimasukkan unsur badut untuk
memancing tawa penonton karena jenuh menyaksikan pementasan yang berjalan lamban.
Ketika muncul reformasi sekitar tahun 1600 M, perkembangan drama abad pertengahan
mengalami kemunduran hingga lenyap sama sekali.
Ciri-ciri teater abad Pertengahan adalah sebagai berikut:
a) Dimainkan oleh aktor-aktor yang belajar di universitas sehingga dikaitkan dengan
masalah filsafat dan agama.
b) Aktor bermain di panggung di atas kereta yang bisa dibawa berkeliling menyusuri
jalanan.
c) Dekor panggung bersifat sederhana dan simbolis.
d) Lirik-lirik dialog drama menggunakan dialek atau bahasa.
e) Dimainkan di tempat umum dengan memungut bayaran.
f) Tidak memiliki nama pengarang secara pasti untuk lakon yang dipentaskannya

2. Medieval Drama
Medieval drama flourished between 900 and 1500 AD with influence from the
Catholic Church. In the staging there are chants chanted by monks and interspersed with
choirs. Then there is the performance of 'pasio' as is often carried out in the church ahead
of the Easter ceremony until now. The play that played out at the beginning of the
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ascension of Jesus to heaven, around Christmas stories, stories from the bible, to plays
about saints (saints).
When the church does not allow the staging of drama in the church, then the drama
is then staged in the streets and in the field. This has an effect on changing the theme of
the play which is more likely about virtue, wealth, poverty, knowledge, ignorance, and so
on. Staging such a drama is called moral drama, because it teaches the eternal struggle
between evil and good in the human heart. In the middle of the staging, usually included
clown elements to provoke laughter from the audience because they are saturated to watch
the staging that runs slowly. When the reformation emerged around 1600 AD, the
development of medieval drama regressed until it disappeared altogether.
The characteristics of Medieval theater are as follows:
a) Played by actors studying at university so associated with philosophical and religious
issues.
b) Actors play on stage on a train that can be carried around down the street.
c) Stage décor is simple and symbolic.
d) The lyrics of the dialogue of the drama use dialect or language.
e) Played in public places by charging a fee.
f) Does not have a definite author name for the play he performed.

3. Drama Modern
Drama modern pada dasarnya merupakan proses lanjutan dari kejayaan pementasan
drama sebelumnya yang dimulai sejak zaman Yunani. Perubahan yang nampak terdapat
pada hampir seluruh unsur drama pentas. Berbagai karakter tokoh di atas pentas
diekspresikan dengan konsep pementasan modern yang memiliki efek-efek khusus dan
teknologi baru dalam unsur musik, dekorasi, tata cahaya, dan efek elektronik. Gaya
permainannya pun cenderung didominasi realistis hingga mengalami kejenuhan dan lebih
menjurus pada gaya permainan yang eksperimental.
Perkembangan gaya eksperimental ditandai dengan banyaknya gaya baru yang lahir
baik dari sudut pandang pengarang, sutradara, aktor ataupun penata artistik. Tidak jarang
usaha para dramawan berhasil dan mampu memberikan pengaruh seperti gaya;
Simbolisme, Surealisme, Epik, dan Absurd. Tetapi tidak jarang pula usaha mereka
berhenti pada produksi pertama. Lepas dari hal itu, usaha pencarian kaidah artistik yang
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dilakukan oleh seniman drama modern patut diacungi jempol karena usaha-usaha tersebut
mengantarkan kita pada keberagaman bentuk ekspresi dan makna keindahan.

3. Modern Drama
Modern drama is essentially a follow-up process of the glory of staging previous
plays that began in Greek times. The changes that appear to be present in almost all
elements of the stage drama. The various characters on stage are expressed by the concept
of modern staging that has special effects and new technologies in musical elements,
decoration, lighting, and electronic effects. The style of play also tends to be dominated
realistic to experience saturation and more lead to an experimental style of play.
The development of experimental styles is characterized by the number of new styles
born either from the point of view of the author, director, actor or artistic stylist. Not
infrequently the efforts of playwrights are successful and able to exert influences such as
style; Symbolism, Surrealism, Epic, and Absurd. But it is not uncommon for their efforts to
stop at the first production. Apart from that, the search for artistic rules carried out by
modern drama artists deserves a thumbs up because these efforts lead us to a diversity of
forms of expression and meaning of beauty.

