Microsystem Technologies (2021) 27:283–292

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-020-04951-1 (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().
,- volV)

TECHNICAL PAPER

Planar dual-band 27/39 GHz millimeter-wave MIMO antenna for 5G

applications
Wael Ali1 • Sudipta Das2 • Hicham Medkour3 • Soufian Lakrit4

Received: 21 June 2020 / Accepted: 5 July 2020 / Published online: 9 July 2020
Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract
This research work presents another design of a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna with dual wide operating bands
at the millimeter-wave (MMW) region proposed for 5G applications. The design consists of two monopole elements with
full size of 26 9 11 mm2. The two monopoles are designed to provide dual-band operation at the frequencies 27 GHz and
39 GHz. The mutual coupling between the two elements is studied and optimized to maximally reduce the effect of one
element on the other. The S-parameters of the proposed MMW MIMO configuration are simulated using two software and
measured using VNA. The results are well agreed with considerable shifting between the measured and the simulated,
which can be due to the fabrication tolerance and cable losses. The radiation characteristics are investigated in terms of
gain and efficiency. The proposed MIMO manifests acceptable gain that reaches 5 dBi and 5.7 dBi in the first and second
bands, respectively, while the radiation efficiency reaches 99.5% and 98.6% over the first and the second bands,
respectively. The MIMO performance is also studied where a very low envelope correlation of about 10–4 is obtained and a
diversity gain of about 10 dB over the two operating bands is also achieved. The comparison between simulation and
measurement shows the possible potential of the proposed MIMO antenna that makes it feasible for MMW 5G
applications.

1 Introduction
The nonstop expansion of mobile terminals, such as
smartphones, tablets, and body-worn electronic devices,
has increased the wireless data traffic that keeps increasing
due to video streaming applications and cloud computing.
To avoid the congestion seen in the microwave region and
meet the bandwidth requirements, the FCC has allocated
millimeter frequency band 25–70 GHz for the use of fifth-
generation (5G) (FCC Takes 2019; Al-Falahy and Alani
& Wael Ali
wael.ali@aast.edu
1
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering,
College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for
Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT),
Alexandria, Egypt
2
Department of ECE, IMPS College of Engineering and
Technology, Chandipur, W.B, India
3
Electronics Department, University Ferhat Abbas Setif 1,
Campus El-Maabouda, 19000 Setif, Algeria
4
Smart Communications Research Team (ERSC), EMI,
Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
2019). This free of use large frequency band offers a great
opportunity and thus it attracts huge attention of 5G
antenna designers in recent times. This huge increase in
frequency derives additional size miniaturization, and
therefore, very limited space can host a large number of
antennas. In contrast, the effect of weather conditions on
electromagnetic waves in the millimeter-wave (MMW)
regions is significant, and therefore losses in the commu-
nication channel and signal attenuations are high. The
challenge to enhance the transmission quality in the MMW
region demands the combination of the other available
technologies including the multi-input multi-output
(MIMO) technology (Busari et al. 2018).
Massive MIMO antenna has become a keyword com-
ponent in the deployment of 5G systems. A thorough
investigation of the behavior of MIMO systems in MMW
frequencies has been reported in the literature (Shahman-
soori et al. 2018; Sun et al. 2018). Numerous figures of
merit of 5G massive MIMO MMW antennas have been
proposed with the propose of enhancing the radiation
performance (Yang et al. 2017, 2018; Mondal and Para-
mesh 2019; Jo et al. 2017).

