ABSTRACT

Effort to portray that crime shows create a positive impact rather negative impact on viewers.

Since, science has developed a lot there is a “Forensic Laboratory Science” through which the

forensic team collects the blood samples, finger prints, hairs, and match it with the DNA of a

victim and can find out who has committed the crime. Crime really never pays crime shows help

to understand the motive of the person helps to fights back, helps to raise voice against the

culprit because there are certain laws for women empowerment so women should have the

courage to fight for her. Crime shows do portray real life based incident and the content are not

always fictitious. Day by day people are becoming much more aware but crime is not getting

stopped. Humans are becoming inhuman; there is no humanity left. They are murdering, raping,

kidnapping having marital affairs some of them are serial killers a psycho killing for fun. Indian

police should be more active and the laws of the court should be faster in taking the decision

should not take years to close the case. Media should always show what is authentic.
Chapter 1 Introduction

What is a Crime based Reality show?

Crime based reality show also known as reality legal program is a television show. It is literary

or artistic work which focuses on reality based contents having to do with law, such as cop,

crime, judicial proceedings. It also focuses on how crimes are solved. Many crime based reality

shows have an anchor who narrates the story of the characters played so that the viewers

attention are drawn towards the show, they like watching it, they understand the nature of crime

and the legal proceedings.

Uses and Gratification Theory

Katz in 1959 researched on this theory and analyzed that audience are totally dependent on mass

media and mass media equally rely on audience. So whatever mass media represent to the

audience must be real life based and authentic. They in fact should not be biased should be

neutral. Mass media plays a vital role in changing the society and development they make

audience aware about all the happenings all over the world .Everything depends on media’s

presentation whatever media will show audience will believe so they should be real and

trustworthy.
What is a cultivation theory?

This theory was developed by George Gerber in 1967.It was based on the people who devoted

themselves very much on television world who thought that whatever they see on television is

actually happening around them and they were lost on their own assumptions. They also said that

media played a vital role towards changing the society, minds of the people so whatever media

publishes images, symbols, messages should be accurate not biased reality based (Agarwala &

Gupta, 2012)

Forensic Laboratory?

Forensic Laboratory also known as Criminalistics. A forensic laboratory is a scientific laboratory

specialized in forensic science. These laboratories can be run by government and also by private

companies but with the law enacted the infrastructure of a country.

Forensic team collects the sample, preserve them and analyze during period of an investigation.

Some of the forensic team travel to the crime scene to collect the evidence themselves. Forensic

team witnesses in both criminal and civil cases and legal proceedings.

Crime shows as “Myth”

Myth is an unwritten stories consisting of narrations that plays a significant role in a society.

Research Scholars Elizabeth Monk Turner, Homer Martinez, Jason Holbrook and Nathan Harvey

researched on crime shows as myth. They concluded that most of the shows in the USA were not

reality based it was fictitious.

Fear v/s Awareness

Fear is an emotion that comes within a human by perceiving danger or threat which causes

physiological changes in the human being. Fear comes within a human in response to certain

changes occurring in the present or expecting of a future threat.

Whereas awareness is the capability to know directly to feel and to be in a state of having

knowledge about something that do exists.

Positive Impact of Crime Shows

A research done by Man prêt Bhamra and Trupty Mistry tried to figure out in their research

through uses and gratification theory. In their theory they analyzed that youth not only watches

crime based reality shows for entertainment but also watches for awareness what is going on all

over the world and how to safeguards themselves. Through their research they found out that

crime shows gives a positive impact in the society.

Negative Impact of Crime Shows

A research done by Mudassar Abdullah and N.K Adzerieman and B.ABD Rahman in the year

2017. They concluded that crime shows are very popular all over the world there is no age bar.

They concluded that a large number of people are habituated some content have been perceived

to be good as well and some probably come out to have a negative impact on the behavioral
development of the youth. Media plays a very vital role in the development of the society

whatever content is shown in the television youth absorb it very fast. Youth are the very fast

learners so violent or fictitious or obscene affects them.

