International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS 2019)

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP19M19-ART; ISBN: 978-1-5386-7799-5

Design of a corner truncated patch antenna array with

four elements for wireless applications
Dr. G. Anjaneyulu J.Siddartha Varma
Professor,ECE Department JRF,ECE DEPT
MVGRCE(A) MVGRCE (A)
Vizianagaram-535005 siddartha_varma@yahoo.co.in
anjaneyulu.mvgr@gmail.com

Abstract— A compact dual band 2x2 array antenna for wireless conventional patch antennas need to be modified to have CP.
applications in X and Ku band frequencies is presented in this paper. Corner truncation of patch antenna [10], [11] is one such
The array antenna in this work adopted a 2x2 array configuration simple technique to achieve circular polarization. Different
with corporate feeding network to have equal phase and current methods of single feed [12] circularly polarized antenna, wide
magnitudes. A corner truncated microstrip patch array is designed to
band [13] truncated patch antenna is designed. A square patch
have circular polarization. The proposed antenna is resonating at
10.48 GHz and 12.55 GHz with maximum radiating gain of about
antenna [14] with improved axial ratio is also designed.
11dBi. The corner truncated patch array is having an axial ratio of
0.17 dB with a bandwidth of 270 MHz at center frequency of 12.64
GHz. This antenna array can be used in different wireless
communication applications in X and Ku band frequencies.

Keywords— Array antenna, dual band, circular polarization,

planar array.

I. INTRODUCTION
One of the significant modules in the wireless
communication system is antenna, which is used for
transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. Compact
patch antennas are the need of the hour for communication
industry and most of the researchers around the globe are
trying to fulfil this requirement. Major drawback of this
antenna is having narrow bandwidth [1] and low gain. The
prime target of this work is to design a compact antenna array
to have an enhanced gain.

There are different ways to design a patch antenna
array [2] and many research papers are available as literature
for designing an array and in this work, a simple corporate
feeding network is used in array design. An antenna array with
four elements [3] is designed as 1x4 configuration is shown,
and a 2x1 array [4] with 2 elements for more bandwidth and
high gain designed. Suitable feeding network[5] will give
efficient results. A conventional corporate feed network [6]
with H-shaped coupling slots also have high gain. A 2x2
antenna array with different feeding mechanism [7] having
circular polarization at S- band frequency range. Antenna
array for Ku band frequencies for satellite applications [8]
with corporate series fed antenna can also be designed. An X -
band antenna [9] with high gain is designed with optimum
parameters.
Another important constraint of wireless
communication devices is to have circular polarization and
Figure 1: Geometry of the 2x2 antenna array.
This paper emphasis on designing an array with 4
patch elements to improve gain. It also deals with corner
truncated patch antenna array for having circular polarization,
which is a very significant parameter for wireless
communication devices especially in satellite communication
applications. Selection of a progressive feeding network for
planar array is significant aspect in antenna array designing.
Impedance matching has to be done properly in the feeding
network for achieving better return loss and thus obtaining
efficient results. In the design of the array antennas metered
bends are used for better matching with having only minimal
reflections. This structure has several advantages, such as
compactness and simplicity of its design. Specifically, in this
work a high gain 2x2 patch antenna array and corner truncated
patch antenna array is presented. The latter 2x2 antenna array
also exhibits circular polarization characteristics. Initially, the

978-1-5386-7799-5/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 507

 International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS 2019)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP19M19-ART; ISBN: 978-1-5386-7799-5

design of both array antennas is described. Second, the
simulated results such as return loss, VSWR, gain and axial
ratio are discussed. Finally, conclusions will be presented at
the end.
The antenna is excited using a 50-ohm microstrip
line. In the corporate feeding network design, quarter wave
transformer is used to match the impedance of overall
network. In the fig.2 patch antennas are corner truncated to
have a circular polarization. Optimization of the feed network
is also a vital role to match the overall impedance of the 2x2
antenna array. Table I gives the details of summary of all
optimized dimensions of the 2x2 antenna array.