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284
The widely explored area of research reveals that
wideband as well as multi-bands 5G MMW MIMO
antennas are receiving much attention nowadays. The
2-port MIMO electromagnetic bandgap based antenna
reported in (Saad and Mohamed 2019) is proposed to cover
a wide MMW frequency band from 22.5 to beyond
50 GHz. A defect ground structure-based 4-ports MIMO
antenna proposed in (Jilani and Alomainy 2018) operates at
the MMW frequency band extending between 25.1 and
37.5 GHz. In (Ikram et al. 2018), a wideband MMW 8-port
MIMO antenna is suggested to cover the frequency range
from 27.4 to 28.23 GHz. In (Okan 2020), 2-ports MIMO
planar substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed
antenna was proposed to cover the four MMW bands from
27.55 to 29.36, 37.41 to 38.5, 44.14 to 46.19, and 57.57 to
62.32 GHz. The 2-ports MIMO planar monopole antenna
presented in (Ikram et al. 2019) covers two microwave
frequencies 2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and one MMW band from
24 to 28 GHz. Another 4-ports hybrid MIMO antenna with
an open-ended slot proposed in (Ikram et al. 2020) operates
in the two lower frequencies 800 MHz, 2 GHz as well as
the MMW frequency 28 GHz. Once more, the 3-ports
MIMO antenna reported in (Ikram et al. 2019) covers two
microwave frequencies 2.6 GHz, 3.5 GHz, in addition to
the MMW frequency at 28 GHz. The work in (Ikram et al.
2019) proposes a 4-ports MIMO planar antenna with one
reconfigurable band at microwave region 2–2.8 GHz and a
wideband at MMW region 23–29 GHz.
The present research work is dedicated particularly to
dual-band MIMO planar antennas operating in MMW
frequency region 25–60 GHz. By going through the recent
literature, it shows that only a few works are existing which
means that the subject is still new. However, some MIMO
configurations are proposed to cover the dual bands
28 GHz and 38 GHz in the MMW regions where both
radiation and MIMO performances are investigated (Ali-
akbari et al. 2017; Thi Thanh Tu et al. 2017; Hasan et al.
2019; Marzouk et al. 2019). For the two MIMO configu-
rations covering the dual bands MMW 28/38 GHz and
24/28.5 GHz proposed in (Mahmoud and Montaser 2018)
and (Aboualalaa 2019) respectively, the envelope correla-
tion coefficient (ECC) is not investigated. Furthermore,
neither radiation nor MIMO performances are investigated
for the dual-band MIMO designs operating at MMW
28 GHz and 38 GHz reported in (Ali and Sebak 2016;
Hashem et al. 2016; Elhabbash and Skaik 2019).
In this paper, we propose a MIMO configuration that
operates at two MMW bands 27 GHz and 39 GHz. This
work introduces the full investigation of radiation as well
as diversity performance performed for the proposed
design with the help of CST microwave studio (2020) and
verified using the higher frequency structure simulator
(HFSS) (2020). The proposed MMW MIMO dual-band
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Microsystem Technologies (2021) 27:283–292
antenna differs from previously designed antennas in sev-
eral points:
1- It investigates new frequencies at the MMW region
with two wide bands feature.
2- A full investigation of the radiation and diversity
performance.
3- Simple and planar design that is easy to fabricate.
4- High isolation between the elements.
5- High radiation efficiency using the same RT Rogers
5880 dielectric substrate.
The work involves four steps. The first step explains the
work performed on the basic single monopole element to
generate the dual-band characteristic at the MMW fre-
quency range. The second deals with the construction of
the MIMO configuration based on the single monopole
element since the mutual coupling and the surface current
distribution on the MIMO are analyzed. The third step
includes the discussion of the simulated and measured
S-parameters of the MIMO as well as the simulated radi-
ation characteristics. Finally, the last step presents and
discusses the diversity performance of the suggested
MIMO antenna including the ECC the diversity gain (DG).
2 Proposed dual-band antenna design
The first objective is to obtain dual-band characteristics in
the MMW region of 25–40 GHz. For this purpose, the
monopole with the partial ground plane is chosen for
achieving multi-mode resonance feature. Figure 1 shows
the three main evolutionary steps of the suggested mono-
pole antenna. The patch is printed on the upper face of
Rogers 4003C dielectric substrate (er = 3.55) and fed by a
50 X transmission line, while the partial ground plane is
printed on the bottom side.
The dimensions (Wp, Lp) of the square patch and the
length of the ground plane (Lg) are calculated at the cutoff
frequency 25 GHz. The simulation results of the three steps
are demonstrated in Fig. 2a. In the first step (Antenna A),
the monopole shows an ultra-wide resonance with a
reflection coefficient amplitude less than - 10 dB over the
band (26–38) GHz. The ultra-wideband resonance is
resulted due to the smaller size of the square patch com-
pared to the size of the partial ground plane. To make the
monopole strongly manifests its first resonance mode; it is
required to upsurge the current density circulation in the
square patch to more than it is in the partial ground plane.
Therefore, the size of the square patch is extended by
adding two triangles at its right and left edges (Antenna B).
As expected, the first resonance mode of the monopole is
observed between 26 and 35 GHz with a reflection coef-
ficient amplitude of less than - 10 dB. In the same
Microsystem Technologies (2021) 27:283–292 285

Wf

Wp

lc
Lf

Lp

Wc

L Lg
Antenna A Antenna B Antenna C

Fig. 1 Design procedures of the dual-band monopole antenna

-5 -5
-10 -10
-15 -15

Reflection coefficient [dB]

Reflection coefficient [dB]

