Load Flow Example B2

I. Exercise 1 – Create Configurations

1. Use Load Flow Example-1.OTI for all exercises

2. Create new configurations and study cases according to the following tables:

Name Configuration
Normal Open tie-breaker CB3 and CB4 and close all other CBs
Load Shift Close tie- breaker CB3 & CB4 and open both side CBs of T5 and Cable5
T3 Down Based on Normal configuration, close CB3 and open CBs on both sides of
T3
T4 Down Based on Normal configuration, close CB4 and open CBs on both sides of
T4
TieCBClosed Close both tie-breakers CB3 and CB4

Name Study Case

Use Design for Loading Category

Set Diversity Factor to None
Use Design for Generation Category
DesignLoad
Use default values on Adjustment page
All loading and generator excitation alerts: Critical = 100%, Marginal =
95%

Same loading and generation categories as above

Use global diversity factor to set all load to 90%
90%Load Use the default setting on Adjustment page
All loading and generator excitation alerts: Critical = 100%, Marginal =
95%

II. Exercise 2 – Check System Voltage Condition

1. Check system voltage condition

Run different cases to see if there is voltage problem
If there is any problem, fix it

III. Exercise 3 – Use LF Calculation to Check Equipment Rating

For steps 1~ 3 simply locate the equipment overload problems. Do not fix them at this point.

1. Check Cable2 rating (use the load flow analyzer to check the cable ratings)
Run different cases to see if Cable2 is over/under sized
Consider different operating conditions
Use derated ampacity based on default tray setup (ICEA P54-440, H=6, W=18, Fill=30%, no
cover, no cumulative effect and no fire protection)

ETAP Workshop Notes ©1996-2012 ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. Page 1 of 2

 Load Flow Example B2

2. Check Cable5 & Cable7 rating (use the load flow analyzer to check the cable ratings)
Run different cases to see if Cable5 & Cable7 are over/under sized
Consider all possible configurations
Use derated ampacity based on default tray setup (ICEA P54-440, H = 6 in, W = 18 in, Fill =
30%, no cover, cumulative effect and fire protection)

3. Check XFMR T4 and T5 ratings (use the load flow analyzer to check the transformer ratings)
For all cases under consideration, are T4 and T5 under/oversized
What size would be more adequate?
Check system voltage condition again

III. Exercise 4 – Maximize Generator Output

1. Fully utilize co-gen capability

Let generator output 10 MW
Check if there is any problem with system voltage, utility operating PF, etc

III. Exercise 5 – Voltage Regulation

1. Operating without co-gen
See if high voltage buses can maintain V ≥ 98%
Use transformer tap to correct voltage problem - does it cause over voltage condition when
generator is in?
Try LTC or use LTC tool to determine tap position

IV. Exercise 6 – Element Sizing

For steps 1 ~ 4 fix the problems using revisions.

1. Size Cable 2
2 by 2 conduit
Ta = 25 °C, Tc = 90 °C, Rho = 95 °C-cm/W

2. Size Cable 5 & 7

A/G tray with height = 6 in, width = 20 in, % fill = 25
Tray Ta = 30 °C , Tc = 90 °C
Use ICEA method

4. Determine rating For Bus8, Bus12, CB8 and CB9

Operating conditions to be considered: configuration, loading, compatibility with upstream
elements
Consider the condition when one transformer (T4 or T5) is down

3. Select and Size equipment cable for Mtr4 (You can size the equipment cable in Base)
Set up Ampacity page data: Ta = 35 °C, Tc = 90 °C, NEC, A/G tray with top cover
Size requirements: Vd (2%), Vst (80%), ampacity (Mtr4 with MF), and Short-Circuit (26 kA,
0.06 seconds)
Use library: ICEA, rubber, magnetic installation, 100% insulation level, 0.6kV, 3/C, CU
conductor, 200 ft

ETAP Workshop Notes ©1996-2012 ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. Page 2 of 2