Popular Crime Shows in Indian Television

Crime Patrol

Crime patrol is a Hindi crime series created by Subramanian S Iyer for Sony Entertainment

Television India. It was started on May 09’ 2003 and till date is running. It has been almost a

decade. People like watching Anup Sony as an anchor. He narrates the story that are being

enacted by the several characters played by Sanjeev Tyagi, Nissar Khan as senior Inspector and

Moin Azam Khan, Manish Raj, Suman Singh, Shashwita Sharma as Sub Inspectors. It is running

on its fifth season.

CID

CID is an Indian police procedural television series about Mumbai’s Crime investigative

department created by B.P Singh for Sony Entertainment Television India. The series premiere

on January 21st 1998. It is the longest running television series. It is a genre of crime fiction,

suspense and thriller. Shivaji Satam plays as ACP Pradyuman, Aditya Srivastava and Dayanand

Shetty plays as senior cops.

CRIME BRANCH

It is the investigating agency of India. It is The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). The

Agency investigates several special crimes, cases of high profile people, corruption cases, cases

which remains unsolved for years which the Indian Police Team are not able to solve they are

given the case to handle. Crime Bureau of Investigation is released from the provision of the

Right to Information Act. Headquarters’ are in New Delhi, India. Rishi Kumar Shukla is the

current Director of CBI.

Aim of the Study

The Aim and Intention of my research study is that I want to know what viewers feels and thinks

about after watching shows whether they watch for awareness or they watch for entertainment or

they are motivated how to tackle themselves if they become a victim.

Social Signifance of the Study

The Social Signifance and importance of my research is that as I have always been a huge fan of

crime shows. As far as now I have observed and felt that crime shows are not just for an

entertainment. It has rather motivated us not to commit crime at any cost because crime never

pays one day certainly the truth will prevail and Karma will hit back. It has always made me feel

strong after watching the crime shows as I used to feel very scared in the past. So I want to show

people how one can be strong enough to fight back if he or she is determined to get justice for

himself or herself.
 Specific Objectives

I would research by taking in depth interviews of dedicated viewers between the age group of

(20-60) years and make an analysis of the viewers.

General Objectives

My Study aims to achieve:

 Living in 21st Century Modern World how many people still live with fear and hesitate to

share their problems?

 What Perception does come into their mind?

 Do they feel motivated?

 Do they get awareness?

 Do they feel strong?

 Have they learn’t how to overcome if in case gets into any kind of trouble?

 Have they learn’t about the advanced scientific tests which are done nowadays to identify

the criminals?

 Have they learn’t about IPC sections?

OBJECTIVES
The Goal of my research is to find out how viewers predicts about crime shows what perceptions

do come in their mind. Do they have a positive impact or a negative impact? How often do they

watch crime shows in a week? Do they watch frequently or just the weekends. Have they ever

come across the term forensic laboratory? Do they know anything about it how does the team

work puts in effort in collecting the samples from the crime scene which becomes the lead in

solving the cases? Are they really dedicated to watch the crime shows or just for an

entertainment? Do crime shows makes them aware of all the happenings around the world and

makes them more careful, more cautious. Do crimes shows have help them to fight back if they

get into a trap? Do crime shows still create fear in them or they have become fearless as time

passed by? Do illusion still exists in them? Do they believe that whatever shown in the crime

shows are real life based and not fictitious?

Chapter 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Cultivation Theory

Gerbner and Gross predicted in their theory that giving too much of time on TV brings fear of

crime in the mind of people they also predicted that TV violence would affect perception of

crime rate. They also predicted that TV shows draws viewers into a fictitious world. Gerbner

also argued that fear in the people’s mind has not increased because they are mostly viewing

them but also because of mistrust that promotes authoritarian governance.

Youth watch reality based crime shows on television and what kind of emotions comes

within them

In the research of Man prêt Bhamra and Trupti they tried to figure out why youth watches reality

based crime shows on television how much they get affected.

Since this crime reality shows are being caused as tools of information awareness, and becoming

popular day by day in recent times. Through their survey they found out that youth not only

watch crime related reality shows for entertaining but also do watches to become aware of what

is going on all over the world and how to tackle them.

They studied about the crime drama by using the uses and gratification approach that respondent

receive from using social media to understand why the youth prefer to watch reality based crime
shows. They focused on the reasons first of all why the shows are watched; second reason is to

explore the emotions and how these shows impact to the viewers.

