HOPE 4 Module 2 Mountaineering

HOPE 4 Mountaineering: Backpacking
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600

Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 12
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph
MODULE 1 Subject Teacher:
1
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
Dear Student,
Welcome to the HOPE 4 Course offered by The University of the

Cordilleras, Integrated School, Senior High School. This course module
emphasizes on self-directed and outcome-based learning. The key in
successfully passing this subject lies in your commitment in learning and
complying with the requirements. It is our desire that you pass this subject
fully equipped with the necessary 21st Century skills.
This module was designed to provide you with a fun and meaningful
learning experiences and opportunities. You will be enabled to process the
content of this module while being an active learner.
Enjoy and maximize the learning while you are in your own homes.
In this module, you will be encountering the following parts and icons.
This part enumerates the set of objectives,

TARGET competencies and performance standards that
will be acquired upon completion of the module.
This part includes diagnostic activities or check-up

TESTER quizzes that will determine your knowledge about
the topics.
In this portion, a new lesson will be introduced. It is

composed of discussions and introductions of
TEACHING concepts and skills that will in able us to
understanding and have an in depth
understanding about the topic.
2
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
Good day UCians! This module will help you understand the following concepts
about Mountaineering:
Lesson 1: Knot Tying

Lesson 2: Shelter making
Learning Objectives
Through discussions and differentiated activities, the students should be able:
A. discuss the different types of knot tying and its purposes,

B. understand the importance of knot tying and shelter making in Mountaineering
C. perform the steps of the different types of knot tying, and
D. apply knot tying in making a tent in mountaineering.
Before we continue, let us assess first your prior knowledge about our topic. Let
me see if you could answer the following questions:
PRETEST
Directions: Read each statement below carefully. Place T on the space provided
before the number if you think the statement is TRUE. Place an F if you think the
statement is FALSE.
_____ 1. You don’t need to have skills in shelter making when you go to the mountains.
_____2. Knot tying can be used as harness in mountaineering.
_____3. Reef Knot is also known as Square Knot.
_____4. Lashing is a knot that bind two or more poles together.
_____5. Knot tying are all the same and serves only one purpose.
Excellent! I guess you answered the items based on your own ideas and
understanding. Now, you are ready to learn and discover more about
Knot Tying and Shelter making .
3
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
Lesson 1: Knot Tying
What is the purpose of knot tying?
Knot Tying is an interlacing, twining, looping of a cord, rope, or the like, drawn tight into
a knob or lump, for fastening, binding, or connecting two cords together or a cord to
something else.
The knot is used to keep the rope from running out of a restraining device. It will jam
under tension but can be more easily undone.
Basic Knot Tying and Lashing

1. Clove Hitch
Clove Hitch is considered to be one of the most essential knots to know. It
consists of two opposed half hitches around an object. It is a quick and easy way
to secure a rope to a post. It is usually used as a temporary knot.
Procedure:
• Place the working end of the rope over the top of the post.
• Take the end of the rope and bring it over the main rope to make an X
shape
• Wrap the working end of the rope around the post then place it under the
last piece that was wrapped around.
• Pull both ends of the rope so that it will tighten around the post.
2. Bowline Knot
The Bowline is an essential knot easy to tie and untie it is used to make a fixed
loop at the end of a rope. The Bowline is also one of the four basic maritime
knots. The Bowline is a common rescue knot used when securing and lifting
people or equipment. This knot could save your life – if you ever need rescuing
with a rope tied around your chest, this knot is the safest and most secure.
Procedure:
• Make a loop on the rope. Pass the end of the rope around the loop.
• Then pass the end behind the standing part
• Insert the working end through the loop again.
• Hold the loop and tag end then pull to tighten.
4
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
3. Reef Knot
The Reef Knot is an ancient and simple binding knot used to secure a rope or line
around an object. Although the Reef Knot is often seen used for tying two ropes
together, it is not very reliable and should never be used in a critical situation.
Procedure:
• Place right end of the rope over the left end.
• Twist both ends of the rope.
• Place the left end of the rope over the right end.
• Twist both ends of the rope.
• Pull the ends of the rope to tighten.
4. Double Half Hitch

The Double Half Hitch is made by tying two simple overhand knots together,
where the working end of a line is brought over and under the standing part. It is
a valuable component of a wide variety of useful and reliable hitches, bends,
and knots. It is very useful in securing a rope to a pole and is perfect when
camping for tents and clotheslines.
Procedure:
• Wrap the rope around a pole then pass the end through the loop.
• Wrap it around the standing part inserting the working end through the
loop.
• Tighten to secure the knot
5
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
5. Tripod lashing
The tripod lashing is a shear lashing that binds three poles together at the same
point. This can be use as structure for tent making.
• Start by tying a clove hitch in one of the poles.
• Weave the rope between the poles until there are about five or six turns
around the pole.
• Pass the rope between the poles.
• Make two frapping turns between the poles.
• Finish the lashing with a clove hitch
6. Square Lashing
Square lashing is a knot that binds poles together to form right angle. This lashing can
be used in making ladder, chair, table and support for some structures.
6
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
Lesson 2: Shelter/Tent Making