-20 -20
-25 -25
-30 -30
-35 Antenna 1 -35
-40 Antenna 2 -40 lc= 02.90 mm
Antenna 3 lc= 03.20 mm
-45 -45
lc= 03.50 mm
-50 -50 lc= 03.80 mm
-55 -55
-60 -60
24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42
Frequency [GHz] Frequency [GHz]
(a) (b)

Fig. 2 Evolution of the monopole design. a Dual-band generation, b optimization of second resonance mode

manner, the second resonance mode is obtained through 3 MIMO antenna design and analysis
another extension of the surface current circulation on the
patch. For that purpose, a rectangular cut is accomplished A copy of Antenna C is placed anti-parallel to the original
inside the patch as shown in Antenna C. one on the same substrate to shape the MIMO configura-
It serves to offers additional path (additional edges) to tion shown in Fig. 4a. The main issue that necessitates
the currents where the latter prefer edges to go though. By consideration in MIMO antennas is the mutual coupling. It
increasing the length of the cut (lc), the current path is degrades the system performance and therefore it should be
increasing and the second resonance mode is gradually reduced maximally. Because the size of the proposed
appearing. As a result, the second resonance mode is MIMO is very compact already 26 9 11 mm2 and to keep
observed around the band (36–42) GHz with a reflection the design very simple, there is not any decoupling struc-
coefficient amplitude of less than - 10 dB. Figure 2b ture used to lessen the mutual coupling. Instead, the suit-
shows the optimization of the length (lc). It demonstrates able mechanism for the present MIMO is to increase the
that further input impedance adaptation can be achieved spacing between the elements. The simulated S-parameters
with the increase of the parameter (ls). The surface current of the MIMO is shown in Fig. 4b and c when the spacing
distribution for the three evolutionary steps presented in (d) between the two elements is changed from 3 to 6 mm.
Fig. 3 which confirms the above analysis. Table 1 repre- It is observed that the MIMO covers the two bands (26–29)
sents the final dimensions of the dual-band MMW mono- GHz and (36–41) GHz, and the isolation between the ele-
pole antenna. ments is less than 30 dB in the first band while in the

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Fig. 3 Surface current distribution at phase 0°. a Antenna A at 30 GHz, b Antenna B at 30 GHz, c Antenna C at f = 27.2 GHz, d Antenna C at
f = 38.5 GHz

Table 1 Dimensional parameters of the dual-band monopole MMW The mutual coupling for the MIMO structure is analyzed
monopole through the surface current distribution as shown in Fig. 5.
Parameter Value in millimeters Parameter Value in millimeters The current is verified when one element is excited and the
second is terminated with a matched load of a 50 X. Hence,
L 11.00 Lp 02.92 it can be noticed that a small amount of current occurs at
Lg 06.60 Wp 03.65 the terminated antenna as depicted in Fig. 4 when the
Wf 00.55 lc 03.80 antenna is simulated at four different frequencies. Never-
Lf 06.88 wc 02.34 theless, the strong coupling can be seen at frequency
39 GHz then lower at 27 GHz and minor at 31 and
35 GHz. This validates the simulated isolation values
obtained in Fig. 4c which are [ - 26 dB at 27 GHz, [
second band is lower than 25 dB. It can be deduced from
- 37 at 31 GHz, [ - 30 dB at 35 GHz and [ - 22 dB
the achieved results in Fig. 4 that the increase in the
at 39 GHz.
parameter (d) increases the isolation and thus reduces the
The MIMO structure with the reduced mutual coupling
mutual coupling between elements.
is fabricated as shown in Fig. 6 and the measurement of

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Microsystem Technologies (2021) 27:283–292 287

(a)

-5 -20

-10 -25

-15 -30
Reflection coefficients [dB]

-20 -35

Isolations [dB]
-25 -40

-30 -45
d= 03.00 mm d= 03.00 mm
-35 -50
d= 04.00 mm d= 04.00 mm
-40 d= 05.00 mm -55 d= 05.00 mm
d= 06.00 mm d= 06.00 mm
-45 -60

-50 -65
24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42
Frequency [GHz] Frequency [GHz]
(b) (c)

Fig. 4 Design and simulation of the two elements MMW dual-band MIMO antenna. a MIMO structure, b reflection coefficient, c mutual
coupling