The Effects of Reality Crime shows

A research done by J.V’n Swati in 2007. In her research she tried to show how the reality of

crime show and crime news impact on society how it tries to bring awareness in the society and

along with that it is also bringing fear in the people’s mind. In this situation viewers make their

own perception about the reality being worse than the show. In her research she took interviews

of Psychiatrist and concluded that reality based crime shows brings awareness but also brings

fear in the people’s mind.

Crime, News and Fear of Crime: Toward An Identification of Audience Effects

Heath and Gilbert concluded in their research that relationships are uncertain. They analyzed that

crime news and crime fear are not concerned with audience characteristics, instead of TV shows

which media presents them, raises issues on audience perception.

Whichever way media uses to circulate its news whether newspaper, television or radio it

impacts fear in the minds of the people.

Between January and March 1994, they surveyed 2,092 adults in Tallahassee, The state capital of

Florida and their respondent were randomly chosen from adults and it found that fear is greater

for blacks than for whites.

Effects of TV Crime show on behavioral development of Youth.

“Mudassar Abdullah” and Adzrieman B.Abd Rahman researched on effects of TV crime shows

in Pakistan on the behavioral development of children. They researched in the year 2017 on how

children are affected. Crime shows are telecasted at the prime time in Pakistan and people are so

much a diehard fan of such shows, especially to the youth who are at their behavioral

development phase and are likely to follow negativity rather perceiving good things.

Crime shows are comparatively a new genre in Pakistan television Industry. Hence, they

concluded by their observation that how youth learn , what they learn have always been focused

on media contents.

Reality TV Crime Shows continuing to cause Crime Myths

Elizabeth Monk Turner, Homer Martinez, Jason Holbrook, and Nathan Harvey research on crime

myths continuation. They concluded that most of the crime shows on television in the USA were

not reality based it was fictitious and the men who were in white were police officer and the men

who were in black were the culprits. Gender and racial stereo type’s characters were portrayed in

the television crime shows.

Book of Crime and Mental Well-Being

In the book of Crime and Mental well-being the author’s Francesca Cornelia, Naomi E.Feldman

and Andrew Leigh on the discussion paper number 8014 March 2014 concluded that there is a

direct and an indirect impact on both the victims as well as non-victims. It has a negative mental

well being on non victims due to the fear of crime.

Women are really more anxious about crime

Robbie M.Sutton and Stephen FARALL researched on 3rd September 2004 on women that are

they more anxious than men. Hence, they concluded that different levels of fear of crime

reported by men and women are realistic. After their research survey they found out that men are

more fearful than women. Men are suppressed by the perception that is not acceptable to express

one’s fear.

Why there is more Crime in cities?

Research Scholars Edward L.Glaeser and Bruce Sacerdote on January 1996 conducted a research

where crimes are conducted more in cities than small rural areas. They tried to explain by using

victimization data, evidence from the NLSY on criminal behavior and the uniform crime reports.

In the cities criminals evokes poor victims by providing them money by committing criminal

activities to the wealthy people.

Psychopathic Behaviour: An Information processing perspective

Joseph P.NEWMAN Department of Psychology in his research analyzed those symptoms such

as disorder characterized by distortions of reality and disturbance of thought, depression and

various disorders in which the contribution of some disordered psychological process is allowed

there is doubt, mental rejection of psychopathology in psychopaths.

When somebody is feeling uneasy, unwell, feeling lost we find it natural.

Psychopaths chronic failure of self regulation is the result that hampers them and in that state of

mind they commit crimes and they are mentally sick (Newman, 1998)

What about #US TOO? The Invisibility of Race in the #Me Too Movement.

Angela Onwuachi willing in 2018 researched in #Me Too movement which involved women.

She researched that women have highly received praised for raising their voices against

harassment in the workplace which are very common. Although this movement have received
criticism as well. Why did’nt this movement took place 10 years back. The researcher analyzed

that black colour women were ignored in the movement initially.

This #Me Too movement after October 15 ‘2017 has now a society where women do not feel

hesistant in reporting FIR against harassment in the workplace. Where in the past out of fear

about society they would not be heard or believed so they did not report on any such violence.