Tent is a shelter consisting of sheets of fabric or other material draped over, attached to
a frame of poles or attached to a supporting rope. This is used as portable homes for
recreational camping and as temporary shelters.
SAMPLE Steps in making a Tent

Step 1: Choose a Location
a. Choose a semi-level location with fallen debris nearby
Make sure you are not in a low position where rain runoff will accumulate
b. Identify a water source and game trail near your site
c. Decide what direction you want the door to face
Step 2: Preparation and Material Gathering

a. Clear the location of all leaves and debris
b. Collect log/sticks for the structure of the ten and make sure these are not rotten
and are structurally sound.
c. Pile up all the sticks into piles of small, medium, and large length and diameter
d. Collect grasses, pine needles, or leaves for ground insulation.
Step 3: Making the Tripod Tent.

- Choose three long sticks that will serve as the posts of your tent.
- Make sure that the length of this posts will provide you enough space inside the
tripod structure.
- Plant the lower end of the posts on the ground to have a good foundation.
- Make a tripod lashing at the upper end of the posts.
- Place medium size sticks in between the posts of tripod and bind it with the use
of square lashing. This will serve as support on tripod to make it sturdy.
- As for the roof, use a tarp or anything that will protect you from rain or heat of
the sun. Secure the ends of the tarp or any roofing sheet in most parts of the
tripod with any knot tying procedure suited to it.
References:
▪ Essential Knots. Retrieved on May 2,2020 from

http://www.apyc.org.au/uploads/5/9/1/8/5918562/esential_knots.
▪ Survival Camps in the woods. Retrieved on May 2, 2021from

https://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Make-a-Survival-Camp-Ste-in-the-
Woods/
▪ Mountain Overnight & Mega Shelter/HD Bushcraft Survival Video. Retrieved on

March 4, 2021 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fQ2XbokfK0
Image Address:
• Clove hitch knot. Retrieved on March 5, 2021 from

https://i.pinimg.com/originals/2c/32/9f/2c329f8c81e11f6553aa4f3a321244ab.jpg
• Practical maintenance: Knots. Retrieved on March 5, 2021from

https://practicalmaintenance.net/wp-content/uploads/reef-knot.jpg
7
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
• Tripod Lashing. Retrieved on March 5,2021 from

https://i.pinimg.com/originals/db/4e/35/db4e35c17fc6b406c982ab1576198587.jp
g
• Square lashing. Retrieved on March 7, 2021 from

https://content.artofmanliness.com/uploads/2016/09/Square-Lashing-1.jpg

HOPE 4 Module 2 Mountaineering

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HOPE 4 Mountaineering: Backpacking

Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600

MODULE 1 Subject Teacher:

MODULE 1 Subject Teacher:

Welcome to the HOPE 4 Course offered by The University of the

This part enumerates the set of objectives,

This part includes diagnostic activities or check-up

In this portion, a new lesson will be introduced. It is

MODULE 1 Subject Teacher:

Lesson 1: Knot Tying

A. discuss the different types of knot tying and its purposes,

_____2. Knot tying can be used as harness in mountaineering.

_____3. Reef Knot is also known as Square Knot.

_____4. Lashing is a knot that bind two or more poles together.

MODULE 1 Subject Teacher:

Lesson 1: Knot Tying

What is the purpose of knot tying?

Basic Knot Tying and Lashing

MODULE 1 Subject Teacher:

4. Double Half Hitch

MODULE 1 Subject Teacher:

MODULE 1 Subject Teacher:

Lesson 2: Shelter/Tent Making

SAMPLE Steps in making a Tent

Step 2: Preparation and Material Gathering

Step 3: Making the Tripod Tent.

▪ Essential Knots. Retrieved on May 2,2020 from

▪ Survival Camps in the woods. Retrieved on May 2, 2021from

▪ Mountain Overnight & Mega Shelter/HD Bushcraft Survival Video. Retrieved on

• Clove hitch knot. Retrieved on March 5, 2021 from

• Practical maintenance: Knots. Retrieved on March 5, 2021from

MODULE 1 Subject Teacher:

• Tripod Lashing. Retrieved on March 5,2021 from

• Square lashing. Retrieved on March 7, 2021 from

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