ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First of all, the writer sincerely thank to the Almighty God for His graces, strength,

and His blessing, this research design and title “An Analysis of Noun Phrase Found in ELLE

UK Magazine February 2022 Edition” is written to be presented as a seminar proposal exam

requirement at Faculty of Humanities, Sam Ratulangi university.

In this chance, the writer would like to express her gratitude to Donald R. Lotulung,

SS, M.Hum as a material advisor and Dr. Rina P. Pamantung, M. Hum as a technical advisor,

thank you for the patience, guidance, kindness and hospitality during the process of the

research design.

Last but not least, the writer would like to give the special thanks to her parents.

Thank you for the support and all the prayers. The writer hope this research design could be

useful for other people and their future.

Manado, February 2022

N.M
TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ii

I. TITLE 1

II. RATIONALE 1

III. STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS 2

IV. THE OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH 3

V. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH 3

VI. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 3

VII. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 5

VIII. METHODOLOGY 8

IX. WORKING SCHEDULE 8

X. THE OUTLINE OF DISCUSSION 9

REFERENCES 10
I. TITLE : An Analysis of Noun Phrase Found inELLE UK Magazine HeadlinesFebruary

2022 Edition

II. RATIONALE

Language is a system and arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication

Wardhaugh (1977:3). According to Todd (1987 :6) Language is a set of signals by which we

communicate. Trudgill (1974:13) states language is not only a means of conveying information

in communication, but also very important to create and improve relationship with other people.

Science that studies language is linguistics.

Linguistics is the study of language, Lyons (1968). According to Gleason (1961:2)

linguistics has some branches such as phonology (the study of language sounds and functions),

morphology (the study of word structures), syntax (the study of the process of forming words in

sentences), semantic (the study of word meanings), and pragmatic are the part of linguistics

which can be studied of internal structure point of view and external structures sociolinguistics

(sociology and linguistics), ethnolinguistics (the study of the relationship between language,

culture and society), psycholinguistics (psychology and linguistics). To learn about structures in

word and language, there are also morphology (the study of word structures) and syntax (the

study of the process of forming words in sentences). In this research the writer will focus on

syntax.

Syntax is the study of the principles and processes by which sentences are constructed in

particular language, Chomsky (2002: 1). Radford (2004:1) states syntax is the study of the way

in which phrases and sentences are structured out of words. According to Aarts and Aarts

(1982:22) syntax is the study about how the word arranged and composed into large units of

word like phrase, clause, and sentence

 Phrase is a syntactic unit which typically consists of more than one word, and is

intermediate between word and clause level in sentences, Finch (2000: 112). According to Quirk

(1985:60) “The five formal categories of phrases are verb phrases, noun phrases, adjective

phrases, adverb phrases and prepotional phrases.”

Aarts and Aarts (1982) mention that noun phrase is a word of words that functions as

subject, object or prepositional object in a sentence. Normally the obligatory noun phrase (NP) is

the noun. Noun phrase can function as the subject of sentence. In the structure of the noun phrase

we can distinguish three function: head, determiner, and modifier.

1. Head: a word group with a noun or pronoun

Example: a secret garden

[Head]

2. Determiner: a word or group of words that introduces a noun.

Example: The house, double chocolate, this house

[Det] [head] [det] [head] [det] [head]

3. Modifier: a word phrase, or clause which functions as an adjective or an adverb

to describe the word.

Example: Washing machine

[Mod]

Elle (magazine) is a worldwide women’s lifestyle magazine of French origin that focuses on

fashion, beauty, health and entertainment. It was founded in 1945 by Helene Gordon-Lazareff

and her husband, the writer Pierre Lazareff. Elle is considered the world’s largest fashion
magazine, with 46 international edition in over 60 countries. Elle magazine has over 69 million

readers, with an audience of mostly women. Along with the magazine, the Elle brand includes 33

websites that stretch globally and receive 370 million monthly views. The first international

edition of Elle was launched in japan 1969. Its U.S. and UK editions were launched in

1985. Spain followed in 1986 with Italy and Hong Kong editions launching in 1987. In 1988, the

magazine was launched in Germany, Brazil, China, Sweden, Greece and Portugal. The next year,

the Netherlands and Quebec joined the international Elle community. Australia

and Taiwan versions were launched in 1990, Argentina in 1994, and a Russian edition, published

monthly, launched in 1996.