“It’s the time for all our voices to be heard.”

Children Witnessing of Adult domestic violence.

Jeffrey L Edleson University of Minnesota researched on children who witness act of aggression,

violence in their houses are the most recent victims. They are hence named as “forgotten”,

“silent”, unintentional victims of adult domestic violence. Witnessing an act of aggression,

violence is defined as being taken hostage and being forced to participate in the violence. He

hence concluded immediate measures can be taken to prevent children from witnessing such

violence. Children who are more exposed to such violence have the greater chances of

committing crimes (Willing, June 18,2018)

Criminal Gangs in Mumbai City from Actor to Network orientation.

Vijay Raghavan associate professor, centre of criminology and justice researched on the city of

Mumbai and crime. As many crime takes place in the cities by lower class people who are hired
by upper class rich people. These lower class people for their need and poverty get ready for

attempting the crime.

Mumbai’s Economy is far better than other cities in the modern India Content so the number of

people who wants to earn money quickly either invests or gets involved in irrespective scams.

Money fuels the growth of an illegal economy and involving in the smuggling and underworld

links in the stock market and construction and film industry.

Hence he concluded from his research that machinery and relationships keeps the gangs working

via small lower under privileged people in return of money and for name fame.
Chapter 3 Methodology

Research Design: Descriptive research

Research Technique: Focussed Group Interview

Population of the study: Dedicated viewers of crime shows in Kolkata

Sample of the study: 20 respondents were contacted and interviewed in depth.

Sampling Technique and its justification: Since it is an interview method I selected 20

respondents who dedicative watch crime shows.

Social significance of the study: Since I am also a very diehard fan of crime shows I wanted to

find out that what the perceptions of the viewers on crime show are. Do they watch for

entertainment or for awareness?

In my research study I found out that many researchers has analyses that there is both negative

and positive impact on viewers. Some of them watch for awareness, some of them who spends

most of the time on TV had negative impact. They perceive the crime show as something really

happening around them, they had an illusion of their own. Some of them watched for

entertainment many researchers called crime shows as myth, they are fictitious. Many

researchers said crime are committed in cities than rural areas.

In America the blacks were consider as the criminals and the white were the cops. In Pakistan,

crime shows has been very popular as it runs in the prime time everybody watches but it has a

negative impact on the behavioral development of the youth if crime shows are violent, fictitious

or obscene it impacts the mind of the youth through my research analysis by taking in depth
interviews of 20 respondents I wanted to know what are the thoughts and opinions of audience

who watches crime shows dedicatedly in Kolkata. Are they still in fear or they have improvised

themselves or they think positively. Are they really getting awareness day by day? Are they

feeling secured are they able to safeguard themselves if they are in danger.

Limitation of the study: Because of the shortage of the time it could have given other

dimension. Due to lack of funds could have travelled out of Kolkata for in depth interviews.
Chapter 4 ANALYSIS

Name of the Respondents

Respondent No.1 – Sajid

Respondent No.2 – Shabeena

Respondent No.3 – Ayesha

Respondent No.4 – Kayenat

Respondent No.5 – Humaira

Respondent No.6 – Saquib

Respondent No.7 – Payal

Respondent No.8 – Anusha

Respondent No.9 – Nadira

Respondent No.10 – Zaryab

Respondent No.11 – Junaid

Respondent No.12 – Sadia

Respondent No-13 – Sharique

Respondent No.14 – Shamser

Respondent No.15 – Sayantan

Respondent No.16 – Babie

Respondent No.17 – Ashish

Respondent No.18 – Saunak

Respondent No-19 – Raghvendra

Respondent No.20 – Saman

1) Why do you watch crime based reality shows?

Crime based reality shows is been watched because it is entertaining, it is interesting, it makes

people aware of all the happenings around the world, it helps to safeguard oneself, it helps to

understand the motive of the people to commits crime, it helps to be prepared if one falls in any

kind of trap, it helps to learn about laws by laws and women rights.

 Respondent No.1, 5, 8 and 20 watches crime shows because they find it as an

entertainment and interesting.

 Respondent No.2, 3, 4, 7,10,13,16,17,19,20 watches crime shows for awareness.