Figure 2: Geometry of the corner truncated patch antenna array.

II. ANTENNA GEOMETRY Figure 3. S- parameter of 2x2 array antenna

The propounded antenna is simulated using finite

element based ANSYS high frequency structure simulator
(HFSS) software. The antenna array geometry for 4 elements
can be seen in the fig 1 and fig 2. The four patch antenna
elements are equally placed with length Lp and width Wp.
Primarily, a single element patch antenna is simulated and
dimensions are optimized to have better results and the final
values are being used in the array designing. The inter element
spacing between the patches are close to λ/2. The patch
antenna is designed on a RT duroid 5880 substrate having a
dielectric constant of 2.2, loss tangent value of 0.0009 and
thickness of 1.575mm is used for both the antenna array
designs.
Table I: Dimensions of proposed antenna
Design Parameter Value (mm)
Ls & Ws 79
Lp 8.17
Wp 10.13
Y0 2.8
W50 3.1
Wq 1.6
Lq 12.5 Figure 4. VSWR of 2x2 array antenna.
W100 0.7
a 2.82
s 2

978-1-5386-7799-5/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 508

 International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS 2019)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP19M19-ART; ISBN: 978-1-5386-7799-5
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The reflection coefficients and VSWR results of the
simulated 2x2 antenna array and corner truncated patch array
is shown in fig.3 and fig.4 respectively. The basic antenna
array is resonating at center frequency of 10.42 GHz and
11.50 GHz having an impedance bandwidth of 250 MHz
(10.29 – 10.54 GHz) and 550 MHz (11.13 – 11.68 GHz)
below -10 dB and truncated patch array is resonating at 10.48
GHz and 12.55 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 250
MHz (10.35 – 10.61 MHz) and 760 MHz (12 – 12.77 GHz) at
each resonating frequency respectively.
a)
b)
Figure 5. Radiation pattern of 2x2 antenna array in E & H- plane
a) 10.42 GHz b) 11.50 GHz
The radiation pattern of the 2x2 antenna array at E-
plane and H-plane at Phi=00 and Phi=900 is shown in fig.5 and
978-1-5386-7799-5/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE
fig 6. It is clear from both the figures that the 2x2 antenna
array provides reasonably acceptable radiation pattern. The
gain of the proposed antenna array is shown in the fig.7 with a
maximum gain of 11.95 dBi. It can also be observed from the
gain plots that antenna array with corner truncated patches
have slightly low gain compared to the basic array, this
decrease in the gain can be compensated by optimizing the
feeding network.
a)
b)
Figure 6. Radiation pattern of 2x2 corner truncated antenna array in E & H-
plane. a) 10.48 GHz b) 12.55 GHz
The axial ratio plot of the truncated 2x2 array antenna
is seen in the fig.8, which is about 0.17 dB at 12.64 GHz and
the total AR bandwidth is about 270 MHz (12.50 – 12.77
GHz). To achieve more improved gain, this 2x2 array can be
used as sub array to generate antenna array with more
elements. But as discussed earlier the design of the feeding
network becomes crucial in achieving efficient results. Table
509
 International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS 2019)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP19M19-ART; ISBN: 978-1-5386-7799-5

II gives an idea of summary of performance of this 2x2 array IV. CONCLUSION

antenna at different frequencies.
In this work, a planar array antenna with 4 elements is
designed at X and Ku band frequency range for wireless
applications. By truncating the corner edges of the basic
rectangular patch, circular polarization is obtained in the array
design. The maximum gain achieved from the 2x2 array is
about 11 dBi. The array antenna is also resonating at dual
frequencies, which is also an advantage to use this antenna for
two different applications. Further this 2x2 array can be
rescaled to design an array antenna with a greater number of
elements for improved gain.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This work (Major project) was funded by Science and Engineering
Research Broad, the Department of Science and Technology (DST),
Government of India, Sanction No. EEQ/2016/000396 and Order No.
SERB/F/8020/2017-18.

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