S-parameters is performed using the ZVA 67 vector net- observed from both results of reflection coefficients
work analyzer (VNA) connected with the suggested MIMO (Fig. 7a) and isolations (Fig. 7b), the agreement is rather
antenna via a pair of end launch connectors. moderate in the lower band (25–29) GHz while it is good in
the upper one (36–41) GHz. The divergence between the
three signals may be due to the different calculation
4 Results and discussion methods used in HFSS and CST as well as to the fabri-
cation tolerance, connectors and cable losses during mea-
4.1 Impedance characteristics surements. All in all, the minimum measured reflection
coefficients are – 20 dB and – 31 dB at 26.5 and
First, the MMW MIMO antenna is re-simulated in HFSS to 38.7 GHz, respectively, while the maximum measured
validate the results obtained from CST software. As shown isolation in the first band is 70 dB at 27 GHz and it is about
in Fig. 7, the results of both software HFSS and CST are 26 dB over the whole second band.
blotted together with the results obtained from VNA
measurements. Due to the full similarity between the two 4.2 Radiation characteristics
elements, it is considered that S11 = S22 and S12 = S21.
Therefore, only one port was excited during S-parameters As the two MIMO elements are identical, only the CST
measurements while the second was terminated to 50 X simulated radiation pattern of one single port is presented
load. The results presented in Fig. 7 are focused on the two for discussion in Fig. 8. The simulation includes co and
bands of interest (25–29) GHz and (36–41) GHz. As cross-polarized radiation in both E and H planes. As it can

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288 Microsystem Technologies (2021) 27:283–292

(a) f= 27 GHz

(b) f= 31 GHz

(c) f= 35 GHz

(d) f= 39 GHz

Fig. 5 The simulated surface current distribution of the mm-wave MIMO antenna

Fig. 6 Fabrication of the

proposed MMW MIMO antenna
and S-parameters measurements

be observed, the MIMO element provides a bi-directional of 27 GHz. Besides, it provides a directional co-polarized
co-polarized E-plane pattern and an omnidirectional co- E-plane radiation and bi-directional co-polarized H-plane
polarized H-plane radiation at the first simulated frequency pattern at the second frequency of 39 GHz. It is worth

123
Microsystem Technologies (2021) 27:283–292 289

-5 -20
Reflection coefficients (S11/S22) [dB]

-25
-10
-30

Isolations(S12/S21) [dB]
-35
-15
-40
-20 -45
HFSS simulation
-50 CST simulation
-25 Measurments
-55
CST simulation
HFSS sumulation -60
-30
Measurments -65
-35 -70
25 26 27 28 29 30 36 37 38 39 40 41 25 26 27 28 29 30 36 37 38 39 40 41
Frequency [GHz] Frequency [GHz]
(a) (b)

Fig. 7 The simulated and measured S-parameters of the proposed MMW MIMO antenna. a Reflection coefficients (S11/S22) versus frequency,
b the isolation (S12/S21) versus frequency

0° E-plane Co-pol 0° E-plane Co-pol

5
-30° 30°
E-plane X-pol 5 E-plane X-pol
-30° 30°
0 H-plane Co-pol 0 H-plane Co-pol
-5 H-plane X-pol -5 H-plane X-pol)
-10 -10
-15 -60° 60° -15 -60° 60°
-20 -20
-25 -25
-30 -30
Gain in dB

Gain in dB

-35 -35
-40 -90° 90° -40 -90° 90°
-35 -35
-30 -30
-25 -25
-20 -20
-15 -120° 120° -15 -120° 120°
-10 -10
-5 -5
0 0
-150° 150° -150° 150°
5 5
180° 180°

(a) (b)

Fig. 8 The radiation pattern of the proposed MIMO mm-wave antenna, a at f = 27 GHz, b at f = 39 GHz

mentioning that the directional radiation pattern is a 10 100

desirable feature for mm-wave antennas to provide high 9 99
gain for high transmission-reception capability as well as it 8 98
leads to very low correlated communication channel. The
Rad. efficiency [%]

7 97
Realized gain [dB]

main issue that one can remark in the present simulated

6 96
radiation patterns is the high level of the cross-polarized
5 95
H-plane radiations in both simulated frequencies.
The simulated realized gain and radiation efficiency of 4 94

the single element of the MIMO are presented in Fig. 9. It 3 93

can be demonstrated that the simulated realized gain varies 2 92
between 3.4 and 5 dBi in the first band (25–29) GHz, while 1 91
it varies between 5.2 and 5.7 dBi in the second band 0 90
(37–41) GHz. On the other hand, the simulated radiation 25 26 27 28 29 37 38 39 40 41
efficiency changes between 97.8 and 99.5% at the first Frequency [GHz]
band (25–29) GHz, whereas it changes between 97.2 and
Fig. 9 Gain and radiation efficiency of the proposed dual-band
98.6% in the second band. These high-efficiency values are
MIMO mm-wave antenna