 Respondent No.2,6,9, watches crime shows for their own safety

 Respondent No.7 watches crime shows because it makes her learn about the laws, by the

laws and women rights.

 Respondent No.11, 14,15, watches crime show because it helps them to understand the

motives of the people.

2) How often do you watch crime shows in a week?

<Less than 1 hour, 1 hour to 2 hour, 2hour to 4 hour, More than 4 hours>

Crime shows are watched more than one hour to two hours in a week people like

watching them in their spare time.

 Respondent No.1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,14,16,19,20 watches crime shows for more than

one to two hours.

 Respondent No.11, 15, 17, 18 watches crime shows for more than four hours in a

week.

Respondent No.12,13 watches crime shows less than one hour in a week.

3) If you missed an episode do you skip the episode or watch it later?

Usually people skip the episode if they missed watching them.

 Respondent No.1,3,4,5,8,9,12,12,13,14,16,19,20 skips the episode if any missed.

 Respondent No.2, 6, 7, 10, 11,1517,18 watches the missed episode later.

4) Have you come across “Forensic Laboratory” term in crime shows?

Maximum viewers have heard about the term forensic laboratory and how it works in

catching the criminals.

 Respondent No.1,2,3,5,7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,20 have heard about the

term forensic laboratory.

  Respondent No.4, 6,8,19 have not heard about the term forensic laboratory.

5) Do crime shows make you more aware regarding the types of possible crimes

happening around?

Yes it does, crime shows helps to be aware of different types of crime happening around

such as homicide, banking, call centre frauds, cyber crime, and many more. It helps to

understand the motive of the people it helps in safeguarding oneself.

 Respondent No.1 to 20 all of them believe that crime shows makes them

aware regarding the types of possible crime happening around.

6) What have you learn so far since you watch crime shows?

After watching crime shows people have learnt how to safeguard themselves, how to help

others if he or she is in trouble, no crime can be escaped from the time forensic team has

started working in the recent years, not to trust anyone blindly, they have learnt various

laws prevalent in our Indian judicial system, helps to raise voice and have faith in the

penal system to fight against in justice, to be more careful, how to take precautions, not

jump into conclusion so fast, to stay alert, one should not resort to crime in real life, one

should not get angry over any issue and commit any crime, not carrying large sums of

money around, calling police immediately if any dangers seems to be, crime never pays.
  Respondent No.2,3,4,6,9,10,11,12,13,15,16,17,19,20 said that they have learnt

how to safeguard themselves, stay alert, how to handle themselves if in

danger, how to be aware of the frauds happening all around.

 Respondent No.4, 5, 8, 9,, 11,12,14, said that they have learnt to be more

careful and not to trust anyone easily.

 Respondent No.7 said that she has learnt various laws prevalent in our Indian

Judicial system how to raise voice and fight against in justice.

 Respondent No.11 said that never jump into conclusion very fast and learnt

about forensic science which plays a vital role in solving the cases.

 Respondent no .12 said that she has learnt one should not resort to crime in

real life ,not to get angry over any issue and commit any crime

 Respondent no.15 said that he has learnt not to carry sums of money around,

call the cop if any danger seems to be, not repeating the mistakes which the

victims have done.

 Respondent no 18 said that crime never pays.

7) What if suppose you get trapped how would you handle it?

After watching crime shows people know how to handle the situation .They would not panic,

would try to discuss it with family or friends, would call the cops if necessary, would try to prove

their innocence in the court of law, would try to find out loopholes.

 Respondent No.1 ,2,3,4,6,8,9,12,13,16 said if suppose they get into a trap they would not

panic and call the cops.

  Respondent No.5, 10, 15, said that if they get a trap they would find the best way to come

out of the situation that depends on.

 Respondent No.7 said that she gets into trap she would not take any hasty decision.

 Respondent No.9, 20, she will stand strong and will run towards the crowd.

 Respondent No.11, 14, 17, 19 would try their best to prove their innocence and help the

investigator in solving their case.

 Respondent No.12 said that she will try to maintain her cool and not get into physical

violence.

8) Do crime shows create fear in you?

After watching crime shows there are 60% people who feels that crime shows do not create fear

and 40% people thinks that crime shows create fear in them.