4. Sejarah Drama Indonesia

Bangsa kita sudah mengenal drama sejak jaman dulu. Keberadaannya ditandai
dengan adanya kegiatan ritual keagamaan yang dilakukan oleh para pemuka agama dan
diikuti oleh masyarakat sekitarnya. Karena kegiatan ritual keagamaan erat kaitannya
dengan kehidupan masyarakat, maka kegiatan ritual ini kemudian mengalami
perkembangan dengan dimasukannya unsur tari dan musik sesuai dengan perkembangan
kehidupan masyarakat itu pula. Dibanding dengan upacara-upacara ritual keagamaan di
Barat, upacara-upacara ritual di Indonesia sifatnya lebih puitis karena dilakukan dengan
cara mengucapkan mantera- mantera.
Pada perkembangan berikutnya, Berdasarkan cara-cara melakukan upacara
keagamaan itu lahirlah tontonan drama, yang kemudian berkembang sesuai dengan selera
masyarakat dan perkembangan zaman. Berdasarkan kurun waktunya, perkembangan
drama di Indonesia dikelompokkan menjadi drama atau teater tradisional, drama atau
teater transisi dan drama atau teater modern.
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4. History of Indonesian Drama

Our nation has known drama since ancient times. Its existence is characterized by
religious ritual activities carried out by religious leaders and followed by the surrounding
community. Because religious ritual activities are closely related to people's lives, this
ritual activity then undergoes development with the inclusion of elements of dance and
music in accordance with the development of community life as well. Compared to
religious ritual ceremonies in the West, ritual ceremonies in Indonesia are more poetic
because they are done by pronouncing incantations.
In the next development, based on the ways of performing religious ceremonies was
born the spectacle of drama, which then developed in accordance with the tastes of society
and the development of the times. Based on the time period, the development of drama in
Indonesia is grouped into drama or traditional theater, drama or transitional theater and
drama or modern theater.

C. Prinsip Drama
Pada abad 18, pengarang drama Jerman terkenl yang bernama Goethe telah
merumuskan tiga prinsip utama bagi kritik atau evaluasi drama, yang sejak itu telah
dipergunakan sebagai dasar untuk menilai drama khususnya, seni pada umumnya. Prinsip-
prinsip Goethe yang terkenal itu berada dalam bentuk pertanyaan, yaitu :

1. Apa yang hendak dikerjakan oleh sang seniman ?

2. Baikkah dia melakukan hal itu ?
3. Pantaskah hal itu dilakukan ?

(Albert [et all], 1961 :48).

Walau Goethe pada mulanya menitik beratkan prinsip-prinsip tersebut bagi drama,
namun ketiga pertanyaan itu dapat pula kita terapkan pada karya sastra lainnya, seperti
puisi, novel, cerita pendek, karena kata seniman “seniman” telah mencakup seliuruh seni,
inklusif seni sastra.

C.Principle of Drama
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By the 18th century, the most famous German playwright Goethe had formulated
three main principles for the critique or evaluation of drama, which have since been used
as a basis for assessing drama in particular, art in general. Goethe's famous principles
are in the form of questions:

1. What does the artist want to do?

2. Is he okay to do that?
3. Should it be done?

(Albert [et all], 1961:48).

Although Goethe initially focused these principles on drama, the three questions we
can also apply to other literary works, such as poetry, novels, short stories, because the
word artist "artist" has included the art, inclusive literary art.

D. Jenis Dan Contoh Drama

Drama dapat dibagi beberapa jenis, dapat berdasarkan isinya, berdasarkan cara
penyajian, berdasarkan bentuk, dan bedasarkan massa waktunya. Di bawah ini terdapat
uraian mengenai berbagai jenis drama.
Drama Berdasarkan Isi Ceritanya:

1. Drama tragedi
Drama tragedi adalah drama dengan kisah sedih yang tak berujung. Tokoh-tokoh
yang terlibat akan dikenakan masalah atau bencana yang besar, serta biasanya diakhiri
dengan kesedihan pada tokoh protagonis.
Contoh: drama Romeo dan Juliete, dan film Titanic.

2. Melodrama
Melodrama adalah drama yang sangat mengharukan, meyakinkan, menyentuh hati,
dan cendrung berlebihan. Melodrama biasanya terdiri dari tokoh antagonis yang sangat
jahat dan kejam dan tanpa ada sisi baiknya sedikitpun dan tokoh protagonis yang sangat
baik tanpa ada kesalahan, dan didalam melodrama tokoh hanya bersikap pasrah dengan
apa yang terjadi.
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Contoh: film Eiffle I’m in Love, dan mayoritas seluruh sinetron di indonesia adalah
melodrama.

3. Komedi (drama ria)

Komedi adalah drama ringan yang sifatnya menghibur, didalamnya terdapat dialog
kocak atau perbuatan yang dapat mengundang tawa, bersifat menyindir dan biasanya
berakhir dengan bahagia. Tidak semua orang dapat tertawa pada saat melihat drama
komedi. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kebiasaan dan budaya yang berbeda.
Contoh: film Mr. Bean.