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290 Microsystem Technologies (2021) 27:283–292

0,010 10,01

0,009
10,00
0,008

0,007 CST

Diversity gain [dB]

HFSS 9,99
0,006

0,005 9,98
ECC

0,004 CST
HFSS
0,003 9,97

0,002
9,96
0,001

0,000
9,95
25 26 27 28 29 37 38 39 40 41 25 26 27 28 29 37 38 39 40 41

Frequency [GHz] Frequency [GHz]

(a) (b)

Fig. 10 The MIMO performance of the proposed MIMO mm-wave antenna against frequency. a ECC, b DG

Table 2 Comparison of the proposed 5G mm-wave dual-band MIMO antenna with the state of the art
Ref # of Structure Operating Gain (dBi) Efficiency Isolation (dB) ECC
elements frequency (%)
(GHz)
1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st band 2nd band
band band band band band band band band

Aliakbari 2 Slot patch 28 38 6.8 6.8 83 93 [ 34 [ 30 [ 10–3 [ 10–3

et al. (2017) antenna
Thi Thanh Tu 4 Phased 28 38 7.58 5.72 86 86 - 25 – 25 [ 4 9 10–3 [ 4 9 10–3
et al. (2017) array ? EBG
Hasan et al. 2 Tapered 28 38 1.27 1.83 78 76 22 21 [ 10–3 [ 10–3
(2019) monopole
Marzouk 4 Microstrip 28 38 7.95 8.27 89.89 88.25 [ 28 [ 26 [ 2.46 9 10-5 [ 7.65 9 10-5
et al. (2019) patch
Mahmoud 12 antipodal 28 38 16.85 16.85 70 81 [ 15 [ 15 – –
and Phased array
Montaser
(2018)
Aboualalaa 4 Two  half- 24 28.5 4.7 4.9 92 95 27 42 – –
(2019) slot stacked
resonators
Ali and Sebak 12 Linear array 28 38 12.07 13.46 – – [ 30 [ 42 – –
(2016)
Hashem et al. 12 Linear array 28 38 12.6 13 – – [ 20 [ 20 – –
(2016)
Elhabbash 6 PIFA 28 38 6.1 6.8 – – [ 14 [ 12 – –
and Skaik
(2019)
Proposed 2 Monopole 27 39 5 5.7 99.5 98.6 > 30 > 25 > 10–4 > 10–4

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Microsystem Technologies (2021) 27:283–292
obtained due to the use of high-efficiency Rogers dielectric
material since its loss tangent equals 0.0027.
4.3 MIMO characteristics
The ECC displaying the diversity performance of the
MIMO antenna system simulated in both software CST and
HFSS is shown in Fig. 10a. The ECC is less than 10–4 over
the two operating bands of the proposed MIMO antenna,
which is so far below the accepted value 0.5. The diversity
gain is also simulated and it is varying around 10 dB over
the two operating bands of the MIMO as observed in
Fig. 10b. The consistency between CST and HFSS simu-
lations is very good as observed at the lower band, while it
is slightly degraded at the upper band.
5 Comparison with the state of the art
The proposed MMW MIMO dual-band antenna is com-
pared with recently reported antennas as shown in Table 2.
It can be observed that the proposed system operating in
different bands than other antennas in the comparison. The
suggested MIMO antenna has a very comparable realized
gain without using any gain enhancement technique like
EBG and linear array configurations. Moreover, it offers
the highest radiation efficiency using the same Rogers
dielectric substrate. It manifests also the highest measured
isolation value in the first band while that of in the second
band is very comparable to the state of the art. Further-
more, the obtained ECC in the two operating bands is very
close to the highest value reached in the state of the art.
6 Conclusion
Two elements-based planar MIMO antenna with dual
operating millimeter-wave bands was proposed in this
work for application in 5G systems. The proposed MIMO
has a very compact size of 26 9 11 mm2 and can be easily
fabricated. The performance is simulated and the S-pa-
rameters were measured using VNA; a comparison
between simulated and measured results showed a good
agreement with an improved isolation of more than 30 dB.
The radiation, as well as the diversity performances, were
studied through simulations and the results demonstrated
the potential feasibility of the proposed MIMO system in
the millimeter-wave frequencies operating at 27 GHz and
39 GHz. The characteristics of the MMW MIMO are
compared to the state of the art showing the outperfor-
mance of the suggested antenna.
291
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