The reason why the writer chooses this topic is because in third semester when the writer

took Syntax course, the writer learnt about several phrases. The writer took interested in studying

Noun Phrase which becomes the topic of this research. Besides that, the other reason why the

writer chooses noun phrases is because the noun phrase is one of the most important elements in

the structure of a sentence. By understanding the structure of noun phrase, we can easily

understand the whole idea and what it means implied from a sentence and understand how the

sentence is constructed.

The reason why the writer chooses Elle U.K magazine is because Elle is a world-famous

fashion magazine and an interesting fashion magazine that presents several well-known brands

with famous artist models in them. In addition, the writer are interested in researching Elle U.K

magazine because the writer have an interest in fashion and Elle is a fashion magazine that

shows nowadays fashion. In researching the Elle U.K magazine, the writer found several noun

phrase that use daily language and are easy to understand. That’s why the writer chooses Elle

U.K as the object of this research.

III. STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

Based on the rationale, the statement of problems are:

1. What kinds of noun phrases are used in ELLE UK Magazine Headlines February 2022

Edition?

2. What are in the internal functions of noun phrases used in ELLE UK Magazine Headlines

February 2022 Edition?

IV. THE OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH

The objectives of research are:

1. To identify, classify, and describe the kinds of noun phrase used in ELLE UK Magazine

Headlines February 2022 Edition.

2. To describe the internal function of noun phrases used in ELLE UK Magazine Headlines

February 2022 Edition.

V. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH

Theoretically, this research will contribute the development of linguistics on kinds and

internal function of noun phrases in syntactic studies using Aarts and Aarts (1982) theory and

also useful for further researches about noun phrase.

Practically, the result of this research can be useful for the readers to understand the kinds

and internal function of noun phrases found in journal article. The result of this research also

aims to give the readers an information and explanation about noun phrase An Analysis of Noun

Phrase found in ELLE UK Magazine Headlines February 2022 Edition.

VI. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

There are several studies related to this research, namely:

1. “Frase Nomina dalam Artikel BeyondFilm: Exploring The Content of Movie oleh John

Scacco” is written by Usman (2015). He used theory of Aarts and Aarts 1982. The result

of this research, there are 90 noun phrases. Noun phrases are distinguished in three

function: Head, determiner, modifier. Head (65), determiner is 22 include pre determiner

(12), central determiner (5) and post determiner (3). There are 9 modifiers include pre

modifier (3) and post modifier (6) but discontinuous modifiers are not found in this

research.

2. “Fungsi Internal dan Kategori Frase Nomina dalam Journal of The Poetic and Linguistic

Association Vol. 11 (Syntactic Analysis) is written by Danial (2017). He used theory of

Aarts and Aarts 1982. The result of this research showed that from 255 noun phrases, the

internal functions which found are (60) functions of head, (38) determiners, and (157)

modifiers. Those internal functions classified more into (4) predeterminers, (30) central

determiners, 4 post determiners, (51) pre modifiers, (87) post modifiers and (19)

discontinuous modifiers.

3. “Frasa Nomina dipramodifikasi Frasa Adjektiva dalam Artikel Grammys 2020: Big

Speeches and Emotional Moments” is written by Lumanauw (2021). He used theory of

Aarts and Aarts 1982. The result of this research, there are 70 noun phrases found in the

five pages of “Grammys 2020: Big Speeches and Emotional Moments” article, within

each noun phrases, there are 47 adjectives which function as pre-modifier.

4. “A Syntactic analysis of Noun Phrase in The Text of Developing English Compentencies

Book for X Grade of Senior High School” is written by Sari (2012). The data source of

this research is the genre text book by Achmad Doddy, Developing English

Competencies Book. The researcher takes 145 data of noun phrases in sentences of

English Competencies Book. The analysis of the data is by reffering to the context of

syntax by using tree diagram in the theory of phrase structure rules then presenting phrase

structure rules and phrase markers.