D.Types and Examples of Drama

Drama can be divided into several types, can be based on its content, based on the
way of presentation, based on form, and based on the mass of time. Below is a description
of the different types of drama.
Drama Based on the Content of the Story:

1. Drama of tragedy
Tragedy drama is a drama with endless sad stories. The characters involved will be
subjected to major problems or disasters, and usually end with sadness in the protagonist.
Examples: the drama Romeo and Juliete, and the movie Titanic.

2. Melodrama
Melodrama is a very moving, convincing, heartfelt, and exaggerating drama.
Melodrama usually consists of antagonists who are very evil and cruel and without the
slightest good side and excellent protagonists without any mistakes, and in melodrama the
characters are just resigned to what happened.
Example: Eiffle's film I'm in Love, and the majority of all soap operas in Indonesia
are melodramas.

3. Comedy (drama ria)

Comedy is a light drama that is entertaining, in which there is a hilarious dialogue
or action that can invite laughter, insinuating and usually ends happily. Not everyone can
laugh when they see a comedy-drama. This is due to different customs and cultures.
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Example: Mr. Bean's film.

4. Dagelan
Dagelan adalah drama yang isinya kocak dan ringan, biasanya bersifat kasar, lentur,
dan vulgar. Dalam dagelan tidak ada konsistensi terhadap tokoh dan alur. Tokoh yang
awalnya antagonis atau protagonis dapat berubah menjadi kocak di tengah tengah cerita.
Oleh sebab itu durasi dalam dagelan juga jarang sekali ditepati.
Contoh: Ketoprak Humor, teater Srimulat, dan Opera Van Java.

4. Dagelan
Dagelan is a drama whose content is hilarious and light, usually rude, supple, and
vulgar. In dagelan there is no consistency to the character and the groove. Characters
who are initially antagonists or protagonists can turn into hilarious in the middle of the
story. Therefore, the duration in the dagelan is also rarely kept.
Examples: Ketoprak Humor, Srimulat theater, and Opera Van Java.

Drama Berdasarkan Cara Penyajiannya

1. Closed drama (drama untuk dibaca)

Closed drama adalah drama yang dibuat hanya untuk dibaca dan hanya bagus jika
hanya dibaca. Drama ini terdiri dari dialog-dialog panjang dan dengan kata-kata yang
indah. Dialog yang digunakan tidak mencerminkan percakapan sehari-hari sehingga sulit
untuk dipentaskan.

2. Drama treatrikal (drama yang dipentaskan)

Drama treatrikal adalah drama yang dipentaskan baik diatas panggung maupun
tidak.

3. Drama radio
Drama radio adalah drama yang dipentaskan melalui radio. Drama radio
mementingkan dialog antar tokoh yang diucapkan. Drama radio biasanya direkam melalui
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kaset dan diberikan sound effect agar lebih menarik. Adegan dan babak dalam drama radio
dapat diganti sebanyak mungkin karena tidak perlu mengganti properti.

4. Drama televisi
Drama televisi adalah drama yang ditayangkan dan dipentaskan melalui media
televisi. Kelebihan media televisi adalah pada saat menayangkan flashback. Drama televisi
berbentuk skenario dan ditayangkan dalam bentuk film dan sinetron.

Drama Based on How It's Presented

1. Closed drama (drama to read)

Closed drama is a drama that is made only to be read and only good if it is only
read. The drama consists of long dialogues and beautiful words. The dialogue used does
not reflect everyday conversations making it difficult to stage.

2. Treatrikal drama (staged drama)

Treatrikal drama is a drama that is staged both on stage and not.

3. Radio drama
Radio drama is a drama that is staged over the radio. Radio dramas attach
importance to dialogue between spoken characters. Radio dramas are usually recorded on
cassette and given a sound effect to make it more interesting. Scenes and acts in radio
dramas can be replaced as much as possible because there is no need to replace
properties.

4. Television drama
A television drama is a drama that is aired and staged through television media. The
advantage of television media is when airing flashbacks. Television dramas are in the
form of screenplays and aired in the form of films and soap operas.

Drama Berdasarkan Bentuknya

1. Sandiwara
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Sandiwara terdiri atas dua bahasa jawa yaitu sandi yang berarti rahasaia dan warah
yang berarti ajaran. Sandiwara adalah suatu pengajaran dan disampaikan secara sia-sia
melalui tontonan.
2. Teater rakyat
Teater rakyat adalah tontonan drama yang dipertunjukan dihadapan orang banyak
dan bersifat merakyat. Contohnya seperti lenong dari jakarta, ketoprak dari jawa, arja dari
bali dan sebagainya.

3. Opera
Opera adalah drama yang berisi dialog dan musik pada saat penyajiannya. Opera
juga biasa disebut sebagai drama musikal.

4. Sendratari
Sendratari adalah seni drama tari atau drama tanpa dialog. Suasana adegan dengan
gerak yang berunsur tari dari para pemainnya. Biasanya drama yang dibawakan secara
sendratari ini adalah cerita klasik seperti Ramayana dan Mahabarata.

