NAME: EDMUND D.

IGNACIO DATE: 01/29/2022

BS CRIMINOLOGY 3 BLOCK 6
Assignment for Module 1 Lesson 3
CRIMINOLOGY 5 (JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM)

Assignment:
1. Aside from the theories mentioned in your notes, list at least 10 (ten) theories
related to juvenile delinquency, provide short description.
1. Subculture Theory
These groups then engage in behavior that is generally viewed not socially acceptable; and so,
they actively rebel against socially acceptable standards.
2. Rational Choice Theory
This explanation assumes that crime results from a rational process in which offenders make
decisions and choices, often planning their criminal activity so as to maximize the benefits and
avoid the risks.
3. Sociological Theories
Social control and social process theories represent yet another approach to understanding
juvenile delinquency and crime. Sociological explanations emphasize social influences on
individuals caused by the structure of society, societal change, social disorganization, subcultural
differences, and social processes that influence behavior.
4. Social structure theories
These theories claim that forces such as social disorganization, status frustration, and cultural
deviance lead lower-class youths to become involved in delinquent behavior.
5. Social reaction theories
These theories focus more on how society, social institutions, and government officials react to
crime and delinquency than on why offenders commit crime.
6. Social process (control) theories
These theories argue that all individuals have the potential and opportunity to perpetrate
delinquent or criminal offenses, but most refrain from such behavior because of fear and social
constraints.
7. Social process (learning) theories
These theories generally emphasize explanations that explain delinquency on the basis of social
interactions between individuals and social group influences that lead to delinquency.
8. Developmental or life-course theories
These theories explanations attempt to account for differences between offenders who begin
offending at an early age and continue offending, and those who begin in adolescence and grow
out of it.
9. Neutralization Theory
While most of the theories we have considered to this point portray the delinquent, especially the
underclass delinquent, as markedly different from "the rest of us,"
10. The classical Theory
The Classical theorists on the assumption of free will stated that the criminal is morally responsible
so he should therefore receive punishment according to that moral guilt. So, there were penalties
according to the moral turpitude involved in the offense and crime.
2. Search for the 3 types of delinquent gangs by Cloward and Ohlin. Cite your own
example on each type.
Cloward and Ohlin have identified three types of delinquent sub-cultures: the criminal, the
conflictory, and the retreatist. The first emphasizes orderly activity oriented to economic gain; the
second em-phasizes violence and gun-fighting; and the third emphasizes drug use and other
‘kicks’. The first tends to arise in areas where successful and big-time criminals reside and they
have a high status in the conventional community and mutually acceptable relations with political
machines and law enforcement officials.
This sub-culture does not manifest vio-lence. The second is found in areas where there is no
alliance between the criminal and the conventional elements. This subculture features vio-lence
and/or threat of violence as a method of getting status. In such neighborhoods, young people tend
to organize themselves in a commu­nity of gangs contending with one another for ‘rep’ through
the show of violence and toughness.
The third is found in areas where either repres-sive police measures make street-fighting too
dangerous or where moral and other inhibitions against the use of violence exist. Individuals
denied access to criminal and conflictive opportunities tend to withdraw into a world of narcotic
drugs.
3. What is the importance of learning these theories (as a whole) in your future career?
As a future criminologist the importance of learning these theories in my future career is to know
to explain why crime occurs based on what we learn from those around us. And these can help
us to in the future why individuals commit crimes and why they behave in certain situations. In
criminology, theories play an important role especially in understanding the settings, motivations,
assets, behaviors and actions of criminals. These theories serve as their guidelines in order to
detect and sometimes read the plans of their enemies.