5. “A Study of English Noun Phrases in Football News in The Jakarta Post published during

the FIFA World Cup 2006” is written by Kusuma (2007). In this research she found 451

noun phrase which are taken from 5 articles in The Jakarta Post published during the

FIFA World Cup 2006. From the analysis, it can be concluded that a head of the noun

phrase is mostly realized by countable nouns. A definite article occurs as a determiner of

a noun phrase, an adjective phrase as a premodifier, and prepositional phrase as a

postmodifier.

6. “Pola Noun Phrase yang Umum Ditemukan dalam Abstrak Artikel Penelitian” is written

by Frijuniarsi (2018). The aims of this study are to identify the variation of words

combination pattern in composing noun phrase as well as to figure out the most

frequently used pattern. Library research method and descriptive qualitative approach are

applied on this study. The data were taken from the abstracts ARTESOLESP E-journal.

Volume 2, No. 1, November 2012 ISSN 1853-7693. The result shows that the noun

phrase pattern written in those abstracts are various where there are 38 verities of word

combinations of 65 noun phrases. While the most frequently used pattern is the simple

pattern, in which 1 to 3 words are combined, with 39 numbers of data or 60% of total
 numbers of noun phrase. While the most dominant part of speech combination used in

forming noun phrases is the combination of adjective+noun with 8 item or 12.31 % of the

whole.

7. “A Syntactic Analysis on Noun Phrase Used in English Song By Ed Sheeran Album” is

written by Astuti (2020). This study focused only on the discussion underlined and

coding of types of noun phrase. It was found that there are 118 noun phrase im 93 lyrics

from the five selected song in the english song lyrics by Ed Sheeran album. There are 92

premodifier or 78%, 4 post modifier or 3,4%, and 23 premodifier and postmodifier at the

same time or 18,6%. The most dominant used of noun phrase in the English song was

premodifier that occurred by 92 data (78%).

8. “The use of Pre-modifiers and Post-modifiers of Noun Phrases in REVLON Lipstick

Advertisement in Female Online Magazines” is written by Susanto (2019). this study

analyzes deeper the pre-modifiers and post-modifiers of noun phrases found in Revlon

lipstick advertisements as the data of the analysis. there are 11 noun phrases with 4 types

of modifiers and 6 different structures. Meanwhile in post-modifiers, it is found 7 noun

phrases with 3 types of modifiers and 3 different structures. In addition, compound is the

most used category in pre-modifiers while prepositional phrase is the most used category

in post-modifiers.

VII. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This research will use Aarts and Aarts theory : Aarts and Aarts (1982) states that noun

phrases can function as the subject of sentences. In the structure of the noun phrase, we can

distinguish three kinds : head, determiner, and modifier. For examples:

1. Head

The head of pronouns is usually realized by a noun or pronoun, as in:

 Books are getting more and more expensive

[Head]

 The Impossible

[Head]

 His parents are dead

[Head]

2. Determiner

A word or group of words that introduce a noun. The function of determiner can be

realized such as the definite article, the indefinite article, possessive pronouns,

demonstrative pronouns, numerals, etc. Example:

 all his children

[Det] [Head]

 his three children

[Det] [Head]

There are three determiner sub-function: pre determiner, central determiner, and post

determiner.

a. Predeterminer

The items all, double, half and twice can combine with both singular and plural

heads. For examples:

 All poetry

[Pre det] [head]

 Noun phrase above with noun poetry as the head function, and the pre-determiner

is all

 Double Peter salary

[Pre det] [head]

Noun phrase above with noun Peter Salary as the head function, and the pre-determiner is

double

 Half this cheese

[Pre det] [head]

Noun phrase above with noun this cheese as the head function, and the pre-determiner is half

 Twice these sums

[Pre det] [head]

Noun phrase above with noun these sums as the head function, and the pre-determiner is twice

b. Central determiner

Central determiner is determiner that is present between pre determiner and head.