 Respondent No.1,2,4,7,10,11,12,13,15,16,19, feels that crime shows do not create fear in

them.

 Respondent No.5, 6, 17, feels that crime shows create fear in them to some extent not

always.

 Respondent No.8, 9,14,18,20 feels that crime shows create fear in them.

9) Do you trust your maid or other help after watching crime shows?
After watching crime shows people have become skeptical. They do not trust their maid or other

help unless and until they know them personally and they do check their backgrounds before

hiring them for work.

 Respondent No.1, 4,6,11,13,17,18, said that they trust their maid and other help.

 Respondent No.3, 5,8,9,10,19 do not trust their maid and other help after watching crime

shows.

 Respondent No.2, 7,9,12,14,16,20 trusts their maid or other help not blindly they keep an

eye on them and do checkout their whereabouts before hiring them for work.

10) Do you think that whatever is shown in crime shows do take place in reality?

Whatever is shown in crime shows do take place in reality but not all some are shown in an

exaggerated way.

 Respondent No.1,2,3,6,7,12,13,14,15,16,20 said that whatever is shown in crime shows

do take place in reality.

 Respondent No.4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 17, 18, and 19 said that some the crime shows are based in

real life and some crime show are not real.

 Respondent No.9 said that she feels crime shows are not real life based but it brings

awareness.

11)After watching these crime shows which class of people do you think commits

crime the most?

After watching these crime shows almost all class of people commit crimes. Amongst

them are bus conductor, drivers, middle- aged men and women, teenage boys and girls,

the upper class (Politician, Boss of Public and Private sector offices, casting couch in

cinemas), Policemen.

 Respondent No.1,3,6,8,9, after watching crime shows think that lower class

people commit crime the most and amongst them are bus conductor, drivers.

 Respondent No. 2,5,7,10 after watching crime shows think that all class of people

including lower ,middle and higher class people commit crimes they include the

drivers, psycho lovers, the leaders , the teenagers.

 Respondent No.4,10 after watching these crime shows think that rich people

commit crimes the most because they hire lower class people by offering them

money for murdering. The Politicians commit crimes by taking advantage of their

power, casting couch.

12) Do you get depressed after watching crime shows?

After watching crime shows some people get depressed because it becomes very

hard to believe that how can anyone commits crime, how their hand don’t shiver

while committing a crime why they don’t think twice or thrice that if they commit

crime they would be caught and be punished for entire life and their whole life
will be ruined. Some enjoys watching as they are entertained. Some watches to

get the knowledge of all the happening around and to be aware of.

 Respondent No.1, 4, 6,7,10 after watching crime shows get depressed

because it becomes very hard to believe that such heinous act are

performed by the people without any fear of being punished, without any

fear of losing their career how could they dare to think even, how could

not they stop themselves from harming oneself and the other person, how

could not their inner soul stop them from committing crime.

 Respondent No.2, 3,5,8,9 after watching crime shows do not get depressed

as they find it as an entertainment , awareness and to be updated about all

the happenings around.

Chapter 5 FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

From all the research scholars who researched on crime shows conducted on their theories that

crime based reality shows have both negative impact as well as positive impact on viewers.

Some people love watching crime shows because they find it as an entertainment. Some people

watch it for awareness as they get to know what is happening all over the world and how to

safeguard themselves, how to be careful. Many research scholars also conducted on their theories

that crime shows do also have a negative impact. The more they are watching crime shows the

more they are predicting the show to be realistic they are predicting all sort of things are

happening with them. It is their illusion fear is occurring within them. As media plays a very

important role in the development of the society whatever content media represent should be real

and authentic should not contain any violence or obscene because it has a negative impact in the

minds of the people especially the youth. It is the youth who is tomorrow’s sunshine so they are

the very quick learners they absorb very quickly.

Day by day people are becoming more cautious, they are no more fearful now they are aware of

forensic science they feel that crime shows are real life based and not fictitious, how criminals

are getting caught at the end. In a simple language “crime never pays” According to my analysis

60% of dedicated viewers of Kolkata believe that crime shows are creating awareness in the

recent years.

The Indian Police needs to be more dedicated more towards their work and forensic team is at

their best no doubt; there must be more strict law of punishment in the judicial system for the

criminals.
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