5. Pantonim
Pantonim adalah seni drama tanpa kata kata dan hanya menggunakan gerak tubuh
dan mimik wajah. Pantonim biasanya diiringi oleh musik.

Drama Based on Form

1. Theatrics
Theatrics consists of two Javanese languages, namely a cipher meaning rahasaia
and warah which means teachings. The charade is a teaching and is delivered in vain
through spectacle.

2. Folk theater
Folk theater is a drama spectacle that is performed in front of a large crowd and is
popular. Examples such as lenong from Jakarta, ketoprak from Java, arja from Bali and
so on.

3. Opera
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Opera is a drama that contains dialogue and music at the time of its presentation.
Opera is also commonly referred to as musical drama.

4. Sendratari
Sendratari is the art of dance drama or drama without dialogue. The atmosphere of
the scene with dance movements from the players. Usually this drama performed in
paradise is a classic story such as Ramayana and Mahabarata.

5. Pantonim
Pantonim is the wordless art of drama and uses only gestures and facial expressions.
Pantonim is usually accompanied by music.

6. Operet atau opperette

Operet adalah opera dengan cerita yang lebih pendek.

7. Passie
Passie adalah drama dengan unsur agama atau religius.

8. Wayang
Wayang adalah drama yang pemain dramanya adalah boneka wayang.

9. Drama bentuk prosa

Seperti juga halnya karya sastra yang dapat ditulis dalam bentu prosa, maka drama
pun dapat di tulis dalam bentuk prosa.

10. Drama berbentuk puisi

Selain dalam bentuk prosa, drama pun ada pula yang di tulis dalam bentuk puisi.
Biasa juga disebut dengan istilah drama bersajak.

11. Drama campuran prosa dan puisi

Ada juga drama yang sebagian ditulis dalam prosa dan seragian dalam puisi. Jadi
berbentuk campuran prosa dan puisi.

6. Operetta or opperette
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An operetta is an opera with a shorter story.

7. Passie
Passie is a drama with religious or religious elements.

8. Puppet
Puppet is a drama whose drama player is a puppet puppet.

9. Prose form drama

Just as literary works can be written in prose, drama can be written in prose.

10. Poetry-shaped drama

In addition to prose, there is also drama written in the form of poetry. It is also
known as drama.

11. Mixed drama of prose and poetry

There are also plays that are partly written in prose and in poetry. So it takes the
form of a mixture of prose and poetry.

Drama Berasarkan Massa Waktunya

1. Drama Baru (Modern)

Drama baru adalah drama yang bertujuan memberi pesan kepada penonton dan
temanya berdasarkan kehidupan sehari-hari.

Contoh : sinetron, opera, dan film.

2. Drama Lama (Klasik)

Drama lama adalah drama yang menceriitakan kesaktian, istanasentris, kehidupan
dewa-dewi, kejadian ajaib, dan lain sebagainya.

Contoh : lenong (pertunjukan sandiwara dengan gambang kromong dari Jakarta),

wayang, dan dagelan.
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Dramas Spread The Mass of Time

1. New Drama (Modern)

A new drama is a drama that aims to give a message to the audience and its theme
based on everyday life.

Examples: soap operas, operas, and movies.

2. Old Drama (Classic)

Old dramas are dramas that proclaim magic, palacecentric, the lives of gods,
magical events, and so on.

Examples: lenong (a performance with kromong gambang from Jakarta), puppets,

and dagelan.
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

C. CONCLUSION
Drama is a form of art that tells stories through conversation and action of its
characters. However, the conversation or dialogue itself can also be viewed as an
understanding of action, in a drama story certainly has elements that will support a story of
the ursur drama is the theme, plot, character, setting / setting, and mandate. The creation of an
interesting drama must certainly have a foundation that is arranged regularly, ranging from
exposition, rising action, complication, climax, resolu. To make up a drama story, the steps
are; Determine the theme, determine the problem (conflict),, create a synopsis (summary of
the story), determine the framework of the story, determine the protagonist, determine the
way of settlement, after which write.
 
B. ADVICE
For the creation of a society that has a concentrated art aroma in the international eye,
here the author expects that the art of drama gets high attention, both among ordinary people,
education, business people and the government.

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 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Pengertian seni drama di akses pada 3 Maret 2022 dari laman :

https://www.kompasiana.com/seli15121/601a2e9b838cc67b161033f2/konsep-dan-
karakteristik-drama

Sejarah seni drama di akses pada 3 Maret 2022 dari laman :

http://ceritasitede.blogspot.com/2015/04/makalah-sejarah-drama.html

Prinsip, jenis dan contoh seni drama di akses 3 Maret 2022 dari laman :

http://shareforgoodpeople.blogspot.com/2015/03/prinsip-prinsip-dasar-drama.html?
m=1

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