Example:

 Jennifer’s third baby

[Pre det] [cent det] [head]

Noun phrase above with noun baby as the head function, and the central-determiner is third, and

preceded by pre-determiner Jennifer’s

c. Post Determiner
 Post determiner is determiner that is present in front of head and behind central

determiner. Example:

 Half his many books

[pre det] [cent det] [post det] [head]

3. Modifier

Modifier is word, phrase or clause that functions as an adjectives or adverb to provide

additional information about another word or word group. There are two types of

modifiers: Pre modifier and Post Modifier

a. Pre modifier

Pre modifier is a function that is present in front of head. Example:

 Gard en city

[pre mod] [head]

Noun phrase above with noun city as the head function, and the pre-modifier is garden

 London policemen

[Pre mod] [head]

Noun phrase above with noun policemen as the head function, and the pre-modifier is london

b. Post modifier

Post modifier is a function that is present behind head. Examples:

 Lord’s spiritual

[head] [post mod]

Noun phrase above with noun Lord’s as the head function, and the post-modifier function is

spiritual

 The man outside

[det] [head] [post mod]

Noun phrase above with noun man as the head function, and The as the determiner function, and

the post-modifier function is outside

 The people present

[det] [head] [post mod]

Noun phrase above with noun people as the head function, and The as the determiner function,

and the post-modifier function is present.

VIII. METHODOLOGY

The writer uses descriptive qualitative method to analyze the kinds of noun phrase in The

Elle UK magazine on February 2022 edition. According to Ary et al (2019:378) descriptive

qualitative deals with the data that are in the form of words or pictures or other visuals and

artifacts rather than numbers and statistics. Data in the form of quotes from documents, field

notes, and interview or excerpts from videotapes, audiotapes, visuals, online materials, or

electronic communications are used to present the findings of the study.

1. Preparation
 First, the writer reads the book English Syntactic Sructure by Aarts and Aarts (1982). The

writer also reads books, e-journal and skripsi about noun phrases on the internet in order to

find out the topics and theories that related with the research.

2. Data Collection

In this stage, the writer will collect the data by finding out the kinds and internal functions of

Noun phrase in Elle U.K magazine as follow :

a. Read Elle U.K magazine that consist with 150 pages

b. Underline the headlines that contain noun phrase in the magazine

c. Write words belonging to noun phrase on hvs paper and begin to identify and

classify

d. After identify and classify the noun phrases from Elle U.K magazine

headlines, the writer analyze the internal function and then describe it.

Data Analysis

In analyzing the data, the writer used descriptive qualitative method. The data of noun phrase

that has been collected is analyzed to find the internal function of the noun phrase by using

the theory of Aarts and Aarts (1982).

IX. WORKING SCHEDULE

The working schedule of this research consists of four steps:

1. Preparation takes two weeks

2. Data collection takes two weeks

3. Data analysis takes two weeks

4. Writing the final draft takes three weeks

X. THE OUTLINE OF INTENDED SKRIPSI

The outline of discussion are divided into four chapter, those are:

Chapter I : Introduction

1.1 Rationale

1.2 Statement of Problems

1.3 Objectives of Research

1.4 Significance of Research

1.5 Review of Related Literature

1.6 Theoretical Framework

1.7 Methodology

Chapter II : The Identification and Classification of Noun Phrase in The Elle UK Magazine

Chapter III : The Analysis of Internal Function of Noun Phrase in The Elle UK Magazine
Chapter IV : Conclusion and Suggestion
References
 REFERENCES

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Astuti, S.A.W. 2020. “A Syntactic Analysis on Noun Phrase Used in English Song by Ed
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Chomsky, Naom. 2002. “Syntactic Structures” Second Edition. Berlin : Mouten de Gruyter.
Danial, A. 2017. “Fungsi Internal dan Kategori Frase Nomina dalam Journal of The Poetic and
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Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado.
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Grammys 2020: Big Speech and Emotional Moments”. Skripsi. Fakultas Ilmu Budaya.
Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado.
Lyons, John. 1968. “Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics”. Cambridge University Press.
Todd, Loreto. 1987. “An Introduction to Linguistics”. Singapore : Longman York Press.
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Quirk, Randolph and Greenbaum, Sidney. 1985. “A University Grammar of English”. Essex:
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Sari, D.K. 2012. “A Syntactic Analysis of Noun Phrase in The Text of Developing English
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Surakarta.
Susanto, C.M.C. 2019. “The Use of Pre-Modifiers and Post-Modifiers of Noun Phrase in Revlon
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Wardhaugh, Ronald.1977. “Introduction to Linguistics”. Second Edition: New York.

WEBSITE REFERENCES :
Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elle_(magazine)