Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ELECTRONIC
PHONE
low cost, high PERSONALLY
POSTAL High speed speed, ADMINISTERED
Lowcost Rapport with not labour detailed
respondent intensive questions ,
Not in labour
intensive High high response
respondent rate
rate
• Cost effective
• Easy to analyse
• Less time and energy need to
Advantages administer
of • Reduce bias as interviewer is not
present
questionnaire
• Used for large sample size
• Less instructive\ than face to face
interview
• Not suitable for all
• Low response rate
• Mailed questions may
filled by some one
Disadvantages • Provides superficial
of information
• Chances of
questionnaire misinterpretation
• People can lie and
answer the questions
vaguely.
Validity of Research tool
• Validity of an instrument refers to the degree to which
an instrument measures what it is supposed to be
measuring
• Types of validity
• 1.Face validity: overlook of instrument regarding its
appropriateness to measure a particular attribute or
phenomenon
• 2.Content validity: Scope of coverage of the content
are to be measured
• 3.Criterion validity: Relationship between
measurements of the instruments with some other
external criteria
• Predictive validity: degree of fore casting
judgment
• Concurrent validity: it is the degree of the
measures at present.
• 4.construct validity: Gives more importance
to testing relationship predicted on theoretical
measurement.
• Degree of
consistency and
Reliability accuracy with which
an instrument
of the measures the
attribute for which
tool it is designed to
measure
Test –Retest method
• Administration of a research instrument to a sample of subjects on two
different occasions